independence in latin america
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Independence in Latin America. Social Classes in Colonial Latin America. Very strict class system Highest Class - Peninsulares – these were Europeans, born in Europe and educated in Europe They were the viceroys and high government and church officials - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
INDEPENDENCE IN LATIN AMERICA
Social Classes in Colonial Latin America
Very strict class systemHighest Class - Peninsulares – these
were Europeans, born in Europe and educated in Europe
They were the viceroys and high government and church officials
Second Class – Criollos (Creoles) – these were the children of Europeans, BUT they were born and raised in Latin America.
They were wealthy and educated but they didn’t get the top jobs in government.
3rd Class – Mestizo – Far below the first two classes.
Mestizo were shop owners, farmers and overseers at mines
4th Class – Natives – Often raised crops on their own lands,
in their own villages.5th Class – Free Blacks
Became workers and laborersLowest Class – Slaves- They were sometimes allowed to buy
their own freedom
Peninsulares
Criollos (Creoles)
Mestizo
Natives
Free Blacks
Slaves
Which group do you think would not want
independence?Peninsulares
Does this class system still exist? Last 3 presidents of
Mexico
Ernesto Zedillo
Vincente Fox Felipe Calderon
Evo Morales - Bolivia
HAITI The first country to
gain independence Who did they get
independence from? FRANCEHow?
SLAVE REVOLT The revolution was led
by a slave… Toussant L’Overture In 1800 he kicked all
foreigners out of Haiti (Hispaniola)
Who was emperor of France at that time?Napoleon Bonaparte
The fight for Haiti In 1802 Napoleon sent
an army to Haiti. BUT, most of the army
died of yellow fever. They all ran away!! Napoleon was too busy
to care to send another army.
In 1804, Haiti declared independence!
Venezuela Who did they get
their independence from?
Spain How?
Simon Bolivar Simon Bolivar came from
a wealthy Creole family He was educated in
Europe after the French Revolution
In 1807 he joined revolutionaries in Venezuela
They got money and guns from Haiti
They finally won independence in 1816!
Mexico Who did they get their
independence from? Spain How?
Father Miguel Hidalgo He led a revolt
by natives and mestizo against the government
He was captured and executed in 1811
He is known as the Father of the Nation of Mexico
Mexico gains Independence
Other leaders kept up the fight.
Mexico got its independence in 1821
Declared itself a republic
Wrote a constitution in 1823
The States of the Mexican Republic
BrazilWho did they get their independence from?
PortugalHere’s the story…King John VI (the sixth) was the king of Portugal BUT, Napoleon was taking over Europe at that time.King John left Portugal and moved to his colony in Brazil to escape Napoleon
“Run away! Run
away!”
When Napoleon was gone (1821) King John returned to Portugal.
He left his son, Pedro in charge.
King John had advice for his son…
“If Brazil wants independence give
them independence, BUT make yourself
King of Brazil.”
So, Pedro becomes King of Brazil.”
It’s great to be the
king!
Pedro Accepts a ConstitutionPedro agreed to give the people of
Brazil a constitutionWhat did the constitution give them?
Most Brazilians got basic rightsThey set up an elected legislature
In 1889 Brazilians forced the king to step down.In 1889 Brazil declared itself a democratic republic.
Democratic Republic of Brazil