INDEXSr. No. Title Author Subject Page No.

1 ARM’S Length Price : An Overview with Special Reference to Indian Mncs

Dr. Pranam Dhar, Dr. Manideep Chandra

Accountancy 1-2

2 Accounting for Intengible Assets : With a Special Reference to Valuation of Goodwil

Dr.Kishor V. Bhesaniya Accountancy 3-4

3 Foreign Trade of India Dr. M. K. Maru Commerce 5-6

4 Scale Validation of TQM Construct in Management Education

Ms. Rachita Sambyal, Ms. Preeti Salathia

Commerce 7-8

5 Role of Women Co-Operative Credit Societies in J&K - A Study

Tarsem Lal Commerce 9-10

6 Development of Life Insurance Corporation of India Jitendra Dhirajlal Karia, Dr. (Prof.) Vijay Kumar Soni

Commerce 11-12

7 Factors Influencing Transportation Mode in Small Manufacturing Firms

Dr. Vipul Chalotra, Prof Neetu Andotra

Commerce 13-14

8 Socially Responsible Investments Amola Bhatt,Sweety Shah

Corporate Governance

15-17

9 In Search of between the line "An Actor's way" Dr. Jayant Shevtekar Drama 18-19

10 Play Performance: Directorial Perspective Dr. Sanjay Patil Drama 20-21

11 Quality of Working Life and Job Satisfaction of Government Hospital Nurses in Bangladesh

Dr.A.Shyamala Economics 22-23

12 Special Reference of Poverty : Banjara Community in India Dr.Pawar A. S.,Naik Priti A.,Dr. Rathod S. J.

Economics 24-26

13 Economical Status of Banjara and Dhangar Community in Marathwada

Naik Priti A.,Dr.Pawar A. S.,Dr. Rathod S. J.

Economics 27-29

14 Neurocognitive Precept of Constructivism in Science Education

K.Bhaskar, Dr.P.Sivakumar

Education 30-31

15 Effectiveness Of Work Card As Self Learning Material On English Grammar Achievement

Dr.Ramesh B. Sakhiya Education 32-33

16 Performance Based Pushover Analysis of R.C.C. Frames Dakshes J. Pambhar Engineering 34-38

17 Artificial Recharge by Using Rainwater Harvesting- A Case Study of a Check Dam in Zalod, Dahod Area

H.H. Kanjariya,Prof. A. I. Lalani

Engineering 39-41

18 Assessment of Water Supply at Patan, Gujarat Mrunalini Himatlal Rana, Hitesh H. Kanjariya

Engineering 42-46

19 Retrofitting of Beam Using Different Material in Self Compacting Concrete

Patel Atit P.,Elizabeth George

Engineering 47-49

20 A numerical method for simulating discontinuous shallow flow over an infiltrating surface

Roshni Patel, Jitendrasinh D. Raol.

Engineering 48-53

21 An Evolutionary Approach to Materialized View in Data Warehousing

Sanket S. Patel, Mr. Deepak Dembla

Engineering 54-57

22 Flexible Airfield Pavement Design Using Layered Elastic Design Federal Aviation Administration (LEDFAA)

Purvin A. Patel, H. K. Dave, V. R. Patel

Engineering 58-60

23 Study on the corrosion inhibition of mild steel by azole derivative, phosphono derivative and bivalent cation

V. Manivannan,N. Chithralekha

Engineering 61-63

24 Traffic Management Plan For Urban-Arterial Road SH-41 In Mehsana City.

Vishal Sathvara,Prof. V.R.Patel

Engineering 64-67

25 To Study the Heat Transfer Phenomena in Parallel Plate Heat Exchanger

Mr. S. B. Ranpara,Mr. M. V. Vekariya,Prof. R. N. Makadiya

Engineering 68-70

26 Population Growth Impact on Land Use pattern in Hyderabad City using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques

S.Indhira Gandhi,Dr. V.Madha Suresh

Geography 71-72

27 Sedimentary structures of the Pinjor Formation exposed in the type area Pinjor, northwestern Himalaya

Mahavir Singh Geology 73-75

28 Severity of Menstrual Problems in Early and Late Reproductive Years

Dr Kumari Geeta,Dr Kumud Khanna,Dr Ranjana Mahna

Home Science 76-79

29 Strategic HR – The Value Adding Partner Mr. Mehul G. Thakkar Human Resource Management

80-82

30 An Inclusive Approach of Socio-Economic And Political Justice Under Panchayati Raj Institution

Manish Parshuram Pawar, Dr. Ashok Shankarrao Pawar

Law 83-84

31 Digitization of Broadcasting Materials and its Necessity Jayashree Panda Library Science 85-86

32 An Emerging Perspective with Reference to Value Chain Management

Dr. Ashvin H. Solanki, Dr. Ramesh A. Dangar

Management 87-89

33 Advertising effectiveness of Print and Electronic media – A Review of Literature

Supriya Tandon Management 90-91

34 Green Marketing: A Study of Consumer Buying Behavior with regards to Eco-friendly products in Gujarat

Prof. Ankit Gandhi,Dr. Ashvin H. Solanki

Management 92-95

35 Perceived relational satisfaction of employees in Traditional banks of Kerala with their Counterparts in MNCs, New Generation Banks, IT professionals, Entrepreneurs and Persons working abroad

Dr. P. M. Ferose,Pro.Saji Kuriakose

Organisational Behaviour

96-98

36 Ageing Population in India: Its Implications D.Kodandarami Reddy,Dr.T.Chandrasekarayya

Social Sciences 99-101

Volume : 1 | Issue : 6 | June 2012 ISSN - 2250-1991

PARIPEX - INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH X 7

Research Paper

* Assistant Professor, University Inst. of Applied Management Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh

** Research Scholar, Dept. of Commerce, University of Jammu, Jammu

Keywords : Validation, reliability, validity

Commerce

Scale Validation of TQM Construct inManagement Education

* Ms. Rachita Sambyal ** Ms. Preeti Salathia

In the wake of service competition and increasing students expectations, management institutes have realised the importance of implementing quality practices to attract new customers,boosting student loyalty, increasing student contentment and amplifying share in the market. In the present paper leadership & commitment of top management, faculty competence & skill, innovative & updated curriculum, infrastructure facilities, library services, supporting services and interaction with stakeholders constructs have been developed and validated in predicting overall service quality in public and private management institutes in J&K State. These measures are tested for reliability and validity using perceptual data collected on census basis from 166 students of five management institutes. The results apart from providing validated construct, enticed several practical implications for management of the institutes.

ABSTRACT

1.1 INTRODUCTIONTotal quality management has generally been recognized as a major innovation in management thought and has gained widespread acceptance in business and industry. The impor-tance of quality services in management education for the development of dedicated, committed, devoted and profes-sionally sound personnel is imperative for organisational pro-ductivity, decrease in cost, building customer satisfaction & profits to organisations (Sanchez et al., 2007 and Cua et al., 2001). Quality management in education sector is an impor-tant competitive priority which has shifted from manufacturing to service arena (Pariseau & McDaniel, 1997) and now being widely practised by educational institutes, banking, finance, health services, restaurant etc. for gaining edge over their competitors (Mizuno, 1988), customer attraction (Mahapatra & Khan, 2007),customer satisfaction ( Soderlund, 1998) and customer retention (Keaveney, 1995). Sustainability of an organisation is affected by its ability to meet customer-per-ceived service quality (Ling et al., 2010). Many quality awards such as Deming Prize in Japan, the Malcolm Baldrige Nation-al Quality Award in U.S.A. and the European Quality Award (EQA) in Europe are being awarded annually for achieving excellence in quality. Mizikaci (2006) opined that, quality sys-tems adapted from business and industry operations need to be reoriented and reinstalled for professional education con-ditions as education of the student is the product and its suc-cessful completion requires employability as manager, worker or co-managing the learning process. Feigenbaum (1993) believes that quality is “invisible” and is reflected in the ac-tion, decision-making and thoughts of managers, engineers, workers and faculty members. Campell and Rozsnayi (2007) have defined the concept of quality of professional education in excellence, zero errors, transformation , enhancement and improvement.

1.2 REVIEW OF LITERATUREThe three pillars of any higher education institution are: qual-ity of faculty, infrastructure facilities and learning environment. Venkatraman (2007) opined that customer in professional education must be regarded stakeholders’ such as students and society. Chen et al. (2006) have adapted Importance – Satisfaction model (I-S model) in higher education illustrating

quality improvement in terms of faculty satisfaction. Kimini et al. (2011) found administrative quality, academic quality, pro-gram quality, students support and availability of resources are the most important dimensions that determine the service quality.

Ling et al. (2010) considered reputation of the tertiary in-stitution & academic programme as the most important & influential antecedent in affecting the overall students’ per-ceived quality. Kwek (2010) suggested various strategies like prompt handling of students queries by librarians, increasing staff responsiveness towards students’ requests, mainte-nance of the practicability of the curriculum and increasing the amount of students’ recreational activities for improving perceived service quality among the students. Aqlan et al. (2010) emphasised on strategic plan for improving quality of teaching-learning process. Tsinidou et al. (2010) enticed the various factors like communication skills, approachabil-ity, clear guidelines & advice, friendliness, availability of text-books & journals, easy borrowing process, variety in elective modules, spacious classrooms & laboratories, regular career counselling and linkages with businesses influencing quality of academic staff & administration. Mahralizadeh and Safaee-moghaddam (2010) concluded acceptance of responsibility for quality by the top management, customer orientation, high level of employee participation, open & effective communica-tion, fact based management and strategic quality planning for improving quality in higher education. In the present paper leadership & commitment of top management, faculty compe-tence & skill, innovative & updated curriculum, infrastructure facilities, library services, supporting services and interaction with stakeholders constructs have been developed and vali-dated in predicting overall quality in management institutes in J&K State.

1.4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGYBoth primary and secondary source of information are used in order to collect the pertinent information and literature. Total of 200 questionnaires are distributed to 1 public and 4 private management institutes in J&K State. However, 172 questionnaires are received back but only 166 are found to be complete which makes the effective response rate of 83%

Volume : 1 | Issue : 6 | June 2012 ISSN - 2250-1991

8 X PARIPEX - INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH

and so they were used for further analysis. The collected re-sponses are reduced into few manageable and meaningful sets through factor analysis (SPSS, 16.0 version) carried with Principal Component Analysis along with Orthogonal Rotation procedure of Varimax for summarising the original informa-tion with minimum factors and optimal coverage. The state-ments with factor loading less than 0.5 and Eigen value less than 1.00 are ignored for the subsequent analysis (Hair et al., 2006). The statements retained after purification are leader-ship & commitment of top management (6), faculty compe-tence & skill (6) innovative & updated curriculum (4), infra-structure facilities (5), library services (4), supporting services (8) and interaction with stakeholders (6). To operationalise the constructs, the following properties of the measures are con-sidered: reliability (internal consistency of operationalisation) and validity (content, construct, convergent and discriminant validity). The instrument that will be developed in this study consists of 7 scales (45 items). Table 1 presents the descrip-tive statistics for the scales that are empirically tested and validated.

1.4 : ITEM ANALYSISIt was carried to ascertain whether items have been appro-priately assigned to scale. This has been judged through cor-relation of each item with the scale. Table 2 presents the cor-relation matrix for the 7 scales and their measurement items. As is readily apparent from the table, the items are highly cor-related with the scales they intend to measure. Any correla-tion score of less than 0.5 indicates that the associated item can not explain adequately the variance with the rest of the items in that scale.

1.5: REALIBILITYReliability is the extent to which a variable or set of variables is consistent in what it is intended to measure

(Hair et al., 2005). The reliability of scale items have been tested by checking the internal consistency of the data with the help of Cronbach’s alpha values. Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.70 or above implies strong scale reliability (Cronbach, 1951) The Cronbach’s alpha of all the scale items are above 0.70 (Table 3) and varies between minimum of 0.766 ( In-novative & updated curriculum) to highest 0.871 (Supporting services)

CONCLUSION AND MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONPrivate management institutes should encourage its faculty to undergo some research work in their specialised areas and for this, duty leave & reimbursement of travelling expenses at least once in a year should be borne by the institute. In addition, some annual increment in salary ought to be linked with research work of faculty. Curriculum must be divided into subject based time table and weekly work plan be distributed among students well in advance. Smart classrooms, video conferencing facilities, EDUSAT facilities, industry-linkage programmes, collaboration with reputed national manage-ment institutes be established for knowledge sharing and getting best of their experiences. The institutes should have internal Academic Performance Analysis Cell (APAC) for enhancing quality in the educational process. All institutes should have web based portal which can be accessed by the students and faculty of the institutes for timely dissemination of information & knowledge sharing. Public management in-stitutes should not prepare students from academic point of view only but also enable them to face competitive exami-

nations. They should organise workshops once in a semes-ter to make students aware about various opportunities that are available to them and tell them about various strategies which can help them to perform well in competitive exams. Faculty and student exchange programmes with reputed management national and international institutes be initiated for knowledge acquisition & exchange. The syllabus should be framed according to the needs of business & society and course content should equip students with entrepreneurial skills towards job orientation & creation than becoming mere job seekers.

Table 1 : Descriptive characteristicsScale Items

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Leadership & commitment of top management

MeanS.D

2.911.17

2.771.91

2.891.16

2.701.36

2.821.27

2.731.24

Faculty competency and skill

MeanS.D

3.341.2

2.991.2

3.471.2

3.141.2

2.521.18

3.521.10

Innovative and updated curriculum

MeanS.D

3.61.16

3.291.08

3.351.10

3.751.19

Infrastructure facilities

MeanS.D

3.531.15

3.301.12

3.331.16

3.151.02

3.31.08

Library services MeanS.D

3.51.15

3.41.24

3.281.05

3.311.13

Supporting service MeanS.D

3.201.18

2.921.23

2.941.15

3.051.17

3.261.20

2.961.25

3.151.10

3.181.22

Interaction with stakeholders

MeanS.D

2.991.19

3.081.14

3.191.2

3.31.18

3.191.17

2.881.18

Table 2 : Item to scale correlation matrix

Scales Item No1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 .609 .724 .719 .788 .761 .8262 .772 .287 .640 .706 .718 .7213 .837 .780 .799 .6544 .784 .697 .738 .809 .7865 .749 .814 .787 .7296 .681 .710 .790 .756 .677 .684 .753 .7577 .845 .795 .711 .714 .747 .707 Table 3: Internal consistency of the scale

Description No. of items

Croanbach ‘s Alpha

Leadership & commitment of top Management 6 .835Faculty competency and skill 6 .776Innovative and updated curriculum 4 .766Infrastructure facilities 5 .819Library services 4 .771Supporting service 8 .871Interaction with stakeholders 6 .848 Table 4: Factor analysis of each scale

Scale

No. o

f fac

tors

MSA*

Total eigen value

Factor loading % of vari-ance ex-plained

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 1 .800 3.292 .829 .781 .761 .725 .724 .604 54.8732 1 .791 2.732 .762 .604 .733 .749 .741 .549 45.5363 1 .704 2.381 .854 .792 .807 .610 59.6254 1 .819 2.921 .777 .677 .736 .822 .801 58.4255 1 .712 2.376 .752 .809 .799 .720 59.3456 1 .872 4.235 .673 .709 .798 .762 .668 .675 .763 .761 52.9397 1 .853 3.421 .852 .808 .708 .708 .742 .699 57.015

*Kaiser-Meyer –Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy

REFERENCES

Ali, Murad and Shastri, Rajesh Kumar (2010), ‘Implementation of total quality management in higher education’, Asian Journal of Business Management, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 9-16. | Aqlan, Faisal; Al-Araidah, Omar and Al-Hawari, Tareek (2010), ‘Quality assurance and accreditation of engineering education in Jordan’, European Journal of Engineering Education, Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 311-323. | Bayraktar, E. (2006), ‘Designing higher education institutions as service organizations: a process oriented approach’, International Journal of Business, Management and Economics, 2(5), 15–27. | Brochado, Ana Oliveira (2009), ‘Comparing alternative instruments to measure service quality in higher education’, Quality Assurance in Education, Vol. 17, Issue 2, pp. 174-190. | Campell and Rozsnyani (2002), ‘Quality assurance and the development of course programs’, Papers on Higher Education, Unesco-CEPES, Bucharest. | Chen, S. H.; Yang, C. C; Shiau, J.Y. and Wang, H.H. (2006), ‘The development of an employee satisfaction model for higher michaels’, The TQM Magazine, Vol. 18, pp. 5-15. | Cronbach, L.J. (1951), ‘Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests’, Psychometrika, Vol.16(3), pp. 297–334. | Cuaa, Kristy O.; McKone, Kathleen E. and Schroeder, Roger G. ( 2001), ‘Relationships between implementation of TQM, JIT, and TPM and manufacturing performance’, Journal of Operations Management ,Vol.9, pp. 675–694. | Feigenbaum (1993), ‘Total quality control: engineering and management’, McGraw-Hill, New York.

Volume : 1 | Issue : 6 | June 2012 ISSN - 2250-1991

102 X PARIPEX - INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH