independence and nationalism.ppt

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Latin American Independence Movements 2.28.2011

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  • 1. Latin American Independence Movements2.28.2011

2. So, whats going on???

  • In 1800, most of Latin America was made up of colonies ruled by Spain and Portugal.
  • Inspired by events in North America and Europe (mainly the American and French revolutions), Latin American colonists were ready to fight for independence.

3. A few to look at

  • Haiti
    • Leader - Toussaint-Louverture
      • Haiti was the first Latin American colony to gain its independence.
      • Toussaint was a former slave.
      • France regained control of Haiti, but eventually gave up the colony.
  • Venezuela
    • Leader - Francisco de Miranda
      • Met Jefferson, Madison, and Paine
      • First in South America to rebel

4. What do these places have in common??

  • Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Ecuador, Bolivia
    • All were led by - Simn Bolvar
      • Known as The Liberator
      • Studied Locke, Voltaire, and Montesquieu
      • Bolivia was named to honor him
  • Argentina, Chile, Peru
    • Leader - Jos de San Martn
      • Parents were peninsulares; mother was Spanish nobility
      • Led Army of the Andes over the Andes Mountains to liberate Chile

5. Where is Latin America anyway?

  • The termLatin Americais used to describe the vast area in the Western Hemisphere south of the United States that includes Mexico, Central America, South America, and islands in the West Indies.

6. The Big five

  • These 5 countries all had colonies in Latin America
    • Great Britain
    • Netherlands
    • France
    • Portugal
    • Spain

7. When and Why???

  • By 1830 most of Latin America became independent.
  • They were inspired to fight by the American and French revolutions
  • Haiti was first go become independent

8. Sounds great, Right?

  • Well, not really
  • Although most Latin American colonies had won their independence, democracy was not established in many areas. The reason is that these new Latin American nations had no history of electing representatives, passing laws, or charting their political future. What was the result of this?
  • The result was that through the first half of the nineteenth century, many governments in Latin America became military dictatorships.

9. Didnt America do the same thing and it worked out great?

  • Well
    • The English monarchs allowed their colonies in North America a degree of self-rule. The American colonists, therefore, had some experience in ruling themselves. Spanish and Portuguese monarchs did not allow their colonies to govern themselves. Latin American colonists, therefore, had no experience in ruling themselves.

10. What about Mexico?

  • Father Hidalgo sees suffering of Indians and mestizos. He admires the ideas of Enlightenment philosophers and the French Revolution.
  • Father Hidalgo gives a speech in Dolores that stirs Indians and mestizos to revolt. Creoles join forces with Spain against them in a civil war.
  • Father Morales leads Mexicans after Hidalgos death. Creole officer Iturbide defeats Morelos and his troops.
  • Unrest in Spain prompts Creoles to support the cause of independence from Spain. Led by Iturbide, Mexico declares its independence.

11. Nationalism in Europe 2.28.2011 And now were going to shift gears a little bit here 12. So, Whats the little guy up to?

  • Napoleons conquest of northern Italy created feelings of nationalism in the people who inhabited the Italian Peninsula. They began to experience a new sense of unity in their shared dislike of being ruled by the French.

13. What are the other leaders up to? 14. And when Napoleon invaded Germany what did the German people think?

  • People felt a new sense of unity in their opposition to the French. They began to take pride in their heritage and spirit as Germans.

15. Otto von Bismarck

  • Goal: Make Prussia a powerful state
    • Tactics
      • Overcome Prussias rival Austria
      • Create a confederation of German states with Prussia having the most power
      • Give all male citizens the right to vote in a new parliament, but keep the power in the monarchy
  • Goal: Draw the remaining German states away from Austria
    • Tactics
      • Start a war with France
      • Use German dislike of the French to draw smaller German states to Prussias side

16.

  • After Germany captured Paris, Bismarck declared the birth of the German Empire.
  • Prussias king became Kaiser Wilhelm I.
  • France was forced to pay Germany five billion francs and turn over Alsace and Lorraine, two mostly German-speaking provinces.

17.

  • Why did Bismarck want Alsace and Lorraine??
    • They were rich in iron and coal, which Bismarck wanted for German industry.

18. What did Germany do with the money and land taken from France?

  • Germany wanted to be a military and industrial power
    • Germany introduced educational innovation with government-sponsored technical schools.
    • German students learned to do scientific research that prepared them to develop new ideas and products.
    • Germany produced new machines of war.

19. A little Vocab:

  • militarism-the glorification of military might; glorifying the military might of ones nation
    • Militarism increased in European nations in the decades after German unification.
  • The unification of Italy and Germany changed the map of Europe. The two new nations did away with many little kingdoms, duchies, and city-states. Growing feelings of nationalism had caused much of this change.
  • Nationalism -the strong sense of attachment or belonging to ones own country