Independent Clause

An independent clause is a group of words that can stand on its own as a sentence: it has a subject, a verb, and is a complete thought.

Examples:• He ran. (Notice that while this sentence only contains two words, it

is still a complete sentence because it contains a one word subject and a one word predicate that is also a complete thought.)

• The paper does not specify which type of format it must be in.

Dependent Clause

A dependent clause is a group of words that also contains a subject and a verb, but it is not a complete thought. Because it is not a complete thought, a dependent clause cannot stand on its own as a sentence; it is dependent on being attached to an independent clause to form a sentence.

Examples:• Because I woke up late this morning… (what happened?)• When we arrived in class… (what occurred?)• If my neighbor does not pay his rent on time… (what will happen?)

Copy all; then do #1.Simple, Compound,

Complex Independent Clause Simple: Subject pink, Verb green The ballerina danced. The bonfire crackled and burned. Trish and Faith cooked Thanksgiving

Dinner.1. Write a simple sentence using a

compound subject and verb.

Subordinate MarkersThese make clauses

dependent.

after, although, as, as if, because, before, even if, even though, if, however, in order to, since, though, unless, until, whatever, when, whenever, whether, and while.

Complex Sentences

Dependent , Independent Independent + Dependent

Identify the dependent clause by underlining once and the independent by underlining twice.

Example: Sparkey barked when he saw a cat.

1. No one reacted to the phone when it rang.2. Although she was tired, she went to the

game.

Compound Sentences

1. Independent ; Independent 2. Independent , FANBOY

Independent

1. We ate the entire turkey; we were hungry.

2. We ate the entire turkey, but we were still hungry.

Appositive Phrases in Sentences

An appositive gives us additional information about a

noun. Louis Pasteur, a famous scientist,

conducted many experiments. The holistic nutritionist prepared a salad, a

vegetarian meal. I bought my friend, a girl of seventeen, a

camera.Directions: Identify the appositive phrase.1. My favorite sound is summer rain, a

relaxing sound.2. Plant the vegetables in the garden, a

warm, sunny place.

Identify the following sentences as simple, compound, complex, or an appositive phrase.

Write out the sentences. You may use notes/books.

1. I forgot my wallet, but I had cash in my purse. 2. Before I ate dinner, I finished my homework. 3. Tests are easy when I study. 4. I love my mom. 5. My dog, Millie, makes me laugh.

Underline all the prepositional phrases in the following sentence.

6. I ran through the parking lot, down the sidewalk and over the bridge to get to grandma’s house.

Answers Write out the sentences. You may use notes/books.

1. I forgot my wallet, but I had cash in my purse. Compound 2. Before I ate dinner, I finished my homework. Complex 3. Tests are easy when I study. Complex 4. I love my mom. Simple 5. My dog, Millie, makes me laugh. Appositive phrase/ simple sentence

Underline all the prepositional phrases in the following sentence.

6. I ran through the parking lot, down the sidewalk and over the bridge to get to grandma’s house

Answer the following Sentence Structure Questions

1. What two items do ALL clauses contain? 2. What is the difference between an

independent clause and a dependent clause?

A Complex sentence is made up of a ______ and a ______ clause.

A Compound sentence is made up of two __________ clauses.

What are two ways you can properly connect the two clauses in a compound sentence?

Their, There and They’re

Fill in the blank with the correct There, Their or

They’re 1. _______________ going to the game

tonight. 2. Would you put my latte over

________? 3. ____________ dog will not stop

barking. 4. I threw the dog’s ball _________. 5. I want _______________ sweaters.

Threw or ThroughThrew is an action-to throw.

Through is a preposition establishing a relationship

between things.

1. We went __________ the spooky cave.2. I made it __________ my final exams.3. I ___________ a huge fit when I lost my iPhone at the game.4. Terry made it _________ the triathlon.5. Marty __________ a no-hitter in the baseball game.

Its, and it’s

Its or It’s

1. _________ time to go to get pizza!2. The cat is hungry. That is ______

bowl over there.3. The jack ‘o lantern is beastly! ______

teeth look like razors.4. _________ my turn to host the

Halloween party this year.

Essential Question… What is the difference between an antecedent and

a pronoun? What is a pronoun? A pronoun takes the place

of a noun and sometimes refers to a noun. (example) He is riding a bike through the

park.Reasoning: The word "he" is a pronoun because it takes the place of a person.

What is an antecedent? An antecedent is a noun to which the pronoun refers. It usually goes before the pronoun ("ante" means before).

Even though the party was fun, it was crowded.Reasoning: "It" is the pronoun because it refers to the noun "party." And "party" is the antecedent because "party" is the noun to which "it," the pronoun, refers.

Pronoun/Antecedent agreement

Pronoun /antecedent agreement is when the pronoun agrees in number with its antecedent.

(Bad Example) When an employee does not agree with their boss's decision, the employee should not support that decision.

Since the antecedent (employee) is singular and the pronoun (their) is plural, the pronoun disagrees with the antecedent

(good example) When an employee does not agree with his boss's decision, the employee should not support that decision.

Pronoun/Antecedent Practice

Which one of these underlined words is the antecedent?

1. Homeowners fret over their tax bills.

2. Its constant increases make the tax bill a dreaded document.

For #3 identify the pronoun by underlining once and the antecedent by underlining twice.

3. Misty is a good dog; she never makes a mess.

Exceptions

A compound antecedent joined by or or nor is singular if both elements are singular and is plural if both elements are plural.

Neither the cook nor the waiter could do his job until he understood the new computer system.

Neither the coaches nor the players were pleased by the performance of their team.

Awkward but correct

When one of the antecedents connected by or or nor is singular and the other plural, the pronoun agrees with the nearer antecedent Often, however, the result is awkward.

(Example 1) Either the supervisor or the operators will have their licenses suspended. [grammatically correct but at least slightly awkward]

(Example 2) Either the operators or the supervisor will have his license suspended, [grammatically correct but very awkward]

(Example 3) The licenses of either the operators or the supervisor will be suspended . [rewritten to reduce awkwardness]

Prepositional and Appositive Phrases IN THE GRAMMAR SECTION OF YOUR

NOTEBOOK! A prepositional phrase starts with a preposition and ends

with a noun or pronoun. It relates that noun or pronoun to another word in the sentence.

1. Place the glass on the counter.2. Be in your desk when the bell rings.

An Appositive Phrase (review), identifies, renames or explains a noun or pronoun. Remember, it is set off with commas.

1. Katy, the team captain, led her team to victory. 2. The cat, a fat, furry and mean Tabby, was sitting on the counter

when I walked into the kitchen.

Today’s practices: Pages 8 (Part A and B) and 23 (1-10)in your Grammar Workbooks. 1. When you finish, keep your papers. 2. We will grade as a class. (20 minutes). 3. Write on your own paper.

To, Too and Two: in your notes!

Were is a past form of the verb to be. We're is a contraction of we are. Where refers to a

place.

(a) ______ going to Savannah for St. Patrick's Day.

(b) We don't know ______ we'll be staying.

(c) Last year we ______ forced to sleep in the van.

(d)What should I _______ to the dinner?