independent learning
DESCRIPTION
Independent LearningTRANSCRIPT
INDEPENDENT LEARNING THE LEARNERS ARE START TO MAKE
MEANINGFULL CONECTION WITH THE WORLD OUTSIDE THE CLASSROOM.
THEY TAKE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THINKING AND LEARNING FOR THEM
THE LEARNERS ARE SELF-DIRECTED , SELF-MOTIVATED AND CAPABLE OF LEARNING WITHOUT OF A TEACHER
Characteristics of dependent and
independent learners Dependent learners Independent learners
rely heavily on the teacher are self-reliant
cannot make decisions about their learning
can make informed decisions about their learning
do not know their own strengths and weaknesses
are aware of their strengths and weaknesses
do not connect classroom learning with the real world
connect classroom learning with the real world
think that the teacher is wholly responsible for their learning
take responsibility for their own learning? know about different strategies for learning
do not know the best way to learn something
plan their learning and set goals
do not set learning goals? will only work when extrinsic motivators such as grades or rewards are offered
are intrinsically motivated by making progress in learning
do not reflect on how well they are learning and the reasons
often reflect on the learning process and their own progress
WHAT IS LEARNER INDEPENDENCE LEANER AUTONOMY INDEPENDENT LEARNING LIFELONG LEARNING LEARNING TO LEARN THINKING SKILLS
ALL THESE TERM REFER TO A CONCEPT WHERE LEANERS ARE INVOLVED IN THEIR OWN LEARNING PROCESS
Adult
Learning
Learning Process
LearnerINPUTS
INPUTS
INPUTS
INPUTS
INPUTS
Environment
OUTCOMES
OUTCOMES
OUTCOMES
Lost
Exercise
In order to present successful training programs, particularly to diverse audiences with different training needs, trainers need to be able to adapt course material to accommodate various adult learning styles.
Principles of Adult Learning
Need to know how adults learn best. Adult learners have special needs. Six characteristics of adult learners.
Are autonomous and self-directed.Have a foundation of life experiences and knowledge.Are goal-oriented.Are relevancy-oriented.Are practical.Need to be shown respect.
Adult Learners .
Self-directed learning Learners can be empowered to take more
responsibility Self-direction exists in every person and learning
situation – to some extent Self-directed learning does not necessarily take
place in isolation from others Self-directed learners appear able to transfer
learning to another situation Various activities: self-guided reading, internship,
electronic dialogues, reflective writing Teachers still have a role In practice mostly found in open learning or non-
credit programs
A Study by Houle (1961)
Categories of learners: goal-oriented learners activity-oriented learners learning-oriented learners
The latter group was addressed then as “self-directed learners”
Knowles: Andragogy SDL assumes that humans grow in capacity
and need to be self-directing learners experience are rich resources for
learning individuals are learning what is required to
perform their evolving life tasks an adult’s natural orientation is task- or
problem-oriented learning self-directed learners are motivated by
various internal incentives
Tutoring self-directed learners
AuthorityMotivator
FacilitatorConsultant
Dependent
Interested
Involved
Self-directed
Towards the theory of SDL
Personal Responsibility Orientation (PRO) model by Brockett and Hiemstra (1991)
Personal Responsibility Characteristics of the teaching-learning
transaction Characteristics of the learner Factors within the social context
Adult Learners
Commit to learning when the goals and objectives are considered realistic and important.
Want to be the origin of their own learning.
Need concrete experiences to apply learning in real work.
Need feedback.
Key Principles of Adult Learning
Learners need to know:– Why, what, how?
– Self-concept of the learner:
• Self directed and autonomous.
– Prior experience of the learner:
• Resources, mental models.
Key Principles (cont.)
Readiness to learn:– Life related, developmental tasks.
Orientation to learning:– Problem centered, contextual.
Motivation to learn:– Internal, personal payoff, intrinsic value.