Independence- India and South Africa

Ms. HuntUnit 6

RMS 2012-2013

British Rule

• 1858 Britain established Direct Rule over India– Indian Princes could still govern as long as they swore

allegiance to Great Britain– Puppet Government

• Created harsh taxes • Laws against Indian rights• Britain used the resources of Indian to enrich the

British Empire– Indian people soon resented the British government

Steps towards Independence• Indian National Congress- 1885– Goal- Equal status for Indians

• Soon began working towards independence

The Muslim League

• Believed in a free India• Feared that because of

their non-Hindu beliefs they would not receive fair treatment once independence was achieved

• Goal- free India should be split into 2 countries – 1 Hindu based – 1 Muslim based

Gandhi- The Father of Modern India

• Born in India, 1869– Family was Jainist (Belief of

non-violence)• Studied law in England• Practiced Hinduism but

influenced by Christianity and Islam through studies

• 1915- Convinced the Natl. Congress to use only a non-violent method for independence– Hold marches, boycott

British products and taxes*Assassinated in 1948

Independence• Achieved in 1947• Separated into 2 nations (Partition)– India- Hindu centered– Pakistan- Muslim centered

• Separated again into Pakistan and Bangladesh• People still migrated where they wish

causing old rivalries to start up– About 1 million people were killed because of

old issues• Conflict between India and Pakistan still

occurs today but is not violent

South Africa• First Europeans- Dutch East India Company-

1652• First descendants of Dutch Invaders who

farmed- Boers (Europeans)• Afrikaners- European descendants who spoke

native language• 1820 British takes control of Cape Colony• Boer War 1902- British vs. Boers for control• 1910 South Africa becomes officially a

member of the British Empire

Apartheid• Afrikaners and English-

European descendants controlled South Africa

• Apartheid- strict set of segregation laws separating races.– Different schools and

neighborhoods for each race

– “White” social class made up only 20% but controlled the government

Effects of Apartheid• Sanctions (economic rules) on South Africa

because of apartheid• South Africa banned from the Olympics for over

30 years• African National Congress- against apartheid– Hosted boycotts– Strikes– Marches

• Over 70 years of apartheid during South Africa’s history– Apartheid ended in 1991

Independence

• 1948 Afrikaners vs. British election– Afrikaners won control of South Africa, allowing

for independent rule

• 1994- First free multiracial election held• Nelson Mandela- first native president of

South Africa– 30 years in prison for apartheid resistance– Noble Peace Prize winner

Independence Cartoons• Each partner group will have 1 piece of copy paper.• Fold your paper hotdog style and cut down the fold.

(One half to each partner)• Fold the paper into 3 boxes.• Through your panels tell a story about the struggle

for independence in India or South Africa. (Your partner and you may not choose the same country.)

• Each pane must have caption boxes with character speech and clearly outline an event in history.

• Your cartoon must be colored and neat!• Glue your work into your Interactive Notebook when

you are done then… read Red Scarf Girl!