indentification and mapping of encroachment at plot level for ......scheme of uttar pradesh housing...

Indentification and Mapping of Encroachment at

Plot Level for Delhi-Saharanpur Road Housing

Scheme of Uttar Pradesh Awas Vikas Parishad,

Ghaziabad, India, using Worldview Satellite Data,

GIS & GPS Techniques

Virendra Kumar1, Kamlesh Bhalavi

1 & Anugya

2

1Remote Sensing Applications Centre-Uttar Pradesh

2 Banasthali Vidyapith, Jaipur, Rajasthan

Abstract - In India, Cadastre represents a land parcel which

reflects the entitlement of land holding , area of the land and

landuse of that land parcel. In cities or in alignment of road

on goverment/ privite land, encroachment/ unauthorized

construction has become a common practice by people in our

country. Therefore taking quantative information, like area

and extent from these maps may sometimes give enormous

information about the land holdings. Most importantly,

acquiring the land and making a landuse plan for housing

scheme requires the accurate information related to

encroachment, keeping in view the objective of providing

accurate information on encroachment at plot level, World

View satellite’s 50 cm resolution data was used in present

study. The study has been carried out in five villages in

alignment/both side of Delhi-Saharanpur road housing

scheme of Uttar Pradesh Housing Board, Ghaziabad, India.

The study area covers 12.50 sq km, where housing scheme is

proposed. It has been found that there is a lot of

encroachment at various plot, which has been acquired by

U.P. Housing Board, Ghaziabad for development of

resedential colony.

Key Words- World View Satellite High Resolution Data,

Cadastre, Enroachment, GIS And GPS Techniques

INTRODUCTION

In India, Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state. Which is

having 724 urban local bodies i.e. Nagar Panchayat /

Nagarpalika Parishad / municipal corporations including

cantonment board & industrial township and around 2.71

lakhs of villages as per Census of India, 2011, with 19.91

crore of total population. Various cities/ towns of the state

have achieved the status of first class towns/ cities in the

recent years and 7933 cities are reported in our country

accordingly. (Kumar, V. 2012). Due to excessive pressure

of population, rapid urbanization took place and as

resultant, numbers of colonies has been developed by

development authorities. These colonies has been taken up

by urban local bodies as a resultant the urban density of the

state is now reported around 4937, where the average

density of the state is 473

person per sq. km, and there is an

increased need of housing in cities. In this context to fulfill

the housing need, the role of urban planning agencies is

becoming increasingly more complex and extending to a

wider range of activities, that’s why urban development

authorities are acquiring land for development of colonies.

(Gopalan, A.K.S. 2009), fine spatial resolution allows

small objects to be seen and mapped, special choice of

spectral bands enhances the discriminating ability between

the land covers. Over the years satellite based remote

sensing data have been successfully utilized for

identification, mapping and monitoring of encroachment in

conjunction with cadastral maps,

Geographical Information

System (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS).

(Rao

& Shekhar, 2000),

In India, cadastre is the basic unit to

provide plot wise reliable information regarding land

holding/land revenue system. But unfortunately these

cadastre are often quite old

(above thirty years old) and still

maintained on paper or cloth.

Geo-referencing and

overlaying of these cadastre on high resolution

data can

provide the

accurate information on

encroachment/unauthorized

construction at each and every

land holding. The present paper is an endeavor to analyze

the plot wise encroachment/built-up area at Delhi-

Saharanpur Road Housing Scheme of Housing

Development Board, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. The

digital database generated for the study area would be very

useful for urban planners/decision makers for proper land

use

planning and management.

OBJECTIVES

The

objective of the present study is identification and

mapping of encroachment/unauthorized construction at

proposed housing scheme of

Delhi-Saharanpur Road of

Awas Vikas Parishad, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh India

using high resolution remote sensing data cadastral maps,

International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

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( This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)

Vol. 4 Issue 01,January-2015

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Geographical Information System (GIS) and Global

Positioning System (GPS) Techniques.

STUDY AREA Ghaziabad city is located in Western part

of Uttar Pradesh the area lies between latitude

28046’59.06”N to 28

050’2.196” N and longitude 77

0

14’44.513”E to 770

17’28” E. (Fig.1).Which is spread over

an area of 12.5 sq km approximately. The city is well

connected rail/road transportation system with all parts/

cites of India due to nearest city point with New Delhi, the

national capital of India. The study area also comes under

national capital Region on Delhi- Saharanpur road. The

present study has been taken for five villages (i.e Mandola,

Panchlok,Milak,Bamla and Nanu), which are in both sides

of delhi-Sarahnpur road near New Delhi.

Location Map of Study Area

Figure: 1

MATERIALS & DATA USED

Guide map of Ghaziabad city on1:20,000 scale.

Cadastral map of study area on 1:4,000 scales.

Worldview-2 Satellite’s (Pan plus Multispectral

merged) 50 cm resolution data acquired in November,

2011.

Ground Truth data.

Survey of India topographical map sheet no. 53H/5 of

Ghaziabad and its environs on 1:25000/1:50000 scales

surveyed between 1966-67 and 1972.

SOFTWARE & EQUIPMENT

Arc-GIS 10.1 v.

G.P.S-Mobile Mapper Field & Office Software

10.0 v.

METHODOLOGY

The procedure followed for identification and mapping of

encroachment area on 1:1,000 scales and for preparation of

digital database using remote sensing and GIS techniques

is discussed in brief as under:

The Delhi-Saharanpur Road Scheme area acquired by U.P.

Awas Vikas Parishad Ghaziabad is mapped in this project

using remote sensing & Geographical Information System

(GIS) and Global Positioning System-Mobile Mapper Field

& Office Software (GPS). This project work is carried out

to prepare detailed information for mapping and

monitoring the encroachment at plot level of the study area.

Cadastral map of the area collected from sponsoring

department, it was geo-referenced in conjunction with

Worldviews satellite data in GIS environment. After geo-

referencing of cadastral map, all available/collected maps

were corrected and geo-referenced to real earth coordinates

and the same projection of Universe Transverse Mercator

(UTM) and World Geodetic System 84 (WGS_84) was

given to each and every map. Cadastral map were also

vectorized and digitized and attributes coding of each and

every plots i.e. plot no. has been given. The road/transport-

network/city major/minor roads/streets, railway line, water

bodies, drainage/nala etc. were interpreted as a linear,

polygon feature using Arc-GIS software and Worldview 50

cm. resolution data and village names and important

locations were shown in base map. After preparation of

base map, the cadastral map was overlaid on high

resolution satellite data. Encroachment/unauthorized

construction existing in plots of study area have been

identified and demarcated using high resolution data in GIS

domain. The cadastral maps overlaid on rectified data have

also been further checked/verified on the ground for

conducting field survey for collection of field information

related to encroachment. A detailed ground truth

verification/field survey has been carried out with the help

of single frequency Global Positioning System- Mobile

Mapper Field & Office Software (GPS) to know the exact

location of unauthorized construction/land use with their

actual extent. The individual polygons have been given

attributes coding in GIS environment. After field survey of

the study area through DGPS, the data collected in field,

were converted into tabular format and they have been

matched and linked with digitized maps in GIS domain for

preparation of final map on 1:4,000/1:2,000 scales.

RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS

To create the digital database for Delhi-Saharanpur Road

Scheme of Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Base map at

cadastral level was prepared for generating information of

each and every plot. High resolution 50cm. imagery of

Worldview satellite (Pan plus Multispectral) data and SOI

topographical map sheet no. 53H/5 on 1:50,000 scales have

been used for identification, mapping of small features and

ground truth/G.P.S has also been use for data collection

purpose in study area. Base map showing road/transport-

network, city major/minor roads, railways line,

canal/distribution, river, drainage/nala, water bodies were

digitized on 1:1,000 scale and the final land use maps has

been used for field survey, composed on 1:4,000/1:2000

scale indicating total built up area indicating total built up

area including village settlement area of 0.85 Sq Km and

the area of power grid calculated as 0.47 Sq Km in GIS

domain. In cadastral map, total 3032 plots/land holdings

are digitized and attributes coded (Fig-2), out of which

small encroached units are identified and mapped in 156

plots. The no of these plots and encroached/built up/


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unauthorized construction area has been shown in Table-1

indicating the land holding no. Fig-3 shows the all small

land parcel overlaid on satellite data, which has been

encroached by the people in study area. The encroached

area in different plot has been calculated in GIS, and it is

231248.27 sq meter approximately. The entire study area is

splitted into 6 parts to show the transparency in

encroachment at each and every plot. Fig.4 to Fig.9 shows

the study area into 6 parts (from 1 to part 6). Fig. 4

represents the part 1, Fig.5 and onwards is representing the

study area map continuously from part-2 to 6, on which

the cadastral map with plot no. has been overlaid on

Worldview satellite’s 50cm spatial resolution data acquired

in November, 2011. The land cost for

residential/commercial/industrial and for other purposes/

land uses is very high due to coming this area under

National Capital Region (NCR) New Delhi.

RECOMMENDATIONS:

Before acquisition of land for residential colony

purpose by development authorities, prime agricultural

land should be avoided and the culture of vertical city

development is needed to fulfill the need of increased

housing in urban periphery.

Investigation of soil’s building load bearing capacity

should be compulsory for all govt. /private

construction companies to avoid the manmade disaster

like land subsidence.

Laws / standards of eco-city planning should be

compulsory for all govt. /private builders.

CONCLUSION

The remotely sensed data, Geographical Information

System (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) has

proved an effective tool in plot level rural/urban/cadastral

mapping, monitoring and analysis. The spatial extent of

various small construction units/encroachment identified

and interpreted at plot level for the study area will be useful

for planners and decision makers at micro level planning &

management. Furthermore, the development of intelligent

GIS with high resolution panchromatic & multispectral

data of Quickbird, IKONOS, Worldview, Worldviw-3,

Cartosat-1, Cartosat-2 & Geoeye may enable generating

parcel level land use/ land cover inventories necessary for

future/ sustainable development of land resource and may

facilitate monitoring the input of implementation of

suggested land use program in urban / rural area.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The author is grateful to U.P Housing Development Board

Ghaziabad unit to provide the funds to taken up this study.

The authors also acknowledge Sri Arvind Tripathi to assist

the staff involved in this project.

REFERENCES

Saini,Alok & Kumar, V.etal (2002), Evaluation of

High Resolution IKONOS Data for Updation ,

Rectification And Mosacing of Cadastral Maps.

International Confrence IAPRS &SIS, Vol.34, Part

7.”Resource and Environment Monitoring “Hyderabad

India, 2002.

Rao, T. Raja & Shekhar, P. Raj, 2000. Land Records

Computerization. GIS @development.Vol.

IV(4),pp.35-37.

Gopalan, A. K. S. (2009), High Resolution Imagery

for developmental Planning with spatial references to

development. [email protected]

http:/www.GISdevelopmentmet.net/ technology/ rs/

techrsr0014pf.htm.

Kumar, V. (2012), Unpublished Technical Report on

Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques for Mapping

Encroachment at Plot level for Delhi-Saharanpur Road

Scheme of U.P Awas Vikas Parishad, Ghaziabad.”

Remote Sensing Applications Centre – Uttar Pradesh,

Lucknow.

Census of India, 2011.


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S.No Plot No. Area sq.m

1 47 1897.859

2 64 89.003

3 79 17.786

4 93 20.942

5 95 20.942

6 96 11.613

7 101 8.156

8 104 16.304

9 113 17.872

10 117 27.246

11 144 27.246

12 146 209.271

13 115/116/114/150 15368.03

14 157 24.033

15 177 11.223

16 181 6.67

17 249 86.238

18 386 86.238

19 425 19.324

20 426/427 1435.482

21 440 21.783

22 453 11.514

23 454 15.448

24 456 185.763

25 457 153.8

26 458 62.425

27 459 38.778

28 478 9.814

29 479 88.848

30 490 8.668

31 491 9.756

32 493 10.564

33 499 6.439

34 524 10.731

35 527 1590.038

36 604 15.398

37 626 8.867

38 651 21.376

39 665 18.457

40 690 16.913

41 733 85.435

42 745 14.154

43 748 31.63

44 751 26.095

45 754 63.973

46 816 15.971

47 820 18.547

61 1440 233.98

62 1443 19.793

63 1452 661.097

64 1473 114.074

65 1474 178.424

66 1475 22.961

67 1476 60.953

68 1479 12.545

69 1483 33.91

70 1488 9.762

71 1490 16.916

72 1491 12.843

73 1515 15.407

74 1548 18.137

75 1551 901.542

76 1582 18.179

77 1587 13.338

78 1592 131.741

79 1680 66.901

80 1722 32.57

81 1733 22.982

82 1734 46.58

83 1736 252.382

84 1780 61.79

85 1782 38.189

86 1804/1803/1799 4376.956

87 1795 322.81

88 1796 134.672

89 1800 30.75

90 1822 14.367

91 1824 13.992

92 1830 43.841

93 1881 23.624

94 1910 11.065

95 1914 101.275

96 1919 53.39

97 2116 89.01

98 2287 18.456

99 2350 14.529

100 2354 13.109

101 2359 13.03

102 2365 13.643

103 2394 265.436

104 2397 21.267

105 2404 953.292

106 2463 16.685

107 2481 18.15

108 2492 22.726

109 2497 159.5

110 2501 20.093

111 2503 305.607

112 2537 1199.323

113 2541 31.176

48 864 72.496

49 1011 2104.513

50 1177 11.533

51 1197 17.494

52 1378 11.047

53 1406 131.014

54 1408 836.91

55 1411 176.245

56 1415 178.308

57 1426 4.496

58 1427 35.395

59 1428 229.709

60 1438 174.456

TABLE-1: PLOTWISE ENCROACHMENT/BUILT-UP AREA AT HOUSING SITE OF DELHI SAHARANPUR ROAD SCHEME, AWAS VIKAS PARISHAD GHAZIABAD,

UTTAR PRADESH

114 2558 148.332

115 2559 14.556

116 2576 1229.285

117 2613 363.769

118 2614 27.905

119 139/116/115/114 6889.612

120 141/142 510.981

121 1799/1803/1795/1804 4376.955

122 1806/1810/1809/1819/ 4954.539

123 202/203 2253.619

124 252/253/254/255/257/258 10963.785

125 2581/2580/2579/2584/2582/2583/ 161240.766

126 470/494 797.116

127 960/961 232.001

Total 231248.27


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Fig.2 Fig.3

Fig.4 Fig.5


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Fig.6 Fig.7

Fig.8 Fig.9


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indentification and mapping of encroachment at plot level for ......scheme of uttar pradesh housing...

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