Initial Environmental Examination May 2011

IND: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program — Dharwad

Prepared by the Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development and Finance Corporation, Government of Karnataka for the Asian Development Bank.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 27 March 2012)

Currency Unit – Indian rupees (Re/Rs) Re 1.00 = $ 51.055000

$1.00 = Rs 0.0195867202

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB : Asian Development Bank ASI : Archeological Survey of India

ASP : Activated Sludge Process

BM : Bituminous Macadam

DoEEF : Department of Ecology, Environment and Forests

EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment

EMP : Environmental Management Plan

EP Act : Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

FAL : Facultative Aerated Lagoon

GoI : Government of India

GoK : Government of Karnataka

GSB : Granular Sub-base

IEE : Initial Environmental Examination

KSPCB : Karnataka State Pollution Control Board

MLD : Million Litre per Day

MoEF : Ministry of Environment and Forests

MSL : Mean Sea Level

MSS : Mix Seal Surface

NKUSIP : North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program

NOC : No Objection Certificate

NOx : Oxides of Nitrogen

OM : Operations Manual

PCC : Profile Concrete Course

PWD : Public Works Department

SOx : Oxides of Sulphur

STP : Sewage Treatment Plant

RSPM : Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter

TSPM : Total Suspended Particulate Matter

WMM : Wet Mix Macadam

WRDO : Water Resource Development Organization

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

ha – hectare km – kilometer m – meter mm – millimeter

NOTES

(i) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. (ii) ―INR‖ and ―Rs‖ refer to Indian rupees

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page

I. INTRODUCTION 1

A. Background 1 B. Background of IEE 2 C. Environmental Regulatory Compliance 2 D. Purpose of Initial Environmental Examination 3 E. Scope of IEE 3 F. Report Structure 3

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVESTMENT PROGRAM COMPONENTS 3

A. NKUSIP Investment Program Goal 3 B. Need for Infrastructure Improvement in Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation

(HDMC) 6 C. Existing Basic Sanitation Infrastructure in Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation 7 D. Proposed Improvements in Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation 8 E. Investment Program Implementation Schedule 16 F. Investment Program Benefits 16 G. Investment Program Alternatives 16

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 17

A. Environmental Profile of Dharwad Municipal Corporation 17 B. Environmental Settings of Investment Program Component Sites 21

IV. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 22

A. Introduction 22 B. Pre-Construction Impacts 23 C. Construction Impacts 24 D. Operation and Maintenance Impacts 28

V. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 29

A. Overview 29 B. Addressal of Issues 30 C. Community Participation in Project Implementation 30 D. Information Disclosure 31 E. Redress of Grievances 31

VI. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS 32

A. Environment Management Plan 32 B. Sludge Management Plan 41 C. Institutional Requirements 42 D. Training Needs 46 E. Environmental Monitoring Plan 52 F. Cost Estimates of Environmental Management Plan 53

VII. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 54

A. Findings 54 B. Recommendations 54 C. Conclusions 55

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. The Government of Karnataka (GoK) through the Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development and Finance Corporation (KUIDFC) is implementing the North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Programme (NKUSIP) under the assistance of Asian Development Bank. The goal of the programme is to improve the level, quality and sustainability of basic urban services in selected Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), contributing to improved quality of life among the urban poor. NKUSIP will be implemented over a period of eight year beginning in 2008, and will be funded by a loan via the Multitranche Financing Facility (MFF) of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). 2. Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development & Finance Corporation (KUIDFC) is the nodal executing agency (EA) responsible for implementing NKUSIP. Investment Program implementation activities will be monitored by KUIDFC through a separate Investment Program Management Unit (PMU). The ultimate implementation responsibility lies with ULB in co ordination with various other Departments of GoK. 3. ADB requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of the Bank‘s operations, and the requirements for Environmental Assessment are described in ADB‘s SPS (2009). This states that ADB requires environmental assessment of all project loans, program loans, sector loans, sector development program loans, loans involving financial intermediaries, and private sector loans. 4. This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) has been prepared for the Dharwad UGD and STP Project, specifically for the improvement of the sewage collection, transportation and Treatment system. 5. An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is proposed as part of this report which includes (i) mitigation measures for significant environmental impacts during implementation, (ii) environmental monitoring program, and the responsible entities for mitigation, monitoring, and reporting; (iii) public consultation and information disclosure; and grievance redress mechanism. 6. Detailed design began in 2009 and completed in May 2011. Construction will begin in 2011, and will take around 24months. All civil works will be completed by 2013. 7. The subproject locations are located in the Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation limit of Karnataka State. Dharwad is located at N latitude 15o19' to 15o41' and E longitude of 75o15' to 75o36', at an altitude of 662.47 meters above mean sea level (MSL). The terrain is slopping from Dharwad towards Hubli. 8. The subproject locations are not located in areas prone to water-logging, salinasation, and flash flood. There are no protected areas, wetlands, mangroves, or estuarines in or near the subproject location. Trees, vegetation (mostly shrubs and grasses), and animals are those commonly found in urban areas. The subproject location are not located in or near any historically-, culturally-, archaeologically- or architecturally-significant or tourists area. 9. Potential negative impacts were identified in relation to construction and operation of the infrastructure. A number of impacts and their significance have already been reduced by amending the designs thus no impacts were identified as being due to the project design or location. Mitigation measures have been developed to reduce all negative impacts to acceptable levels.

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10. During the construction phase, impacts mainly arise from the need to dispose of moderate quantities of waste soil; and from the disturbance of residents, businesses, and traffic. These are common impacts of construction in urban areas, and there are well developed methods for their mitigation. 11. Once the system is operating, the facilities will operate with routine maintenance, which should not affect the environment. The impact to nearby environment is minimum. The system will discharge the treated effluents as per KSPCB standards and will benefit the individuals and public health with improvements in hygiene. This will reduce the incidence of disease associated with poor sanitation. This will also lead to economic gains as people will be less away from work and indirectly increase their income. 12. There were limited opportunities to provide environmental enhancements, but certain measures were included. For example it is proposed that the project will employ in the workforce people who live in the vicinity of construction sites to provide them with a short-term economic gain; and ensure that people employed in the longer term to maintain and operate the new facilities are residents of nearby communities. 13. Mitigation will be assured by a program of environmental monitoring conducted during construction and operation to ensure that all measures in the EMP are implemented and to determine whether the environment is protected as intended. This will include observations on- and off-site, document checks, and interviews with workers and beneficiaries, and any requirements for remedial action will be reported. 14. The stakeholders were involved in developing the IEE through face-to-face discussions on site and public meeting held at the STP site, after which views expressed were incorporated into the IEE and the planning and development of the project. A grievance redress mechanism involving an NGO and a Grievance Redress Committee at District level has been proposed under the project. 15. Therefore the subproject is unlikely to cause significant adverse impacts. The potential adverse impacts that are associated with design, construction, and operation can be mitigated to standard levels without difficulty through proper engineering design and the incorporation or application of recommended mitigation measures and procedures. Based on the findings of the IEE, the classification of the Project as Category ―B‖ is confirmed. It is concluded that the proposed construction of UGD and STP should proceed, with appropriate mitigation measures and monitoring programs identified in the IEE.

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Background

1. The Government of Karnataka is implementing the ADB assisted North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (NKUSIP) through Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development Finance Corporation (KUIDFC). The program goal is to facilitate economic growth in the towns of North Karnataka and bring about urban development through equitable distribution of urban basic services to the citizens that are environmentally sound and operationally sustainable. 2. The program is proposed to be implemented in a span of 8 years. Of this the pre execution phase is 16 months. The components of the program would be taken up in two phases. Phase 1 would comprise the works in Environmental sanitation, water supply, storm water drainage, poverty alleviation programs, and non municipal infrastructure (Fire and Emergency Services, Tourism Development, Youth and Sport Facilities and Information). Phase 2 would comprise the works in urban roads and improvement of lakes (Non-municipal Infrastructure). 3. The Government of Karnataka aims to improve the level of quality and sustainability of basic urban services especially the urban poor through the improvement of urban infrastructure with special emphasis on environmental sanitation. 4. The NKUSIP is consistent with GoIs urban reform objectives for the Tenth Plan period (2002-2007), which entails a reform agenda to initiate the process of:

(i) Enhancing the capacity of urban local bodies (ULBs) to assume their functions in accordance with the 74th Constitutional Amendment, with greater sustainability and accountability;

(ii) Strengthening local finances through rationalization and improvement of property tax, and levy of sufficient user charges;

(iii) Ensuring improved maintenance of existing assets; and (iv) Introducing better accounting and Financial Management practices. (v) The NKUSIP would provide the momentum for the overall reform process by

supporting these objectives in Karnataka and promoting the emergence of better functioning city.

5. KUIDFC supervises the investment on all components, through a Program Management Unit. The entire project is divided into four packages, for ease of operation and monitoring. The PMU is assisted in each package by a Program Consultant. The PMU is headed by an Executive Program Director based in Dharwad and have four Deputy Program Directors, one for each package. The works of each package is monitored by a Monitoring Committee headed by the District Commissioner of the Headquarters of each package. 6. The Dharwad Package (Package 1) of NKUSIP has six towns Hubli-Dharwad, Davangare, Ranebennur, Haveri, Gadag-Betegeri and Bijapur. Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited, Bangalore commenced working as the Program Consultant for the package-1 from 13 December 2008. 7. The Hubli-Dharwad conurbation comprises the city of Hubli, Dharwad and Navanagar Township. The twin city is the second largest urban centre in the state and is located on Pune-Bangalore National Highway (NH-4), in North Karnataka, about 400 kms north of Bangalore, the state capital. The cities are separated by a distance of 20 kms by a small township, Navanagar.

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The twin city is developing as an important trade centre in the district. It has good educational facilities. Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation is spread over an area of 202.3 sq km. The town extends to an area of 26.19 sq.km and house more than 7.86 lakhs 55,000 populations as per census 2001. 8. No sub projects were proposed in Tranche I of NKUSIP for Hubli-Dharwad. Underground Sewerage System and Sewage Treatment Plant for Hubli and Navanagar were included in Tranche II and the same for Dharwad City is included in Tranche III of NKUSIP. B. Background of IEE

9. Though the Investment Program aims to improve the environmental condition of urban areas, the proposed improvements of infrastructure facilities may exert certain adverse impacts on the natural environment. While developing urban infrastructure facilities, impacts during the construction stage are expected to be more severe than impacts during the operation phase, though for a short duration. Exceptions being some facilities such as sewage treatment plant, which may also exert adverse impacts during the operation phase also, if due care is not taken. Again, most of the impacts are activity-specific. However, if due care is taken during the construction phase, Investment Program negative impacts will be far outweighed by positive impacts. C. Environmental Regulatory Compliance

10. The components of NKUSIP include environmental sanitation infrastructure, water supply infrastructure, urban roads improvement, slum infrastructure, and non-municipal infrastructure projects. Sub-components proposed for Hubli- Dharwad Municipal Corporation (HDMC) in Tranche III, which fall under the ambit of environmental regulations and mandatory requirement, are indicated in Table 1.

Table 1: Environmental Regulatory Compliance of NKUSIP Components Sector Component Applicability of Acts

Guidelines Compliance Criteria

Sewerage and Sanitation Sewerage Treatment Plant Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974

Consent for Establishment and Consent for Operation from KSPCB

All sub components The Environment Policy and Operations Manual (OM) 20; Environemental Considerations in ADB Operation

Categorization of sub-project components into A, B, or C and developing required level of environmental assessment for each component

11. The above table indicates that as far as GoI and GoK Acts/Guidelines are concerned, the proposed Investment Programs do not need to go through environmental assessment process; however, as specified, few sub-project components may require consent from Competent Authorities. The ADB guidelines, on the other hand, stipulate addressing environmental concerns, if any, of a proposed activity in the initial stages of Investment Program preparation. For this, the ADB Guidelines categorizes the proposed components into various categories (A, B or C) to determine the level of environmental assessment required to address the potential impacts. Level of environmental assessment required for each category of Investment Program, as per ADB Safeguards Policy Statement (SPS), 2009 is presented below.

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(i) Category A: Sub-project components with potential for significant adverse environmental impacts. An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is required to address significant impacts.

(ii) Category B: Sub-project components judged to have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree and/or significance than those for Category A Investment Programs. An initial environmental examination (IEE) is required to determine whether significant environmental impacts warranting an EIA are likely. If an EIA is not needed, the IEE is regarded as the final environmental assessment report.

(iii) Category C: Sub-components unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts. No EIA or IEE is required, although environmental implications are still reviewed.

D. Purpose of Initial Environmental Examination

12. The NKUSIP Package I – Dharwad covers six sub-project towns. To fulfill the ADB‘s environmental assessment requirement for sector loans, the environmental assessment of sub-projects were carried out. Owing to the scale and nature of the proposed infrastructure components and environmental profile of the NKUSIP sub-project towns, prima facie almost all Investment Program components are unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts. 13. Therefore, as per the ADB Safeguards Policy Statement (SPS), 2009, the Sewerage sub- project components proposed in the Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation under NKUSIP are categorized as ‗B‘ and an initial environmental examination (IEE) has been carried out. E. Scope of IEE

14. The IEE was based mainly on secondary sources of information such as Detailed Project Report dated 17.06.2011, District Planning Map, Survey of India Toposheets, District Gazetteer, District Census Handbook etc and field reconnaissance surveys conducted during June 2011; no field monitoring (Environmental) survey was conducted. Stakeholder consultation was an integral part of the IEE. F. Report Structure

15. This Report contains eight (8) sections including this introductory section: (i) introduction; (ii) description of the investment program components; (iii) description of the environment; (iv) screening of potential environmental impacts and mitigation measures; (v) Institutional requirements and Environmental Management Plan; (vi) public consultation and information disclosure; (vii) finding and recommendation; and (viii) conclusions.

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVESTMENT PROGRAM COMPONENTS

A. NKUSIP Investment Program Goal

16. The North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (NKUSIP) will finance investment for (i) Environmental Sanitation Infrastructure; (ii) Water supply Infrastructure; (iii) Urban Roads Improvement; (iv) Poverty Alleviation; (v) Non- Municipal Infrastructure; (vi) Institutional Development; and (vii) Investment Program Assistance. The overall development goal of the NKUSIP is to facilitate economic growth in the towns of North Karnataka and bring about urban development through equitable distribution of urban basic services to the citizens that are environmentally sound and operationally sustainable. The development purpose is

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designed to assist Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) to ―promote good urban management, and develop and expand urban infrastructure to increase economic opportunities and to reduce vulnerability to environmental degradation and urban poverty‖. 17. Thus the Investment Program goal is to facilitate economic growth in the towns/cities of North Karnataka and bring about urban development though equitable distribution of urban basic services to the citizens that is environmentally sound and operationally sustainable. The following are the urban infrastructure components proposed under the NKUSIP.

(i) Water Supply; (ii) Sewerage; (iii) Urban Drainage and Flood Control; (iv) Urban Roads; (v) Poverty Alleviation; and, (vi) Non-Municipal Infrastructure (including Fire Services, Lake Development and

Tourism)

18. The Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation comprises the cities of Hubli and Dharwad, and Navnagar Township. The twin cities are located on Pune- Bangalore National Highway (NH-4), in North Karnataka, about 400 km north of Bangalore, the State capital and separated by a distance of 20 km. Navanagar, a small township, is located between the two cities. These two cities are among the 25 cities of the state of Karnataka where NKUSIP has been proposed. The location map of the investment program for Hubli-Dharwad is presented in Figure 1.

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Figure 1: Project Location, Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation

19. NKUSIP program for Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation is planned to be implemented in a course of 8 years as two phases – Phase 1 and Phase 2 targeting to meet the demand for the year 2041. Considering the immediate requirement, sewerage system upgradation in Hubli city with construction of Sewage Treatment plant was included in Tranche II. Sewerage system upgradation for Dharwad City with construction of STP is proposed under Tranche III. No sub projects were included in Tranche I for Hubli-Dharwad.

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B. Need for Infrastructure Improvement in Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation (HDMC)

20. Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation is spread over an area of 202.3 sq km and house more than 7.86 lakhs population as per census 2001. As the two cities were interdependent, a common municipal borough was constituted in 1925. It was established as a municipal corporation in 1962. With the aim of directing the trend of development towards each other, and to enforce an effectively single civic administration, the new township of Navanagar was planned midway between Hubli and Dharwad. The township is being developed by locating a number of offices, industries, and housing extensions. Also, the conurbation has been a regional trade center, with almost 55 percent of the population engaged in tertiary sector (25 percent in trade and commerce activities, 11 percent in transport, storage, etc. and 20 percent engaged in other services) thus accelerating population growth rapidly in the HDMC cities. Hence, providing basic amenities to ensure high level of performance in environmental safe guard is quite necessary to ensure a long term urban sustainability. A study conducted by Department of Forests, Ecology & Environment, Government of Karnataka, 2003 has shown that the cities in the state of Karnataka has poor environmental performance due to lagging in ensuring basic infrastructure facilities to the urban population.

1. Karnataka - Health Status

21. In addition to the associated environmental pollution, importantly, due to lack of safe and adequate water supply and sanitation facilities, the risk of infectious diseases through exposure to unhealthy environment runs high, particularly in the case of urban poor. The State of

Environment Report (SOER), 2003, Karnataka, brings out the fact that the lack of safe water supply and sanitation facilities is essentially leading to the health related consequences. The following are the important observations of the report.

(i) ―Loss of access to the safe drinking water and sanitation is a matter of great concern. It is estimated that 75 - 80% of water pollution by volume is caused by domestic sewage. The remaining is industrial waste water which could be more toxic. Due to improper drainage and lack of disposal facilities, industries and local bodies use large areas of land for disposal of wastewater‖

(ii) ―Adverse health effects are associated with ingestion of contaminated water, lack of access to sanitation, contact with unsafe water and improper management of water resources and agriculture. Infectious diarrhea makes the single largest contribution to the burden of disease associated with unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene. Besides the water borne diseases like cholera, jaundice, other gastrointestinal track infections are quite significant amongst the population‖.

(iii) ―These diseases occur in different parts of the state, mostly during summer when there is scarcity of drinking water and source water gets contaminated. The data maintained by Health and Family Welfare Department (2003) indicates that number of attacks for gastroenteritis, viral hepatitis and typhoid are increasing. The yearly occurrence of water borne diseases like cholera and gastroenteritis makes it very clear that environmental impact of water on health is very profound and significant.‖

Department of Forests, Ecology & Environment, Government of Karnataka has prepared the SOER 2003.

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Table 1: Water Borne / Related Diseases in Karnataka Year Gastroenteritis Cholera Leptospirosis Viral Hepatitis Typhoid

Total Fatal Total Fatal Total Fatal Total Fatal Total Fatal

1991 17455 691 747 16 - - 659 17 - -

1992 15262 608 402 14 - - 282 17 - -

1993 16206 855 424 13 - - 678 7 26047 1

1994 15932 325 304 10 - - 382 0 20349 0

1995 18645 396 532 38 - - 7146 1 10250 0

1996 22983 377 657 6 - - 1332 6 22221 12

1997 23665 361 714 10 67 2 1714 4 3880 5

1998 23881 501 434 2 1 0 3824 2 2435 0

1999 17743 126 134 3 54 2 4792 2 24356 1

2000 31132 265 354 3 3 1 3011 10 27210 0

2001 23893 198 342 1 68 7 5438 28 33346 6

2002 25218 146 384 0 27 0 4578 15 42936 2

Source: SOER, 2003.

22. Hence it is evident that the lack of efficient water supply, sewerage and sanitation facilities is leading to health consequences in the State. Considering the immediate attention required in improving the environmental quality of the HDMC cities with emphasis to public health the present program is proposed to initially invest on improving sewerage network and providing Sewage Treatment Plant for both Hubli and Dharwad. 23. The following section details the status of the existing drainage pattern and the sewerage disposal system in the HDMC cities. C. Existing Basic Sanitation Infrastructure in Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation

1. Existing Sewage Disposal System

24. Hubli-Dharwad has an underground drainage system (UGD) since 1950, which covers 40 percent of Hubli area and 30 percent of Dharwad area. Karnataka Urban Water Supply and Drainage Board (KUWSDB) have taken up the responsibility of providing sewerage and sanitation services in these twin cities. 25. In absence of a centralized sewage disposal system in the entire area, the toilets in the individual houses are connected to septic tanks with soak pits. The public toilets are connected to existing sewerage system if available nearby or to septic tanks with soak pits. As soak pits are not effective in dispersion of the effluent to subsurface, wastewater overflow from septic tanks into storm water drains and nallahs are common phenomenon. The public conveniences existing in the city are not adequate to serve the slum dwellers and the economically weaker section of the society. 26. The following components have been implemented as part of the existing drainage system in the HDMC cities.

(i) Individual Latrines: The household latrines are conventional water-flush latrines and low cost sanitation (LCS) units, both of which involve individual on-site disposal systems. The conventional water-flush latrines discharge night soil waste into septic tanks, while the LCS units have a twin-pit mode of disposal. The overflows from these disposal units are let out into the roadside storm water drains. Field visits to slums revealed that there is a lack of space for individual

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toilets in most slums in Hubli-Dharwad, which are densely built-up. Public toilets may therefore be the only feasible option.

(ii) Public Latrines: HDMC has built 183 community toilet units (120 toilet blocks and 63 urinal blocks) at various locations in the city. The toilet units comprise of 1010 seats. HDMC maintains public toilets in most of wards, however, a substantial number of public toilets lack maintenance and poses potential health hazards.

(iii) Pay and Use Toilets: There are 17 pay and use toilets, with 170 seats. The maintenance has been contracted out to a local Non Government Organization (NGO). The units have facilities of urinals, toilets and bathrooms. Pay-and-use public toilet facilities are provided at the 12 locations in Hubli and five locations at Dharwad.

2. Treatment Facilities

27. The city is not provided with Sewage Treatment facility. The sewage from the existing outfall sewer flows through the network of nallah‘s (natural drains) and collect in Gabbur nallah in Hubli and Madhihal nallah in Dharwad. The sewage is disposed into the open agricultural fields in south of Hubli and Dharwad, respectively. This sewage mixed with sullage is used by farmers for irrigation downstream. The use of raw sewage in the fields may cause clogging the pores in the soil, leading to prevention of the aeration of the root zone, which will affect the plant‘s growth and yield. The condition is generally known as soil sickness.

Table 3.:Details of Sanitation Facilities in HDMC Description Units Quantity

Actual Population Served % 55

Septic Tanks Nos. -

Low Cost Sanitation Units Nos. -

Public Conveniences Nos. 120

Public Toilets Nos. 63

Pay & Use Toilets Nos. 17

Total Seats Available Nos. 1280

Source: NKUSIP CLIP Report

D. Proposed Improvements in Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation

1. Sewage Generation of Dharwad City

28. Details of sewage generated in Dharwad City is presented in Table 4.

Table 4: Details of Sewage Generated in Dharwad City

Particulars Year

2011 2026 2041

Dharwad Population 311715 408026 518295

Water Supplied in MLD @135 lpcd 42 55 70

Sewage Generated in MLD @80% Water Supplied + 5% Infiltration flow

35 46 59

2. Catchments/Drainage Districts

29. The entire city area of Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Council is divided into two drainage districts. The Dharwad Drainage District includes wards 1 to 21 in the Dharwad City and the

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Hubli Drainage District includes Hubli City and Navanagar. 30. Dharwad Drainage District is divided into seven sewerage Zones. Trunk sewer alignment has been proposed by considering the topography of the city and major obstacles like National Highway and railway track. Zoning has been done in such a way that trunk sewer line has to cross NH and Railway line at very minimal points. Comprehensive plan for Sewerage system in Dharwad City is presented as Figure 2.

Figure 2: Comprehensive Plan of Sewerage System in Dharwad City

31. Zoning has been done considering the topography of Dharwad city. Since the city has a number of hillocks, four pumping stations are required in Ward No: 18, 19 & 20. Details of sewerage zones in Dharwad City are presented in Table 5.

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Table 5: Comprehensive Sewerage Plan for Dharwad City

SI No

Zone No

Draining to Projected Population Avg. Sewage Flow (MLD)

2011 2026 2041 2011 2026 2041

1 5 STP by gravity 31590 40774 56472 3.58 4.62 6.40

2 6* STP by gravity 112250 144358 182743 12.73 16.37 20.72

3 7 STP by gravity 44330 56596 68834 5.03 6.42 7.81

4 8A District 7 by pumping 14700 23568 37492 1.67 2.67 4.25

5 8B District 8A by pumping 7210 10824 15829 0.82 1.23 1.80

6 9 District 8A by pumping 36585 42016 46076 4.15 4.76 5.23

7 10* District 6 by pumping 65050 89890 110849 7.38 10.19 12.57

Grand Total 311715 408026 518295 35.35 46.27 58.77

* Works identified under NKUSIP.

32. Zoning is done in such a way that the sewage collected in District 10 is pumped to the nearest ridge manhole in District 6 and by gravity it reaches the STP proposed near the Govt. Veterinary Hospital. District 8A, 8B & 9 contains 1 pumping station each which pumps the collected sewage to the nearest ridge manhole and finally reaches by gravity to the proposed STP proposed near University of Agriculture Science in District 5.

3. Proposed Works under NKUSIP

a. Sewerage System

33. Under NKUSIP, the amount available for the execution of sewerage system in Dharwad town is 43.83 Cr. Out of that, 17.00 Crore is to be utilized for the construction of a 20 MLD STP. Hence the proposal for the works has been done in such a way that maximum coverage is possible with the balance amount (26.83 Crore). 34. Sewerage system for only Zone 6 and Zone 10 are included in the current proposal under NKUSIP due to limitation of fund. Sub and trunk sewers will be laid in entire Zone 6 and 10. Interceptors are proposed wherever the existing outfalls are not connected to sewer system. Rehabilitation planned based on the adequacy of the existing sewer. New laterals are proposed where the density of population is high. The details of proposed works are as follows: Zone 6 Trunk mains and Sub Mains - 12.01 km New laterals of length 2.64 km – 2.64 km Interceptors – 0.58 km Integration of existing system to the proposed system – 2.64 km Rehabilitation of existing sewer – 5.68 km Zone 10 Trunk mains and Sub Mains of length - 6.02 km New laterals of length – 1.61 km Integration of existing system to the proposed system - 2.34 km Rehabilitation of existing sewer – 1.51 km Pumping station – 1 no. Pumping main – 0.76 km 35. Zone-wise description of the proposed sewerage system is given below. 36. Zone 6: The North East area of the City separated by the ridge line along the Rasoolpur

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and Khaker Galli and the North West area separated by the ridge line from the Court Circle upto the boundary of Zone 5 near the Sub Urban Police Station forms Zone 6. 37. Trunk main 6 starts from the K C D Circle, passes through the K C D Road, Haliyal Road, Road infront of Old DSP office, Maratha Colony Road, Shivaji Circle, Saundatti Road, Madihal Nagar Road and reaches the STP location situated near the Govt. Veterinary Hospital

Figure 3: Sewerage System in Zone 6 of Dharwad City

38. Zone 10: The south side boundary of Zone 5, east side boundary of Zone 7 and the ridge line along Mal Maddi, Manjunath Nagar, the area along the NH like Vivekananda Nagar and Sattur Colony up to the Doddawad Refineries and Ambedkar colony forms Zone 10. 39. Trunk main 10 starts from Mal Maddi Gavali Galli, passes through Saraswatpur Masalgar Oni road, Kalakhatkki road, Kumareshwar 3 cross street, Vivekanand Nagar 3 Main road, Laxmi Nagar, Jannath Nagar and finally reaches the pumping station near the solid waste dumping yard near to Kolekeri Lake. A rising main of length 0.76 Km is proposed to pump the collected sewage to the nearest ridge manhole near Jay Bheem Nagar Lane in Ward no: 11 of Zone 6. 40. A pumping station is proposed in Zone 10 for pumping sewage to Zone 6. The land for proposed pumping station is an open land adjacent to Kolkeri Lake and it belongs to HDMC. It is located 15O 26‘ 15‖ North Latitude and 75 O 01‘ 01‘ E Longitude. The details of land for Pumping Station are as follows:

(i) Survey No.: 789/HYG (ii) Area of the Plot: 40m x 25m – 10Guntas (iii) Location Name: Near Burial Ground, on the side of Kolkeri lake.

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Figure 4: Sewerage System in Zone 10 of Dharwad City

Figure 5: Location of Pumping Station in Zone 10

b. Construction of 20 MLD STP near Govt. Veterinary Hospital at Madihal

41. A 20 MLD STP is proposed at about 4 acres of Government land available at Madihal, where an old Veterinary Hospital is situated. The location is at 15O 12‘ 18‘‘ N latitude and 75O 05‘ 45‘‘ E Longitude. Distance of proposed STP Units from the nearby Nalla is about 120 m and actual area requirement of STP units is 17,780.00 sq.m only. It has been proposed to dismantle the existing old Veterinary Hospital building which is not functioning and the land has already

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been transferred to HDMC to construct the STP Units. This available land can accommodate initially for the two no.s of 20MLD capacity STP and subsequently modular units can be added up to the ultimate requirement of 60MLD along with the internal roads, tree plantation and landscaping. 42. Considering the importance of the town, its growth trend and capacity requirements, the options that are worth considering for Dharwad City‘s STP are Activated Sludge Process (ASP) based conventional treatment plant and SBR/Cyclic Activated Sludge Technology (CAST)1 based plant. Advantages of the SBR/CAST system include: (i) equalization, primary clarification (in most cases), biological treatment, and secondary clarification can be achieved in a single reactor vessel; (ii) operating flexibility and control; (iii) minimal footprint; (iv) potential capital cost savings by eliminating clarifiers and other equipment. For 1 modular unit of SBR the land required will be about 4.0 (20 x 0.2) acres. Hence the land in possession at Madihal (Govt Veterinary Hospital) will be sufficient to accommodate the units required till the year 2041.

Process Flow Diagram of the SBR Technology for the Dharwad STP

43. The main advantage of the SBR plant is that the effluent shall be of high quality. It can be reused for landscaping. The effluent can also be recycled for flushing of toilets.

1 Influent wastewater generally passes through screens and grit removal prior to the SBR. The wastewater then

enters a partially filled reactor, containing biomass, which is acclimated to the wastewater constituents during preceding cycles. Once the reactor is full, it behaves like a conventional activated sludge system, but without a continuous influent or effluent flow. The aeration and mixing is discontinued after the biological reactions are complete, the biomass settles, and the treated supernatant is removed. After the SBR, the ―batch‖ of wastewater may flow to an equalization basin where the wastewater flowrate to additional unit processed can be is controlled at a determined rate. In some cases the wastewater is filtered to remove additional solids and then disinfected. the solids handling system may consist of a thickener and an aerobic digester. With SBRs there is no need for return activated sludge (RAS) pumps and primary sludge (PS) pumps like those associated with conventional activated sludge systems. With the SBR, there is typically only one sludge to handle.

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44. The construction of a SBR/CAST plant is recommended for Dharwad as HDMC can operate the plant with the required skill and maintain it.

Figure 6: Location Plan of STP at Madihal

Proposed Trunk

Sewer

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Figure 7: Layout Plan of STP at Madihal

4. Alternative Options for STP Construction at Dharwad

a. Alternative 1

45. Initially for intermediate requirement of whole district, STP comprising 2 units of 20 MLD each may be necessary totalling 40 MLD. Additional unit of 20 MLD can be added subsequently.

b. Alternative 2

46. The above calculation is based on the assumption that 100% collection system is in place. But in reality this may happen close to 2015. 47. A sensitivity analysis was carried out for determining the maximum coverage of population that can be achieved using the funds allotted (Rs.43.83 crore) under NKUSIP. It was found that by apportioning the amount between Hubli and Dharwad in proportion to the population in the twin city, the maximum coverage could be achieved. 48. The analysis also showed that in the ultimate design year of 2041, 46.22 MLD of flow can be expected to reach the STP in Hubli and 20.85 MLD of flow can be expected to reach the

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STP in Dharwad based on the existing system and the proposed extension. 49. Within the available funds a 20 MLD plant can be provided in Dharwad. This will correspond to the requirement of networks proposed to be rehabilitated, retained and newly laid under NKUSIP till 2026. Hence initially 1 unit of 20 MLD can be constructed. 50. Considering 80% of the sewer network connections, additional 1 unit of 5 MLD can be added in order to cater the 2041 requirement. The land available is sufficient to accommodate additional unit. 51. Based on the availability of land and funds, the second alternative only seems to be viable. E. Investment Program Implementation Schedule

52. Construction of sewerage system and STP in Dharwad City will begin in 2011, and will take around 24months. All civil works will be completed by 2013. F. Investment Program Benefits

53. In view of the lack of basic infrastructure facilities and its adverse impacts on the environment and also on socio-economic characteristics, the proposed Investment Program aims at providing infrastructure facilities such as providing a centralized sewerage collection and treatment system to overcome negative environmental impacts. Investment Program benefits and beneficiaries in the HDMC are provided below.

1. Sewerage System Improvements

54. Benefits arising from the provision of a well reticulated sewerage network and safe treatment and disposal of sewage comprise (i) reduced incidence of water-borne diseases and mosquito menace (ii) improvement in public health conditions with better sanitation; (iii) reduction in risks of ground water contamination; (iv) stoppage of sewage flow in open storm water drains and from stagnating sewage pools; (v) reduced risk of treated water supply contamination; (vi) reduced health risk of agricultural laborers due to usage of raw sewage for irrigation; (vii) reduced risk of contamination of agricultural fields; and (viii) availability of treated effluent for agricultural purposes. Investment Program beneficiaries will be households getting new connections through proposed sewer lines under this Investment Program. Households who are getting new connections will gain from improved environmental sanitation conditions through properly functioning sewerage system. G. Investment Program Alternatives

55. The environmental suitability of the proposed components are judged through the selected location and proposed process/technology during both the construction and operation phases. The interaction and the level of interference with the surrounding land use determine the environmental sustainability of the Investment Program components. However, the components proposed under NKUSIP are basic urban infrastructure services, most of which are location fixed providing scope for alternatives only in terms of technology, which again are limited. However, facilities such as sewage treatment plants offer variety of technologies. The following Table 6 shows environmental suitability of the selected alternative.

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Table 6: Investment Program Alternatives Sub-Component Suitability of Selected Alternative

Sewerage System

The best alternative for the sewerage system is to design the system based on gravity flow. The proposed gravity system will be simple in operation and require less man power and importantly does not require energy. The natural gravity is utilized to run the system. However, due to terrain limitation, a pumping station is proposed in Zone 10 as part of this program. There are various options to treat the wastewater to the standards of either river discharge or for land disposal after treatment. Options like Attached Growth Aerobic or Anaerobic Systems or Suspended Growth Systems may be adopted. As the twin towns are on fast growth stage, there are constraints on the availability of land for establishing STP. Further as the population is growing and there is considerable sewage generation, an efficient technology which can treat the sewage meeting discharge norms with least land requirement and moderate operation and maintenance cost has to be suggested. Based on these considerations, Sequencing Batch Reactor/Cyclic Activated Sludge Technology technology is proposed for Dharwad. Approx. 4 acres of land is under possession of ULB at Madihal which is surrounded by agricultural land where STP can be constructed. The site is ideally suited for STP as it is located at a lower level, with no settlements in the immediate vicinity.

Source: DPR for Sewage Treatment.

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

A. Environmental Profile of Dharwad Municipal Corporation

56. Dharwad Citiy is located in Dharwad District of Karnataka State. Dharwad district lies in the catchment area of the Tungabhadra and the Malaprabha rivers. The soil has been formed due to the mixture of many types of disintegrated rocks. The main profession of the people is agriculture. The main food crops cultivated are Jowar, Paddy and Wheat. Among the non-food crops Cotton, Groundnut, Chillies, Sugarcane and Safflower are important. This district is famous right from the beginning for Cotton. Grapes of Dharwad, Cashew and Mango of Malnad are also famous. The district is renowned for Cotton industry. Next to agriculture the main avocation is business.

1. Physiography

57. Dharwad is located at an altitude of 2,500 feet (762.19 m), above MSL. The terrain is slopping from Dharwad towards Hubli. Dharwad has better climatic condition. Dharwad has a number of hillocks.

2. Seismology

58. As per the seismic zoning map of India, Dharwad district falls under the Zone II, which is referred to as low damage earth quake risk zone in India.

3. Climatic Conditions

59. Dharwad district is characterized with hot summer months and low rainfalls during monsoon. The temperature varies between 420C during summer and 170C during winter. Generally, April and May are the hottest months while December to February is the coldest. The following Table shows the mean maximum and inimum temperature recorded in the region. As there was no meteorological observatory present at Dharwad, the data presented here is of

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the observatory located at Gadag, around 54 km east from Dharwad.

Table 7: Mean Maximum and Mean Minimum Temperature in Gadag Observatory

Month Long term normal (30 Years) – Mean (in O C) 2004 (Actual) – Mean (in O C)

Daily Max Daily Min Highest in a month

Lowest in a month

Max daily Min Daily

Jan 30.2 16.6 32.5 13.9 31.0 16.1

Feb 33 18.7 35.6 15.2 33.0 18.3

Mar 36.1 21.1 38.1 17.9 37.2 21.4

April 37.3 22.5 39.4 19.9 37.8 22.3

May 36.1 22.3 39.6 19.7 34.0 22.4

June 31.0 21.6 35.8 20.0 30.0 21.3

July 28.4 21.1 31.6 20.0 29.6 20.8

Aug 28.6 20.8 31.8 19.7 28.5 20.4

Sep 29.8 20.5 33.3 18.8 29.4 20.5

Oct 30.6 20.5 33.4 18.3 30.6 19.9

Nov 29.8 18.4 32.0 15.0 30.4 18.3

Dec 29.1 16.4 31.4 13.6 29.8 14.6

Source: Meteorological Centre, Bangalore.

60. The city experience southwest monsoon from June to September and the period between the months of October and November can be termed as post monsoon months. The city experience scanty rainfall and the long term annual average rainfall is 696 mm. The rainfall is confined and about 60 percent of the annual rainfall is received during the months of June to September. The maximum rainfall is registered during the month of August. The morning relative humidity (RH) varies from 51 to 87 percent while evening RH varies from16 to 67 percent; and the RH is generally higher during the southwest monsoon. 61. The region is continuously experiencing below normal rainfall from the last few years. The actual rainfall recorded in the year 2002 was 490 mm as against the normal rainfall of 696 mm marking a departure of -30 percent while in 2004 the actual rainfall was 511 mm marking a departure from normal of -26 percent. The region experiences moderate winds; as shown in Figure 7 the wind blows predominantly from west during May to September while during November and December predominant wind direction is from east. Most of the winds occur in the range of 12 – 19 kmph, however during the period of June to August winds of more than 19 kmph also occur. The following Table 8 shows the climatological details.

Table 8: Climatological Characteristics of Dharwad District Month Long Term Avg. (30 Years) – Mean 2004 – Actual

RH Max RH Min

Wind Speed

Total Rainfall

Mean RH 0830 Hrs

Mean RH

1730 Hrs

Wind speed

Total Rainfall

% % Kmph Mm % % kmph mm

Jan 68 41 7.1 2.6 71 36 8.7 0.0

Feb 61 35 7.1 1.1 51 25 9.3 0.0

Mar 62 32 7.7 5.3 55 16 10.1 Trace

April 70 37 9.6 43.4 65 25 10.2 17.6

May 78 45 13.4 85.8 75 51 14.2 105.4

June 84 66 18.1 83.9 83 63 16.5 59.8

July 88 75 18.8 72.4 87 67 14.0 72.8

Aug 88 73 17.2 81.5 87 67 15.4 52.4

Sep 87 69 12.8 134.3 86 65 9.2 166.2

Oct 82 60 7.6 130.1 80 51 10.3 37.1

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Nov 73 51 6.9 34.5 67 38 11.9 Trace

Dec 72 48 7.3 7.7 62 29 9.6 0.0

Total annual mean

76 53 11.1 695.6 72 44 11.6 511.3

Source: Meteorological Centre, Bangalore.

Figure 8: Wind Rose Diagram of Dharwad District (0830 Hrs and 1730 Hrs)

Source: Meteorological Centre, IMD, Bangalore (1969 – 1987 at Gadag Observatory).

4. Surface Water

62. The main rivers of Dharwad are the Tungabhadra, Malaprabha, Varada, Kumudvathi and the Bedthi. The Tungabhadra river system covers about one third of the total area of the Dharwad district. Even though the rainfall in this region is scanty. The rivers that originate in Western Ghats flow here and as such water resources are plenty and the land adjoining the rivers is fertile. 63. There are two main sources of water in the city – Renukasagar Reservoir (on Malaprabha River) and Neerasagar Tank. Until recently, the former had a design capacity of 68 MLD (million litres per day), of which 41 MLD was used; the latter had a design capacity of 40.9 MLD, of which 33.5 MLD was used. Currently,Hubli-Dharwad draws about 110 MLD, although the daily requirement as per prevailing government norms is 130 MLD. 64. The receiving waterbody: The treated effluent from the STP will be discharged in to the a nallah flowing along the southern side of the STP site, which will join Hakilkari Nalla in its downstream. This offers possibility of safe discharge of the treated effluent and ensures proper dilution of effluent discharged. The proposed sewer system will intercept and divert all sewage flows presently entering the Nallahs so that there will be improvement in water quality in the nallahs during operation. At present, the water flowing through the nallah is invery deteriorated

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stage. Water quality of the nallah flowing adjacent to the STP site is to be monitored by the Contractor before starting the construction of the STP.

5. Groundwater

65. Top soil of the Delta region that helps in the storage of underground water is very less in this district. In places where basaltic flow is closed and in places where weathering of rocks has taken place, underground water is available. The quantity of underground water depends on the structure, type and extent of rocks and is available in plenty where soft rocks are located and available in less quantity where rocks are hard. Dharwad district has an annual renewable ground water source of about 1,24.882 hectare metre (ham) of which up to 1.1.1991 only about 23% (24.392 ham) has been exploited and 77% is still unexploited. 66. Since 1956 Hubli-Dharwad has relied on piped reservoir sources, while the rural areas have increasingly relied on boreholes. Increasing amounts of water are now being abstracted for irrigation in rural areas and many boreholes are now dry or have hard mineral waters which are bad for human health and damage some crops. In the Hubli – Dharwad urban area 40% of the water supplied by the water supply network leaks into the ground. There are no sewage treatment facilities and hence 30% of sewage goes to cesspits and then seeps into the ground. 70% of sewage enters the sewerage network where it leaks into the ground or drains into local rivers some of which is used for irrigation in rural areas. 67. According to a study conducted on the ground water quality of HDMC in 2001, it was found that additional recharge due to leakage from sewerage is diluting the ground water near the city. If current plans for the development of the water resources in HDMC are not addressed, then by 2010 there will be a dramatic increase in both ground water levels and ground water dilution within HDMC and the surrounding areas.

6. Air Quality

68. As there are no major air pollution potential sources, the air quality of the city in general, is within acceptable limits.

7. Forest

69. The two main types of forests in this region are moist deciduous forests and thorn and scrub forests. These types of forests have plenty of timber yielding trees. It is conducive for the growth of timber yeilding trees like Rose wood, Teak, Honne, and Nandi. These forests are important from the point of view of timber. Scrub and thorn forests are also more in the district. Sandalwood and other trees yielding minor forest products. The requirements here put tremendous pressure on the limited forest resources available. 70. The average forest area in the district is about 0.04 hectares and none of them fall within the HDMC limits.

8. Flora and Fauna

71. The forest areas include big trees such as Teak, Bamboo, Banyan etc. Because of dry weather and poor soil quality trees and herbs grow sparsely. Along the roadsides Neem trees are common. In sandy soil Toddy Palm and in gardens Banana, Guava, Sapota, Mango,]ackfruit, Custard apple, Lime, Coconut and Arecanut trees grow usually.

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72. The district has a very rich fauna especially in its western portion. Although the district is rich in flora and fauna, none of the sensitive environmental features such as National Parks, Wetlands, and Biosphere Reserves fall within or nearby the HDMC limits.

9. Socio Economic Characteristics

73. Demography: Hubli-Dharwad‘s population has increased from 648,298 in 1991 to 786,195 in 2001, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 1.94 percent. The aforesaid growth is attributed primarily to an increase in the CC‘s jurisdiction from 190.94 sq. km in 1991 to 202.28 sq. km in 2001. This indicates that the MC has enhanced its potential of providing services to larger area covering more population. This would also help in decongesting the old part of the town. In 2001, the density for Hubli-Dharwad town was 3,887 persons per sq. km. 74. Sex Ratio: The current sex ratio (female population per 1,000 male populations) in Hubli-Dharwad is 949, which is higher than the State urban average of 940 and National urban average of 901. While the sex ratio of the Hubli-Dharwad had gradually reduced from 950 to 912 from 1901 to 1981, the sex ratio in last two decades has shown drastic improvement. 75. Economic Base: Although the economy of Dharwad district is predominantly agriculture in nature, the primary drivers of Hubli-Dharwad city‘s economy are the trade and commerce, transport and service sector (mainly industrial units, government jobs). Approximately 55 percent of the city‘s population is involved in tertiary sector. 76. Slums: Urban poor in Hubli-Dharwad constitute 15 percent of the city‘s population. 77. KSCB indicates that 107,000 persons reside in the city‘s slums. In 2000, a survey of slums conducted by KSCB identified 114 slums in Hubli-Dharwad, out of which 94 are declared slums. There are 33 declared slums in Dharwad which house a population of 35,448 and in Hubli, 61 declared slums house a population of 71,343 persons. Slums in the twin city are located mainly by proximity to water bodies and natural drain banks, work sites, on available patches of land along road margins, city periphery, rail tracks, and industrial area.

10. Cultural and Historic Places

78. Dharwad is seat of learning. Historic in origin, there are some majestic historical monuments such as the Chandramouleshwara Temple at Unkal near Unkal Lake on the old Pune – Bangalore Highway, NH 4. This temple has been included in the list of monuments under Archaeological Survey of India (This temple is far away from the STP site) and Banashankari Temple Amargol between Hubli and Dharwad, are other cultural sites present in this region. B. Environmental Settings of Investment Program Component Sites

1. Sewerage System

79. Sewer Lines: Sewer lines are proposed along the roads of densely built up areas of the Dharwad city. Homes and business establishments are located along the network routes. The city limit is well developed and there are no environmental hotspots along the proposed areas. Beyond the City limits, the sewer trunk main passes along agricultural lands.

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2. STP Site

80. STP site at Government veterinary hospital land in Dharwad is located at low lying area of the town and as a result natural drainage is towards this area. There is a nallah flowing along the southern side of the STP site, which will join Hakilkari Halla in its downstream. This offers possibility of safe discharge of the treated effluent and ensures proper dilution of effluent discharged. About 4 acres of land which was under the possession Government Veternary Hospital at Madihal is earmarked for STP and it is sufficient for the proposed STP. This land has been handed over to HDMC. There are no trees present at this site. The flora present mainly consists of cultivated vegetation and there are no significant fauna except lizards, frogs and rats. The baseline environmental profile of this area suit that of pristine village atmosphere. Thus the area can sustain the temporary overload of Suspended Particulate Matter and other pollutants during construction without violating the increased turbidity level in the Nallah during construction phase. During operational phase, the ambient air quality is likely to be affected due to emission of gases; however the situation will be much better compared to the traditional stabilization ponds owing to the aeration facilities offered. The proposed sewer system will intercept and divert all sewage flows presently entering the Nallahs so that there will be improvement in water quality in the nallahs during operation. Water quality of the nallah flowing adjacent to the STP site is be monitored by the Contractor before starting the construction of the STP. However during construction phase there will be temporary increase of the noise levels. The Land details of the STP is as follows: Survey No. - 5(Block) PWD of Dharwad – V Total Area available - 4 Acres 8 Guntas Area of STP Units - 17780.09 sq.m Location Name - Madihal 81. A proper Environment Monitoring Plan has been formulated which shall be included in the construction agreement to safe guard against any possible deterioration.

IV. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

A. Introduction

82. This section of the IEE reviews possible subproject-related impacts, in order to identify issues requiring further attention and screen out issues of no relevance. ADB SPS (2009) require that impacts and risks will be analyzed during pre-construction, construction, and operational stages in the context of the subproject‘s area of influence. 83. The ADB Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist for Sewage Treatment in http://www.adb.org/documents/guidelines/environmental_assessment/eaguidelines002.asp was used to screen the subproject for environmental impacts and to determine the scope of the IEE investigation. The completed Checklist is given in Appendix 1. All the proposed subproject components will interact physically with the environment. 84. In the case of this subproject (i) most of the individual elements are relatively small and involve straightforward construction and operation, so impacts will be mainly localized and not greatly significant; (ii) most of the predicted impacts are associated with the construction process, and are produced because that process is invasive, involving excavation and earth movements; and (iii) being located in the built-up area of Dharwad city, will not cause direct

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impact on biodiversity values. The subproject will be in properties held by the local government and access to the subproject locations is through public rights-of-way and existing roads hence, land acquisition and encroachment on private property will not occur. 85. Potential environmental impacts of the proposed infrastructure components are presented in this section. Mitigation measures to minimize/mitigate negative impacts, if any, are recommended along with the agency responsible for implementation in the EMP given in Chapter VI. Monitoring actions to be conducted during the implementation phase is also recommended to reduce the impact. 86. Screening of potential environmental impacts is categorized into three categories considering Investment Program phases: location impacts and design impacts (pre construction phase), construction phase impacts and operations and maintenance phase impacts.

(i) Location impacts include impacts associated with site selection and include loss of on-site biophysical array and encroachment either directly or indirectly on adjacent environments. It also includes impacts on people who will lose their livelihood or any other structures by the development of that site.

(ii) Design impacts include impacts arising from Investment Program design, including technology used, scale of operation / throughput, waste production, discharge specifications, pollution sources and ancillary services.

(iii) Construction impacts include impacts caused by site clearing, earthworks, machinery, vehicles and workers. Construction site impacts include erosion, dust, noise, traffic congestion and waste production.

(iv) O&M impacts include impacts arising from the operation and maintenance activities of the infrastructure facility. These include routine management of operational waste streams, and occupational health and safety issues.

B. Pre-Construction Impacts

87. Design of the Proposed Components. The Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization (CPHEEO) manual suggests a design period of 15/30 years2 in general while designing the system for sewage treatment components. Since, the packages are proposed to be implemented sequentially; theoretically, each of the system components should have a different design year. 88. However, in order to maintain unanimity in the design period and design population, it is proposed to consider 2041 as the design year for all the system components. Accordingly, 2011 shall be the base year and 2026 the intermediate year to cross check the designs pertaining to intermediate demand. 89. Utilities. Telephone lines, electric poles and wires, water lines within the proposed subproject locations may require to be shifted in few cases. To mitigate the adverse impacts due to relocation of the utilities, CSS will (i) identify the locations and operators of these utilities to prevent unnecessary disruption of services during construction phase; and (ii) instruct construction contractors to prepare a contingency plan to include actions to be done in case of unintentional interruption of services. 90. Social and Cultural Resources. Any work involving ground disturbance can uncover and damage archaeological and historical remains. For this subproject, excavation will occur in

2 As per CPHEEO, pumps and motors are to be designed for a life of 15 years.

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open area, so it could be that there is a medium risk of such impacts. Nevertheless, CSS/Divisional ES will:

(i) Consult CMC to obtain an expert assessment of the archaeological potential of the site;

(ii) Consider alternatives if the site is found to be of high risk; (iii) Include state and local archaeological, cultural and historical authorities, and

interest groups in consultation forums as project stakeholders so that their expertise can be made available; and

(iv) Develop a protocol for use by the construction contractors in conducting any excavation work, to ensure that any chance finds are recognised and measures are taken to ensure they are protected and conserved.

91. Site selection of construction work camps, stockpile areas, storage areas, and disposal areas. Priority is to locate these near the subproject locations. However, if it is deemed necessary to locate elsewhere, sites to be considered will not promote instability and result in destruction of property, vegetation, irrigation, and drinking water supply systems. Residential areas will not be considered for setting up camps to protect the human environment (i.e., to curb accident risks, health risks due to air and water pollution and dust, and noise, and to prevent social conflicts, shortages of amenities, and crime). Extreme care will be taken to avoid disposals near water bodies, swamps, or in areas which will inconvenience the community. 92. Site selection of sources of materials. Extraction of materials can disrupt natural land contours and vegetation resulting in accelerated erosion, disturbance in natural drainage patterns, ponding and water logging, and water pollution. To mitigate the potential environmental impacts, locations of quarry site/s and borrow pit/s (for loose material other than stones) would be assessed by CSS. Priority would be sites already permitted by Mining Department. If other sites are necessary, these would be located away from population centers, drinking water intakes and streams, cultivable lands, and natural drainage systems; and in structurally stable areas even if some distance from construction activities. It will be the construction contractor‘s responsibility to verify the suitability of all material sources and to obtain the approval of Urban Local Body. If additional quarries will be required after construction is started, then the construction contractor shall use the mentioned criteria to select new quarry sites, with written approval of CMC. C. Construction Impacts

93. Although construction of the subproject components involves quite simple techniques of civil work, the invasive nature of excavation and the subproject locations in the built-up areas of the city where there are a variety of human activities, will result to impacts to the environment and sensitive receptors such as residents, businesses, and the community in general. These anticipated impacts are temporary and for short duration. Physical impacts will be reduced by the method of working and scheduling of work, whereby the project components will be (i) constructed by small teams working at a time; (ii) any excavation done near sensitive area like school, religious places and house will be protected as per standard norms etc. 94. Sources of Materials. Significant amount of gravel, sand, and cement will be required for this subproject. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) The material sources permitted by government; (ii) Verify suitability of all material sources and obtain approval of Program

Management Unit (PMU); and

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(iii) Submit to CSS on a monthly basis documentation of sources of materials.

95. Air Quality. Emissions from construction vehicles, equipment, and machinery used for excavation and construction will induce impacts on the air quality in the construction sites. Anticipated impacts include dusts and increase in concentration of vehicle-related pollutants such as carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, particulate matter, nitrous oxides, and hydrocarbons) but temporary and during construction activities only. To mitigate the impacts, construction contractors will be required to:

(i) Consult with PMU/CSS on the designated areas for stockpiling of, soils, gravel, and other construction materials;

(ii) Damp down exposed soil and any stockpiled on site by spraying with water when necessary during dry weather;

(iii) Use tarpaulins to cover sand and other loose material when transported by trucks; and

(iv) Fit all heavy equipment and machinery with air pollution control devices which are operating correctly.

96. Surface Water Quality. Mobilization of settled silt materials, run-off from stockpiled materials, and chemical contamination from fuels and lubricants during construction works can contaminate downstream surface water quality of the streams draining the City. These potential impacts are temporary and short-term duration only and to ensure these are mitigated, construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Avoid stockpiling of earth fill especially during the monsoon season unless covered by tarpaulins or plastic sheets;

(ii) Prioritize re-use of excess spoils and materials in the construction works. If spoils will be disposed, consult with PMU/CSS on designated disposal areas;

(iii) Install temporary silt traps or sedimentation basins along the drainage leading to the water bodies;

(iv) Place storage areas for fuels and lubricants away from any drainage leading to water bodies;

(v) Dispose any wastes generated by construction activities in designated sites; and (vi) Conduct surface quality inspection according to the Environmental Management

Plan (EMP).

97. Noise Levels. There are no health facilities, scheduled or unscheduled historical, archaeological, paleontological, or architectural sites near the construction sites. However, construction works will be on settlements, along and near schools, and areas with small-scale businesses. The sensitive receptors are the general population in these areas. Increase in noise level may be caused by excavation equipment, and the transportation of equipment, materials, and people. Impact is negative, short-term, and reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Plan activities in consultation with PMU/CSS so that activities with the greatest potential to generate noise are conducted during periods of the day which will result in least disturbance;

(ii) Horns should not be used unless it is necessary to warn other road users or animals of the vehicle‘s approach;

(iii) Minimize noise from construction equipment by using vehicle silencers, fitting jackhammers with noise-reducing mufflers, and portable street barriers the sound impact to surrounding sensitive receptor; and

(iv) Maintain maximum sound levels not exceeding 80 decibels (dB(A)) when measured at a distance of 10 m or more from the vehicle/s.

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98. Landscape and Aesthetics. The construction works will produce excess excavated, excess construction materials, and solid waste such as removed concrete, wood, trees and plants, packaging materials, empty containers, spoils, oils, lubricants, and other similar items. These impacts are negative but short-term and reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Prepare and implement Waste Management Plan; (ii) Avoid stockpiling of excess excavated soils; (iii) Coordinate with ULB for beneficial uses of excess excavated soils or immediately

dispose to designated areas; (iv) Recover used oil and lubricants and reuse or remove from the sites; (v) Manage solid waste according to the following preference hierarchy: reuse,

recycling and disposal to designated areas; (vi) Remove all wreckage, rubbish, or temporary structures which are no longer

required; and (vii) Request PMU/CSS to report in writing that the necessary environmental

restoration work has been adequately performed before acceptance of work.

99. Surface and Groundwater Quality. Another physical impact that is often associated with excavation is the effect on drainage and the local water table if groundwater and surface water collect in the voids. To ensure that water will not pond in pits and voids near subproject location, the construction contractor will be required to conduct excavation works on non-monsoon season. 100. Accessibility. Hauling of construction materials and operation of equipment on-site can cause traffic problems. Potential impact is negative but short term and reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Plan transportation routes so that heavy vehicles do not use narrow local roads, except in the immediate vicinity of delivery sites;

(ii) Schedule transport and hauling activities during non-peak hours; (iii) Locate entry and exit points in areas where there is low potential for traffic

congestion; (iv) Keep the site free from all unnecessary obstructions; (v) Drive vehicles in a considerate manner; (vi) Coordinate with Traffic Police for temporary road diversions and with for

provision of traffic aids if transportation activities cannot be avoided during peak hours; and

(vii) Notify affected sensitive receptors by providing sign boards informing nature and duration of construction works and contact numbers for concerns/complaints.

101. Socio-Economic – Income. The subproject components will be located in Government land. Construction works will impede the access of residents to specific site in limited cases. The potential impacts are negative and moderate but short-term and temporary. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Leave spaces for access between mounds of soil; (ii) Provide walkways and metal sheets where required to maintain access across

for people and vehicles; (iii) Increase workforce in front of critical areas such as institutions, place of worship,

business establishment, hospitals, and schools; (iv) Consult businesses and institutions regarding operating hours and factoring this

in work schedules; and

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(v) Provide sign boards for pedestrians to inform nature and duration of construction works and contact numbers for concerns/complaints.

102. Socio-Economic – Employment. Manpower will be required during the 18-months construction stage. This can result to generation of contractual employment and increase in local revenue. Thus potential impact is positive and long-term. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Employ at least 50% of the labour force, or to the maximum extent, local persons within the 2-km immediate area if manpower is available; and

(ii) Secure construction materials from local market.

103. Occupational Health and Safety. Workers need to be mindful of the occupational hazards which can arise from working in height and excavation works. Potential impacts are negative and long-term but reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Develop and implement site-specific Health and Safety (H&S) Plan which will include measures such as: (a) excluding public from the site; (b) ensuring all workers are provided with and use Personal Protective Equipment; (c) H&S Training3 for all site personnel; (d) documented procedures to be followed for all site activities; and (e) documentation of work-related accidents;

(ii) Ensure that qualified first-aid can be provided at all times. Equipped first-aid stations shall be easily accessible throughout the site;

(iii) Provide medical insurance coverage for workers; (iv) Secure all installations from unauthorized intrusion and accident risks; (v) Provide supplies of potable drinking water; (vi) Provide clean eating areas where workers are not exposed to hazardous or

noxious substances; (vii) Provide H&S orientation training to all new workers to ensure that they are

apprised of the basic site rules of work at the site, personal protective protection, and preventing injuring to fellow workers;

(viii) Provide visitor orientation if visitors to the site can gain access to areas where hazardous conditions or substances may be present. Ensure also that visitor/s do not enter hazard areas unescorted;

(ix) Ensure the visibility of workers through their use of high visibility vests when working in or walking through heavy equipment operating areas;

(x) Ensure moving equipment is outfitted with audible back-up alarms; (xi) Mark and provide sign boards for hazardous areas such as energized electrical

devices and lines, service rooms housing high voltage equipment, and areas for storage and disposal. Signage shall be in accordance with international standards and be well known to, and easily understood by workers, visitors, and the general public as appropriate; and

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Some of the key areas that may be covered during training as they relate to the primary causes of accidents include (i) slips, trips and falls; (ii) personal protective equipment; (iii) ergonomics, repetitive motion, and manual handling; (iv) workplace transport; and (v) legislation and responsibilities. Training can provide the foundations of competence but it does not necessarily result in a competent worker. Therefore, it is essential to assess staff competence to ensure that the training provided is relevant and effective. Supervision and monitoring arrangements shall be in place to ensure that training has been effective and the worker is competent at their job. The level of supervision and monitoring required is a management decision that shall be based on the risks associated with the job, the level of competence required, the

experience of the individual and whether the worker works as part of a team or is a lone worker.

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(xii) Disallow worker exposure to noise level greater than 85 dB(A) for a duration of more than 8 hours per day without hearing protection. The use of hearing protection shall be enforced actively.

104. Community Health and Safety. Hazards posed to the public, specifically in high-pedestrian areas may include traffic accidents and vehicle collision with pedestrians. In most of the cases location of project sites at isolated area, hence health and safety risk to community is minimum. Potential impact is negative but short-term and reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Plan routes to avoid times of peak-pedestrian activities. (ii) Liaise with PMU/CSS in identifying risk areas on route cards/maps. (iii) Maintain regularly the vehicles and use of manufacturer-approved parts to

minimize potentially serious accidents caused by equipment malfunction or premature failure.

(iv) Provide road signs and flag persons to warn of dangerous conditions, in case of location near the road.

105. Work Camps. Operation of work camps can cause temporary air and noise pollution from machine operation, water pollution from storage and use of fuels, oils, solvents, and lubricants. Potential impacts are negative but short-term and reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Consult with PMU/CSS before locating project offices, sheds, and construction plants;

(ii) Minimize removal of vegetation and disallow cutting of trees; (iii) Provide water and sanitation facilities for employees; (iv) Prohibit employees from poaching wildlife and cutting of trees for firewood; (v) Train employees in the storage and handling of materials which can potentially

cause soil contamination; (vi) Recover used oil and lubricants and reuse or remove from the site; (vii) Manage solid waste according to the following preference hierarchy: reuse,

recycling and disposal to designated areas; (viii) Remove all wreckage, rubbish, or temporary structures which are no longer

required; and (ix) Request PMU/CSS to report in writing that the camp has been vacated and

restored to pre-project conditions before acceptance of work.

106. Social and Cultural Resources. For this subproject, excavation will occur at specific isolated locations, so it could be that there is a low risk of such impacts. Nevertheless, the construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Strictly follow the protocol for chance finds in any excavation work; (ii) Request PMU/CSS or any authorized person with archaeological/historical field

training to observe excavation; (iii) Stop work immediately to allow further investigation if any finds are suspected;

and (iv) Inform PMU/CSS if a find is suspected, and take any action they require ensuring

its removal or protection in situ.

D. Operation and Maintenance Impacts

107. Operation and Maintenance of the Sewerage system will be carried out by the Dharwad MC. The system have a design life of 30 years, during which shall not require major repairs or

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refurbishments and should operate with little maintenance beyond routine actions required to keep the equipments in working order. The stability and integrity of the system will be monitored periodically to detect any problems and allow remedial action if required. Any repairs will be small-scale involving manual, temporary, and short-term works involving regular checking and recording of performance for signs of deterioration, servicing and replacement of parts. 108. Discharge of treated water from the Sewerage Treatment Plant into nearby Nalla could cause pollution of the Hakilkari Nalla. The CMC will be required to ensure that the parameters of the disposed water are strictly monitored at the outlet and are within the standards. 109. There may be minor odour and noise nuisance due to the STP. Buffer zone in the form of landscaping and earthwork shall be created and well maintained around the site to mitigate this impact. The buffer zone, as required by KSPCB, will be at least 100 m around the STP compound. 110. Improper sludge disposal methods from the STP may lead to pollution and health hazards. To avoid this, safe sludge handling methods shall be employed - Personal protection equipment such as gloves, boots, shall be provided to the operators. Sludge shall be dried in drying beds before its disposal. This sludge may be used as manure for non- food crops or land filled. Sludge Management Plan shall be prepared and implemented. 111. Pipe bursting and leakage problems will lead to public health issues. This can be managed by regular maintenance and cleaning of the sewer system. The CMC will be required to ensure that the leakage rectification time shall be minimized. 112. Improper disposal of silt and debris removed from sewers could cause Inconvenience to public. Silt and debris shall be collected in trucks and transported to the Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Site and shall be used as covering material for the waste being landfilled. 113. Repair works could cause some temporary disruption of activities at locations of social and cultural importance such as schools, hospitals, churches, tourist sites etc, so the same precautions as employed during the construction period should be adopted. CMC needs to:

(i) Identify any buildings at risk from vibration damage and avoiding any use of pneumatic drills or heavy vehicles in the vicinity;

(ii) Complete work in these areas quickly; (iii) Consult the custodians of important buildings, cultural and tourism authorities

and local communities in advance of the work t identify and address key issues, and avoid working at sensitive times, such as religious and cultural festivals.

114. The citizens of the Dharwad MC will be the major beneficiaries of the improved Sewerage system, as they will be provided with improved state of sanitation and better environmental quality. In addition to improved environmental conditions, the subproject will improve the over-all health condition of the town as diseases due to poor sanitation (such as diarrhoea and dysentery) will be reduced.

V. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

A. Overview

115. A two tier consultation process was adopted for NKUSIP for information disclosure and making all the concerned people involved in the project. Institutional consultations were

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conducted with the Governmental Departments such as Planning Department, Urban Development Board, Public Works Department, Pollution Control Board, Karnataka Urban Water Supply and Drainage Board, Urban Local Bodies, etc. Dharwad Municipal Corporation has resolved to adopt the CAS Technology for HDMC as it suits the requirements of the ULB. 116. Public consultation involved focus group discussions were conducted during the DPR preparation stage of the report. The people residing along the project activity areas were consulted during topographical surveys and site visits and due discussions were made regarding the proposals. It was observed that people are willing to extend their co operation as the proposed activities are supposed to enhance the living standard of the public. Issues raised during public consultation are presented in Table 9.

Table 9: Issues Addressed during Public Consultation at STP Site, Dharward

Issues Raised during Focus Group Discussion

Mitigation Measures

Operation and Maintenance of STP. Ill maintenance will result in nuisance to public through odour, mosquito and result in public health risk.

STP will be maintained properly by HDMC with a trail run for one month by the contractor and during the trial run the labours of HDMC will be trained for the satisfactorily operation and maintenance of the system.

Impact on receiving water bodies during shut down for operation and maintenance of the system at regular intervals.

The shut down of the system for maintenance will be done in modules such that there will not be total system shut down which will have severe impact on receiving water bodies.

Impact on land values due to proximity to STP site.

The visual screens, landscaping and proper operation and maintenance of the system will nullify the impact on the surrounding due to STP operation; hence there will have negligible impact on land values of surrounding areas.

Likely problems due to improper maintenance of STP or power failure.

Chances of such problems have been anticipated and measures taken such as:- 1) Latest Technology adopted. 2) DG set for power backup. 3) Dedicated Power line and own Substation. 4) Enhanced capacity for equalization tank. 5) Technology that can absorb shock load. 6) Standby Pumps and availability of spares.

Whether Environmental implications have been assessed and EIA prepared?

According to the notification of MoEF, EIA for this project is not required. However IEE studies have been conducted, EMP prepared and mitigation measures incorporated in the project.

Will this scheme help to stop the sub soil water pollution due to septic tank overflow?

Surely this one of the main goals of this project.

The Chemicals used in this STP is harmful to the Nallah?

No harmful chemicals are used in the STP. The treatment is fully based on biological reactions. The dosage of chlorine used for disinfection of the effluent will be in a minimized range, so as to not affect the aquatic life.

Appropriate training to be given to all the concerned.

During O & M the contractor will impart training to officers and operating personnel. Due provisions have been made in the contract for the above.

B. Addressal of Issues

117. Issues raised by the stakeholders during the post-design public consultations were addressed to the extent possible in the final design of work shelters and the facilities proposed at the work shelters. C. Community Participation in Project Implementation

118. To implement the EMP in a proper way, it is essential to provide scope of involving

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communities and affected persons in the process. Stakeholders‘ participation throughout the stages of project implementation and early operation (or the defects liability period) will be integrated in the project. 119. It has been fully realized that, to redress the environmental issues likely to surface during construction and operational phases, a constant communication need to be established with the affected communities. This has been ensured by regular progress monitoring of the construction and with co-operation of the NGOs. Meetings will be organized with the project affected and the various stakeholders at regular intervals at the potential hotspot/sensitive locations before and during the construction period. D. Information Disclosure

120. A summary of the IEE Report in English and Kannada will be published in the website of Dharward Municipality and NKUSIP. E. Redress of Grievances

121. Grievances will first be brought to the attention of the implementing NGO. Grievances not redressed by the NGO will be brought to the Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) established in each Investment Program district. The GRC process is designed to be transparent, gender responsive, culturally appropriate and commensurate to the risks and adverse impacts of the project, as well as readily accessible to all segments of the affected people. Affected people are to be appropriately informed about the mechanism through media and public outlets. This participatory process shall ensure that all views of the people are adequately reviewed and suitably incorporated in the design and implementation process. 122. Only major grievances shall be placed before the GRC. The GRC will determine the merit of each grievance and attempt to resolve the same within a month from the date of lodging of complaints, failing which the grievance shall be addressed to the Deputy Commissioner, Dharwad. The GRC shall forward grievances of serious nature immediately on receipt of complaint to the Deputy Commissioner. The DC will hear appeals against the decisions of GRC. The decision of DC is final and cannot be contested in any other forum except in the Courts of Law. 123. A District Level Project Steering Committee (DLPSC) headed by the concerned Deputy Commissioner (DC) has been established under the NKUSIP project vide GO: No N. A. E. 45 PRJ 04 dated 18/06/04 for 21 towns, including Dharwad. In addition to the functions of the committee, Grievance Redress was included as additional function vide GO: No N. A. E. 167 PRJ 05 dated 22/09/05 for the same towns. Hence, a grievance redress mechanism is in place for the project.

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Figure 9: Grievance Redressal Process

VI. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

A. Environment Management Plan

124. In case of sewerage components, only manageable impacts are anticipated since the laying of sewer line will be along the already built up area. Inadequate sludge disposal can lead to environmental pollution strict adherence to the EMP is suggested. The STP location has been selected sufficiently away from the habitation and along with provision for development of a buffer zone along the site boundary which is not expected to have any impact on existing environment or surroundings. The proposed sewerage facility does not pass through any environmentally sensitive areas. 125. The following table provides the potential environmental impacts and mitigation measures of all components proposed under NKUSIP in DMC.

Table 10: Environment Management Plan (EMP) Impact Description Anticipated

Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation

Responsibility Preliminary Costing

Location impacts

Contamination of groundwater resources due to leaching of waste water from STP.

This may not be significant as the groundwater table is deep at around 30 to 50 ft

As a precautionary measure, the bottom of the STP will be lined with concrete.

HDMC / Head Contractor

Part of Design costs

Loss of amenity and odor nuisance to

The STP location is

Development of physical separation and visual

HDMC Part of Design costs

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Impact Description Anticipated Impact

Mitigation Measures Implementation Responsibility

Preliminary Costing

neighbors. surrounded by agricultural land. Newly developing residential areas are located at approx. 780 m. Future expansion of town may be considered

screen around the facility will address this impact. A buffer zone in the form of landscaping and earthwork shall be created around the STP.

Design Impacts

Discharge of partially treated sewage will have potential to pollute the nallah and agricultural fields.

This may not be significant as only treated sewage will be used for irrigation and treatment will be designed to meet inland surface water discharge standards which is stringer than irrigation standards.

The sewage retention period shall be fixed considering seasonal climatic variations. The effluent from the STP shall be confirmed to the following standards of discharge for inland surface water disposal:

BOD < 30 mg/l

Suspended solids < 100 mg/l

HDMC Part of Design costs

Water supply networks may be contaminated by leakage from the sewer networks.

There is a chance of drinking water supply getting polluted due to leakage from sewers, if both the pipe lines are in the same trench.

It shall be ensured during the design that the water supply and sewer lines are placed on opposite sides of roads.

HDMC Part of Design costs

Nuisance due to leakage / overflowing of sewers.

Regular maintenance will nullify the impact. Usage of appropriate maintenance equipment would substantially reduce the maintenance time.

HDMC Part of Design costs

Nuisance due to mosquito breeding and bad odours from STP .

M/P

Newly developing residential areas are located at approx. 780 m from STP site. Considering the future expansion of the town, mitigation

Development of physical separation and visual screen around the facility will also address this impact. A buffer zone in the form of landscaping and earthwork shall be created around the STP. To avoid/reduce mosquito breeding, the banks of ponds shall be kept clear of grasses bushes, etc.

HDMC Part of Design costs

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Impact Description Anticipated Impact

Mitigation Measures Implementation Responsibility

Preliminary Costing

measure may be required.

Pollution due to improper sludge disposal methods.

Sludge contaminated work area may cause health hazards.

Safe sludge handling methods shall be employed. Personal protection equipment such as gloves, boots, shall be provided to the workers. Sludge shall be dried in drying beds before its disposal in low-lying areas. A sludge management plan shall be prepared.

HDMC Part of O & M costs Preparation of sludge management plan (consultant time: one person week)

Construction Impacts

Inconvenience to access business, residential, schools, hospitals, places of worship and other immediate facilities for the public and impact on livelihood due to loss of access to business.

The access for business and other facilities along the proposed sewer laning areas will be disturbed during construction period.

During construction period, planks / makeshift pathways should be provided along the construction areas for the public to access their requirements for residential, shopping and other facilities. Any business losses will be compensated as per the Resettlement Framework. Contractor shall deploy more work force for speedy completion of activities in these areas. Shop keepers will be informed prior to construction along the commercial areas

Head Contractor / HDMC

Part of construction cost.

Inconvenience to public during sewer laying along thick commercial areas and narrow streets; where public facilities are located.

Reduced pedestrian and vehicle access to residences and businesses

Construction should be expedited in the least time frame. Activities requiring maximum access control should be done during non peak hours. Excavation along the road should be done in such a way that entire stretch will not be trenched at a time. Traffic management with diversion through alternate routes will be implemented by providing adequate sign boards. Trenching and pipe laning along the traffic routes will be planned and

Head Contractor HDMC

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Impact Description Anticipated Impact

Mitigation Measures Implementation Responsibility

Preliminary Costing

integrated to avoid retrenching / modifying trench during pipe laning along the same lane

Head Contractor

Destruction of buildings due to vibration during construction activities.

Permanent destruction of buildings

Buildings of risk will be identified prior to construction and pneumatic drilling will be avoided in these areas.

Head Contractor Destruction of buildings due to vibration during construction activities.

Nuisance due to dust and noise; road blocking due to laying of sewer network; and, increased traffic flow due to vehicle movement for construction activities.

Dust generation may be significant as the dry weather condition prevails in the town.

Construction material shall be stockpiled to minimize traffic blockages. In case of excavations for sewer lines in busy streets such as central areas of the town (market area, old town area), adequate arrangements for traffic diversion including prior intimation and by erecting proper sign board shall be provided. Considering the market and dense residential areas in the core town area, preparation of construction site management plan is necessary. Poor performance of the contractor may potentially exacerbate these impacts and therefore qualified contractors to be appointed. The contracted work includes the implementation of construction site management plan, which will address these issues.

Head Contractor PMU, HDMC

Part of construction costs

Air and noise from construction of STP and lying /rehabilitation of sewer network activities.

Sewer network will be laid all over the town including high density areas. As the proposed STP is located away from the habitation, as far as laying of sewer network is considered, the dust and noise nuisance may be considerable in the core town area and in all

Concrete roads where trenching is done through Pneumatic drilling will be providing fencing to avoid noise and air pollution. Construction material shall be stockpiled. Adequate arrangements for traffic diversions including erection of proper sign boards are to be done. Dust generation must be arrested by water spraying. Ensure usage of standard equipment to reduce the noise nuisance. Equipment shall

Head Contractor/HDMC

Part of construction cost

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Impact Description Anticipated Impact

Mitigation Measures Implementation Responsibility

Preliminary Costing

other areas it may be negligible.

comply with the noise levels of construction equipment laid out by the CPCB. High noise generating activities including material unloading shall be avoided during nights. The surrounding people shall be informed, especially in densely populated area, of nature and schedule of the high noise generating activities, if any A construction site management plan shall be prepared. Poor performance of the contractor may potentially exacerbate these impacts and therefore qualified contractors to be appointed. The contracted work includes the implementation of construction site management plan, which will address these issues.

Improper disposal of Bituminous waste

Pollution of the environment

Bituminous waste top be disposed in approved waste disposal sites.

Head Contractor Part of construction costs

Stockpiling of excavated soil creating dust emission during windy weather and also during transportation for reusing. Plying of lorries transporting soil during peak hours and narrow / heavy traffic routes

Inconvenience for public travel. Chances of accidents for motorists due to dust emission from uncovered lorries. Traffic congestion in narrow / busy corridors

The excavated soil should be removed from construction area at the earliest for beneficial reuse such as land raising / filling of excavated areas. Soil should be covered with tarpaulin sheets during transportation. Soil transporation should not be done during peak hours and should be avoid narrow and heavy traffic routes, important religious or tourist sites etc.

Head Contractor Part of construction costs

Improper handling of excess soil

Inconvenience for public

Excess soil should not be piled up along the construction areas and shall be disposed in low laying areas other than water bodies

Head Contractor/HDMC

Part of Construction Cost. .

Rain / ground water collection in excavated areas.

Inconvenience for public

Trenching and sewer laning should be planned to be completed in

Head Contractor Part of Construction Cost.

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Impact Description Anticipated Impact

Mitigation Measures Implementation Responsibility

Preliminary Costing

seasons other than rainy season. If ground water is collected in trenches, the water should be pumped out and opportunities for channeling to agricultural fields for irrigation should be sought.

Economic benefits if local people are employed in Contractor‘s workforce

Sourcing of local employers will give employment opportunities for local people and also avoid influx of labours from outside and competition for basic resources such as water, shelter, health care etc.

Contractor should employ at least 50% of workforce from local communities.

Head Contractor / HDMC

Construction along the areas near to protected monuments.

Damage to protected structures.

All necessary and adequate care should be taken to minimise the impact on protected properties If articles such as fabrics, coins, artifacts, structures or other geographically or archaeologically important materials are discovered, the excavation should be stopped and the Archaeological Department should be intimated at the earliest and all the articles received during sewer laning should be handed over to ASI. HD MC should include the above instruction in the contract document

Head Contractor / HDMC

Risk for workers and public due to accidents at site.

Accidents Health and Safety plan should be prepared and implementd at site and workers should be trained for safe working practices, using of machineries and immediate response at emergenecies. Construction area should be properly isolated with temporary fencing to avoid accidents to public.

Head Contractor

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Impact Description Anticipated Impact

Mitigation Measures Implementation Responsibility

Preliminary Costing

Construction workers should be provided with Personnel Protective Equipments and should be made compulsory to wear during working hours.

Impact on construction workers during sewer laning along existing sewer / abandoned network with AC pipes.

AC dust can be carcinogenic if inhaled as dust particles

Train all construction personnel in dangers of AC pipes and how to recognise them in situ Develop and apply protocol if AC pipes are encountered. This should include:

Immediate reporting of any occurrence to management

Removal of all persons to a safe distance

Use of appropriate breathing apparatus and protective suits by workers delegated to deal with AC material Safe removal and long-term disposal of AC material

Head Contractor

Loss of trees during sewer laning.

Damage to Environment

No tree cutting is envisaged; each tree lost shouls be replaced with two trees. The plantation should be done at the onset of monsoon immediately after completing the construction along the identified corridor. Saplings should be provided with protective fencing and survival should be ensured by Contractor with monitoring by HDMC.

HDMC, Head Contractor.

Inconvenience to Tourist due to construction near tourist destinations or main tourist transport corridors

Impact on tourst movement will affect local economy.

Project activities should be planned with due care to avoid tourist seasons.

HDMC, Head Contractor.

Impact on public due to destruction of public utilities such as water pipes, electric / telephone lines etc.

Inconvenience for public

The impacts on utilities will be repaired and restored in the least time frame in with the support of concerned authorities.

Head Contractor Part of construction cost

O & M Impacts

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Impact Description Anticipated Impact

Mitigation Measures Implementation Responsibility

Preliminary Costing

Mixing of Industrial Waste water with sewage

Treatment process in the down stream will be significantly affected Health risk to the sewer workers due to toxic effluent and gases

The rules and regulation will be strictly implemented to avoid mixing of industrial waste stream with sewage.

KSPCB and HDMC

Part of O&M Cost

Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals in to Sewerlines.

Damage to sewer and health risk to the sewer cleaning and STP workers, negative impact on performance of STP in down stream and pollution in water bodies receiving treated effluent.

The rules and regulation will be strictly implemented to avoid discharge of hazardous chemicals in to sewers.

KSPCB and HDMC

Part of O&M Cost

Odour nuisance due to STP This impact may be considered as negligible due to location of plant site and proposed buffer provision

Newly developing residential areas are located at approx. 780 m. Future expansion of town may be considered

Buffer zone in the form of landscaping and earthwork shall be created and well maintained around the site.

HDMC Part of O & M costs

Potential pollution of stream/agricultural fields due to inadequate treatment.

As the STP is designed for stream discharge standards, the impact may be minimal. However, overloading of STP may exaggerate these problems.

Ensure the following effluent discharge standards for stream discharge:

BOD < 30 mg/l -

Suspended solids < 100 mg/l

HDMC N/a.

Pollution and health hazards due to improper sludge disposal methods

Quantity of sludge generation will not be considerable. Contaminated work area may cause health hazards.

Safe sludge handling methods shall be employed - Personal protection equipment such as gloves, boots, shall be provided. Sludge shall be dried in drying beds before its disposal. This sludge may be used as manure for non- food crops or land filled.

HDMC Part of O & M costs

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Impact Description Anticipated Impact

Mitigation Measures Implementation Responsibility

Preliminary Costing

Sludge Management Plan shall be implemented.

Nuisance due to overflowing/choking of sewers.

No major water bodies and ground water is very deep. However nuisance may be considered.

Implement the mitigation measures suggested in the design stage to avoid chocking. Sewer cleaning equipments have been provided

HDMC Part of O&M Cost.

Inconvenience to public due to noise, dust, vibration and impeding acesss for short term during network repair where public facilities are located.

Inconvenience for public

Network repair will be conducted in time bound manner by deploying more labour force. Public will be facilitated with make shift pathways for important facilities if the repair takes long time.

HDMC Part of O&M Cost.

Noise pollution from STP during operating periods

The STP is designed and proposed away from the habitat and hence noise generated from the STP will be negligible

Pumps should be equipped with efficient noise reducing systems. Buffer zone with screens and landscaping is to be provided for proper shielding such that operation of STP will not have nuisance to surroundings.

HDMC Part of O&M costs

Inconvenience to public due to improper disposal of silt and debris removed from sewers

Silt and debris removed from sewers will cause nuisance to public, if not disposed immediately.

Silt and debris shall be collected in trucks and transported to the Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Site and shall be used as covering material for the waste being landfilled.

HDMC Part of O&M Cost.

Table 11: Summary of Mitigation Measures

Location Impacts Mitigation measures

Loss of amenity (aesthetics, property values) to neighbors

1.Strict distinction on the development to the designated site and provision of a visual screen by way of green belt around the STP in addition to the natural existing tree and man grow coverage 2.Provide adequate cross drainage facility with no entrance to flow of water 3.Ensure site development doesn't cause flooding

Design Impacts Mitigation measures

Inadequate protection of receiving waters leading to impairment of downstream beneficial uses

Strict treatment technology and monitoring to ensure consistent discharge standard as set out in the Water Act, 1974 will be employed.

Overflow/bypassing hazards leading to contamination of environment plus flooding

Bypass arrangement will be through existing Sewage Farm and with appropriate outfall structure in Canal.

Inadequate methods for sludge disposal leading to environmental pollution

Design has included appropriate sludge management and disposal. Sludge will only be disposed of as compost or other agricultural use or in sanitary landfill. A Sludge Management Plan will be produced which includes provisions for on-site handling; maximized re-use of sludge (for agricultural manure or composting);

Construction Impacts Mitigation measures

1. Spilling of earth causing 1. Covering of trucks conveying earth and similar materials

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dust pollution during transportation.

2. Silt runoff from construction operations causing soil erosion plus damage to water quality/land values;

2. Implement construction Site Management (through provisions in contracts for STP construction Site preparation, which minimizes clearing and disturbance to adjoining vegetation and natural areas. Protection of unstable soil surfaces from high velocity runoff (interception drains and temporary

3.Noise and dust from construction activities; and

3. Noise during construction will be minimized by planning the activities suitably. It is also suggested that RMC be made use for construction of structures. No heavy vehicles shall be permitted during night time. Every effort shall be taken to prevail the tranquility in the area.The air blower, pump sets and generators shall be provided with acoustic enclosures so as to keep the ecological balance with least disturbance to the flora & fauna.

4. Traffic conjunction and/or increased traffic during construction of facilities and lying/rehabilitation of sewerage carriers.

4. Avoiding peak traffic hour period for transportation

Operation and Maintenance Impacts

Mitigation measures

1.Bad odor emanating from STP.

Odour control will be attained by self enclosed belt press, addition of potassium permanganate/other oxidizing agents, continuous aeration of sewage, controlled retention time of sewage and green belts if required. Continuous monitoring of effluent quality.

2.Malfunctioning of STP due to lack of supervision

Adequate onsite training to operating staff and supervisors

3.Hazards to health/safety of workmen

preparation and implementation of an Occupational Safety Plan for workforce which will include Provision of appropriate protective gear to workers on the site; and Training for workers on site dangers, including potential health effects from sludge. Ensure regular disposal of screenings, treated dried sludges to disposal sites. Regular preventive maintenance.

4. Odor, Pests, Vectors Nuisance

The STP will be monitored regularly for excessive algal bloom to mitigate odor nuisance. Good housekeeping will be mandatory at the STP site to prevent pest and vector nuisance.

B. Sludge Management Plan

126. A detailed sludge management plan will be prepared as part of the DPR for the project and it shall be ensured by the ULB that it will be implemented during the operation phase of the project. 127. Sludge is to be removed from the STP once in about two years. Sludge drying bed is provided for the drying of sludge. Sludge that is drawn to the beds will contain 4 -10% solids depending upon the type of sludge. 128. Wet sludge will be applied to the beds to a depth of 20 to 30 cm. After each layer of dried sludge has been removed, the bed will be raked and leveled. Sludge will never be discharged on a bed containing dried or partially dried sludge. It is preferable to apply the sludge at least a day or two after the sludge cakes are removed. 129. The dried sludge cakes will be sold as fertilizer. Some part of the sludge will be used in the plant itself for gardening, lawns, etc., to demonstrate its fertilizer value and to develop a

42

market value for the digested and dried sludge. 130. Records of operation of sludge drying beds will show the time and quantity of sludge drawn to each bed, the depth of loading, the depth of sludge after drying time, and the quantity of dried sludge removed. The solids content of wet digested sludge, its volatile portion and pH will be determined and recorded. Likewise the moisture content and fertilizer value in terms of NPK and presence of pathogens in dried sludge will also be analysed and recorded. 131. Sludge handling workers‘ safety must be considered and safe sludge handling methods shall be employed. Personal protection equipment such as gloves; boots, etc. shall be provided. Sludge handling workers must be provided with regular free medical checkup facilities. 132. An O&M Manual will be prepared after construction of the treatment plant is completed. The O&M Manual will describe plant operations in each phase of the project with appropriate revisions for each. The Sludge Management Plan will be included in the O&M Manual. C. Institutional Requirements

1. Nodal Executing Agency (EA)

133. Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development & Finance Corporation (KUIDFC) is the nodal executing agency (EA) responsible for implementing NKUSIP. Investment Program implementation activities will be monitored by KUIDFC through a separate Investment Program Management Unit (PMU), which will be set-up within KUIDFC. The Managing Director/KUIDFC will head the PMU. A State level Environmental Specialist (ES) at PMU will look after the environmental safeguards related aspects of the project. The Managing Director will be assisted by an Executive Director at the Regional office of KUIDFC at Dharwad to oversee the Investment Program progress. Similarly, a Regional ES at the Regional Office will assist the State ES in environmental safeguards related aspects. A team of senior technical, administrative and financial officials will assist the Executive Director in controlling and monitoring Investment Program implementation activities. The Executive Director at Regional Offices are Supported by Divisional Program Offices headed by Divisional Program Director, located at 4 geographical Regions; Gulbarga, Bellary, Dharwad and Belgaum. Divisional ESs at these Divisional Program Offices will assist the Regional ES in environmental safeguards related aspects. 134. The consultant team will be under the Divisional Programme Director and will be involved in project planning, preparation of subproject and cost estimates, coordination, technical guidance and supervision, financial control, training and overall subproject management. ES of the Consultant will supervise the implementation of environmental safeguards at the Divisional level. The Construction Supervision Specialist (CSS) of the Consultant at each ULB will be responsible for the supervision of project implementation including the environmental safeguards at the ULB level. Assistant Executive Engineer (AEE) of the ULB will also supervise the project implementation including the environmental safeguards. All Investment Program decisions will be made by the Executive Director who shall operate from the PMU, Dharwad; only interactions with GoK, GoI and ADB shall be conducted through the KUIDFC office at Bangalore. 135. A state level Empowered Committee for investment Program with representatives from GoK and PMU of KUIDFC has been constituted and Executive Director from Dharwad will be reporting to this committee as and when needed. The committee members include Additional

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Chief Secretary (Committee Chair), MD of KUIDFC (Committee Secretary), Principal Secretary of the Urban Development Department, Principal Secretary of Planning Department, Secretary for municipalities and urban development authorities of Urban Development Department, secretary for expenditure of the finance department and director of Directorate of Municipal Administration.

2. Implementing Agency (IA)

136. The ultimate implementation responsibility lies with ULB in co ordination with various other Departments of GoK. The programme component A, B, E will be implemented by ULB reporting to Divisional Program Director. Under the component B, for bulk water supply, Karnataka urban Water Supply and Drainage Board (KUWSDB) will be acting on behalf of ULB reporting to Divisional Program Director. Slum upgradation will be done through Karnataka Slum Clearance Board reporting to Executive Programme Director. Component D will be implemented through co ordination of Karnataka State Fire & Emergency Services, The lake Development Authority, Department of Information and relevant ULB reporting to Executive Programme Director. Component F will be implemented through DMA and or KUIDFC reporting to Programme Director and Component G through KUIDFC reporting to Programme Director. 137. Other than the above institutional setup, District Level Programme Steering Committee will be set up in each district to monitor implementation of subprojects and institutional reforms. The District Level Programme Steering Committee shall consist of Deputy Commissioner of District, Divisional Program Director from concerned divisional office, Municipal Commissioners‘ / Chief Officers of Investment programme ULB and President / Chair of investment programme ULB. The District Level Programme Steering Committee will be reporting to Executive Programme Director. The organization hierarchy is as presented in the following Figure.

Figure 10: NKUSIP Implementing Organisation Hierarchy Component A - Sanitation (Sewerage & Drainage) Component B – Water Supply Component C – Slum Improvement Component D –Non Municipal Infrastructure Component E - Urban Transportation Component F – Institutional Development Component G - Investment Program Assistance 138. Implementation Agencies (IA) will oversee sub-project component implementation at the sub-project towns, where the Investment Program ULB will implement sub-project components. The responsibilities of the IA shall include (i) carrying out detailed surveys, investigations and engineering designs of individual infrastructure components; (ii) tendering, evaluating bids and awarding works, contract administration, supervision and quality control; (iii) measuring works carried out by the contractors and certifying payments; (iv) conducting public awareness campaigns and participation programs, (v) carrying out environmental assessments; (vi) obtaining all statutory environmental and other clearances as applicable for each sub-project; and (vii) preparing monthly reports. The Investment Program Consultants (PC) will assist the Investment Program ULB in all the aforesaid activities; in the case of other IAs, the PC shall proof check designs and quality check construction quality. 139. Thus, the responsibility fulfilling environmental requirements of GoI / GoK and conducting required level of environmental assessment as per ADB guidelines lies with the

44

borrowing ULB. The Investment Program Consultants will assist the ULB in this regard. The IEE/EIA reports prepared by ULB will be reviewed by the PMU as per the ADB‘s Environmental Guidelines and forwarded to ADB for review and approval. In case of IEE reports, the ADB could delegate approval of IEE reports fully to the PMU after reviewing the first two reports. However, all the EIA reports shall be sent to ADB for approval. 140. The mitigation measures identified through IEE/EIA are incorporated into the Investment Program cycle. Mitigation measures, which are implemented by the Contractor, shall form part of the Contract Documents. The other mitigation measures are undertaken by the ULB (itself or in assistance with Investment Program Consultants) as specified in the IEE. 141. The mitigation measures will be integrated into project design and tender documents. Using this approach, the mitigation measures will automatically become part of the project construction and operation phase. By including mitigation measures in the contract or in specific items in the Bill of Quantities (BoQ), the project contractor will be bound by the parameters identified in the IEE pertaining to specific mitigation measures in the contract.

Table 12: Institutional Roles and Responsibilities Investment Program Phase

Activity Details Responsible Agency

Pre construction phase

Investment Program Categorization

Conduct Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) for each sub-components using REA checklists

ULB

Reviewing the REA and assigning Investment Program category (Ea/Eb/Ec) based on NKUSIP Environmental Assessment Guidelines and ADB Guidelines

PMU

Conducting EA Conducting IEE/EIA based on the Investment Program categorization Conducting Public Consultation and information disclosure Preparation of SIEE/SEIA

Investment Program Consultants

Investment Program clearances

Fulfilling GoK/GoI requirement such as clearances from other Government Agencies

ULB

Review of EIA/IEE Reviewing the EIA/IEE and SEIA/SIEE Reports to ensure compliance of the report as per ADB Guidelines and approval of the same

PMU

Disclosure of SEIA/SIEE Information disclosure -SIEE/SEIA reports should be made available to the public, and on request IEE/EIA also made available.

ULB

Incorporation of mitigation measures into Investment Program design

Incorporation of necessary mitigation measures identified in IEE/EIA in Investment Program design and in contract documents.

Investment Program Consultants

Review of design documents

Review of design and contractual documents for compliance of mitigation measures

PMU

Construction Phase

Implementation of mitigation measures

Implementation of necessary mitigation measures

Contractor

Monitoring Environmental monitoring as specified in monitoring plan during construction stage; monitoring of implementation of mitigation measures

Investment Program Consultants

Preparation of progress reports

Preparation of monthly progress reports to be submitted to PMU including a section on implementation of the mitigation measures

ULB in assistance of PC

Review of progress reports PMU to review the progress reports, consolidate and send to ADB review

PMU

Operation Stage

Environmental Monitoring Conducting environmental monitoring, as specified in the Environmental Management

ULB

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Investment Program Phase

Activity Details Responsible Agency

Plan.

Compliance Monitoring Compliance monitoring to review the environmental performance of sub-project component, if required and as specified in Monitoring Plan

KSPCB

3. Environmental Safeguards Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism

142. As explained in the previous sections, the environment Safeguard monitoring system of NKUSIP includes the specific roles assigned to the contractor, CSS, Consultants ES, Divisional ES, Regional ES as well as the State ES. The role of each in environmental safeguard monitoring system is summarized below: Contractor

(i) The Contractor shall be responsible for the implementation of necessary mitigation measures as per the Bid document & agreement.

(ii) The EMP requirements mentioned shall be strictly adhered by the Contractor which are legally binding.

Construction Supervision Specialist (CSS)

(i) CSS will be monitoring the critical environmental safeguards (ii) Submit report (hard copy and soft copy) in each month for each sub-component

project of the town to Program Consultant (PC) by AEE (NKUSIP). Consultant’s ES

(i) Consultant shall ensure that the EMP requirements are included in the Bid document and agreement.

(ii) Environmental monitoring as specified in monitoring plan for the implementation of mitigation measures during construction activity.

(iii) Preparation of monthly progress reports to be submitted to PMU including a section on implementation of the mitigation measures

(iv) Divisional ES (v) Will visit each town once in a month and observe the compliance of the EMP

against the IEE for each sub-component. (vi) Training of officers involved in the project on EMP monitoring as given in IEE or

as required. (vii) Submit a report to RO office once in a month

Regional ES

(i) Visit few towns in each package once in a month and observe the compliance of the EMP as given in the IEE for each sub-component.

(ii) Training of officers involved in the project on EMP monitoring as given in IEE as required.

(iii) Submit consolidated reports once in a month to PMU in each month.

State ES (i) Visit to towns and training as and when required. (ii) Analysis and consolidation of reports submitted by RO. (iii) Submission of reports to ADB.

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D. Training Needs

143. As described in the above table the PMU will involve in monitoring the Investment Program implementation while the ULB will implement the Investment Program. It is therefore important that these agencies and particularly the officials involved in the Investment Program to have understanding of the ADB‘s environmental assessment procedures and also of environmental issues of various urban infrastructure components. As far as implementation of mitigation measures on site is concerned the Contractor will be involved. Hence, it is important to orient the contractors and supervisory staff towards the implementation of mitigation measures and their consequences. Hence, considering the existing capabilities of the agencies involved in NKUSIP, the following training program is suggested. The proposed training programme is for the overall need of NKUSIP and is being implemented by KUIDFC. The cost for the same has been included in the institutional strengthening component of NKUSIP.

Table 13: Training Needs (2008 – 2016) Description Contents Schedule Participants

Program 1

Orientation Program / Workshop for Implementing Agency and Executing Agency

Module 1 – Orientation

Investment Program Cycle of NKUSIP

ADB Safeguards Policy Statement (SPS), 2009

EA requirements of NKUSIP

Indian Environmental Laws & Regulations relating to urban infrastructure Investment Program

Environmental impacts of urban infrastructure Investment Programs Module 2 Environmental Assessment Process

Investment Program categorization as per ADB

IEE/EIA process, Formats and Reports

Identification of Environmental Impacts

Identification Mitigation Measures

Formulation of Environmental Management Plan

Implementation and Monitoring

Summary EIA/IEEs

Review of EIA/IEE reports to comply with ADB requirements

Incorporation of mitigating measures in the Investment Program design and contracts

2 days

PMU officials involved in the Investment Program

ULB officials involved in Investment Program implementation

Program - 2

Orientation Program / Workshop for Contractors and Supervisory staff

Module 1 Implementation of Mitigation Measures

Environmental issues related urban infrastructure Investment Programs during construction

Implementation of mitigation measures

1 day

Contractors involved in NKUSIP

Supervisory staff of ULB

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Description Contents Schedule Participants

Monitoring of implementation

O&M training and Technology Transfer

Program - 3

Experience Sharing

Module – Experiences and Best Practices

Experiences on implementation in terms of environmental concerns of implemented Investment Programs

Best Practices followed

1 day (every alternative year from the start of Investment Program, i.e. 2008)

PMU officials

ULB officials

Local NGOs

Mitigation Activities / Measures &

Parameters to be Monitored

Location Monitoring Method Frequency Mitigation/ Monitoring

Responsibility

A. Design/Location Stage Monitoring

Check for Construction related impacts and mitigation measures - Incorporation of mitigation measures into the bidding and civil contract documents

N.A. Verification of contract documents

One-off inspection before signing of the contract

PMU

All designs of components include proper consideration of environment (i.e., water and air quality, noise pollution, sludge management)

N.A. Proposed designs of DSC One time before final design phase

Consultants (CSS)

Design of occupational safety measures

N.A. Proposed designs of DSC One time before final design phase

CSS

Training programs for staff by consultants

N.A. As needed before and during implementation

CSS

Gas monitoring for sewage pipes - Adequate monitoring of gas may not be possible due to distant manhole spacing. Manhole shall be designed considering worker/s safety.

Sewer pipes and Manholes

Gas monitoring in the sewerage network

Monthly once as part of Plant operation

ULB with the assistance of Program consultants

All location and design related mitigation measures to mitigate loss of amenity and nuisance; and sludge disposal. Appropriate design of process and layout is required.

N.A. Incorporation of mitigation measures in the design including air dispersion modeling for STP site. Checking/Verification of Investment program Design documents

One-off inspection of designs

PMU/ULB/ Program consultants

Disposal of treated waste water – Sale of treated wastewater to

STP Site observation; farmer survey Monthly ULB

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Mitigation Activities / Measures &

Parameters to be Monitored

Location Monitoring Method Frequency Mitigation/ Monitoring

Responsibility

farmers for irrigation and usage of treated waste water for ponding systems for aquaculture

B. Construction Stage Monitoring

Monitoring of water quality of the nallah flowing adjacent to the STP site.

STP site One time grab sampling once Contractor/ PMU/ULB/CSS

All construction related mitigation measures; Construction site management plan to control dust and noise nuisance, and road blocks

N.A. Incorporation of mitigation measures in the contract documents Verification of contract documents before signing the contract

One-off inspection of contract document

PMU

Implementation of Construction site management plan: dust and noise nuisance at site; and traffic maintenance

Sewer laying sites and surroundings

Monitoring of air quality and noise is not required. The implementation of mitigation measures (usage of standard equipment complying with CPCB Noise Standards for construction equipments) and assessment of the situation through visual inspection and interviews with local people shall be ensured.

Weekly Contractor and ULB with the assistance of Investment Program Consultants

Beneficial usage of waste soil (construction, land raising, infill)

All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/CSS

Waste soil removal as soon as it is excavated

All sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/CSS

Usage of tarpaulins to cover soil when transported on trucks

All sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/CSS

Avoidance of narrow local roads when transporting soil

From STP Observations off site; CC record Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/CSS

Avoidance of transporting soil during peak traffic periods

From STP Observations on and off site Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/CSS

Coverage or damping down stockpiled soil in dry weather

Inhabited areas

Site observations Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/CSS

Conduction of all excavation work in the dry season

All sites Site observations Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/CSS

Pumping groundwater from excavated areas and provide to farmers

STP site Site observations; farmer survey Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/CSS

Leaving spaces for access between mounds of soil

Network sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/CSS

Provision for planks/walkways to allow people & vehicles to cross open trenches

Network sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/CSS

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Mitigation Activities / Measures &

Parameters to be Monitored

Location Monitoring Method Frequency Mitigation/ Monitoring

Responsibility

Removal of trees only if it cannot be avoided

All sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/CSS

Plantation and maintenance of two trees for every one removed

All sites Observations on/off site; CC records

Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/CSS

*Compensation for businesses for lost income

Where required

Shopkeeper survey; LSGD record

As needed Contractor/ PMU/ULB/CSS

Increase of workforce in inhabited areas to finish work quickly

Network sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/CSS

Advance information to shopkeepers and residents of work

Network sites Resident surveys; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/CSS

Confirmation of location of infrastructure and avoid these sites

Network sites Site observation; design reports Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/CSS

Location of water and sewer pipes on opposite sides of roads

Network sites Site observation; design reports Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/CSS

Integration of subprojects to conduct trenching at same time

Network sites Site observation; design reports Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/CSS

Work conduction during light traffic

Network sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/CSS

Ensuring that police provide traffic diversions when required

Network sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/CSS

Proper planning for transport routes to avoid narrow streets, important or fragile buildings, religious and tourism sites

Network sites Observations off site: CC record Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/CSS

Proper planning of work to avoid peak traffic and main festival/tourism season

Network sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/CSS

Avoidance of using pneumatic drills near buildings at risk from vibration

Network sites Site observations; CC records Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/CSS

Usage of modern vehicles and machinery and proper maintenance as specified

All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/CSS

Consultation with authorities, custodians of buildings, communities to address key issues and avoid working at sensitive times

Network sites Site observations; CC records; resident surveys

Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/CSS

Preparation and All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/

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Mitigation Activities / Measures &

Parameters to be Monitored

Location Monitoring Method Frequency Mitigation/ Monitoring

Responsibility

implementation of a site H&S Plan (safety of workers/public)

PMU/ULB/CSS

Exclusion of public from the site

All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/CSS

Ensuring that workers wear Personal Protective Equipment

All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/CSS

Provision for Health and Safety training for all personnel

All sites CC records; worker interviews Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/CSS

Following of documented procedures for all site activities

All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/CSS

Maintenance of accident reports and records

All sites CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/CSS

Employ at least 50% of workforce from communities near sites

All sites CC records; worker interviews Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/CSS

C. Operation Stage Monitoring

Baseline water quality Nallah flowing adjacent to the STP

Water quality testing for parameters such as pH, BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, coliforms, etc.

Monthly once as part of Plant operation

ULB

Clogging of drains Sewer network sites

Proper maintenance with periodical cleaning or scrapping of drains or de-silting/de-weeding, etc.

Monthly once as part of Plant operation

ULB

Potential for gas explosion in Pipes – gas monitoring

Sewer pipes Gas monitoring in the sewerage network

Monthly once as part of Plant operation

ULB

Odor emission control at STP and Sewerage System

STP and Sewer network

Proper operation and Maintenance of the Sewerage and STP system. Frequent flushing or scraping. Solid separation; keeping solid stockpiles dry and preferably covered or compost them. Windbreaks to reduce airflow across STP. Buffer zone in the form of landscaping and earthwork shall be created and well maintained around the STP site.

Regular/routine –daily maintenance

ULB

Check for contamination of ground water /agricultural fields due to discharge of untreated/partially treated sewage i) Influent wastewater quality

Inlet of STP

- Analysis of Wastewater characteristics including heavy metals such as Mercury (as Hg), Lead (as Pb), Cadmium (as Cd), Chromium (as Cr), Zinc (as Zn) and Nickel (as Ni)

- Monthly once as part of Plant operation

ULB

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Mitigation Activities / Measures &

Parameters to be Monitored

Location Monitoring Method Frequency Mitigation/ Monitoring

Responsibility

ii) Treated wastewater quality at outlet discharge point of STP

Outlet of STP Analysis of treated wastewater characteristics to comply with PCB disposal standards: BOD < 30mg/l • pH – 6.5 –8.0 SS < 100mg/l

Seasonal (four seasons) as third party monitoring

ULB

Implementation of Sludge Management Plan - Check for health hazards due to sludge handling -Health status of STP staff involved in sludge handling

N.A. Health check up for STP staff Yearly once ULB

Emergency plan for

Power supply management to minimize risks on the receiving waters

Pumping Station and STP

Under emergency situations such as power failure in the pumping stations, diesel operated generators have been proposed. In case of failure of generators, the sewage collected in the well will be pumped using diesel pump sets, conveyed by truck and properly disposed into the STP. In case of failure of screens, the sewage will be

Whenever there is power (regular supply) failure

ULB

bypassed to the wet well. In STP also, generator has been provided to tackle the power problem. Approval from KSPCB will be obtained.

Detection and repairing of sewer leaks rapidly and effectively

Network sites Site observation; resident survey Monthly ULB

Sale of dried inert sludge to farmers to fertilize land

STP Site observation; farmer survey Monthly ULB

Advance information of work to shopkeepers and residents

Network sites Resident surveys Monthly ULB

Provision of walkways/planks for public and vehicles

Network sites Site observation; resident survey Monthly ULB

Requesting police to divert traffic if necessary

Network sites Site observations Monthly ULB

Avoidance of usage of drills or heavy vehicles near fragile buildings

Network sites Site observations Monthly ULB

Completion of work quickly in sensitive areas

Network sites Site observations; OMC records Monthly ULB

Consultation with communities to avoid working during sensitive periods

Network sites Site observation; resident survey Monthly ULB

Preparation and operation of H&S plan

All sites Site observations; OMC records Monthly ULB

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Mitigation Activities / Measures &

Parameters to be Monitored

Location Monitoring Method Frequency Mitigation/ Monitoring

Responsibility

to protect workers and citizens

Economic benefits to local people - STP workers should be residents of neighbouring areas

STP Employer record; worker survey Monthly ULB

Survey of chemical and bacteriological quality of STP effluent

STP Water quality sampling/analysis Monthly for 5 years

ULB

Bacteriological surveys of dried STP sludge

STP Bacterial sampling/analysis Monthly for 5 years

ULB

Survey of public health and incidence of water borne disease

HDMC area Hospital records; resident surveys

Annual for 6 years

ULB

E. Environmental Monitoring Plan

144. The following tables indicate the recommended environmental monitoring programs for sewerage component in Dharwad. The monitoring program has been developed based on the impacts identified on various environmental parameters in the earlier section.

Table 15: Occupational Health Risks and Safety Plan for Workers Components Location Activities Health Risks Safety

Measures Monitoring Responsibility

1. Construction Stage

Sewerage System

All construction sites

Trenching and laying of pipe lines Handling of equipments and machines Loading, transportation and unloading of equipments / construction materials

Respiratory problems due to dust, accidents due to traffic problems, loading and unloading, and stock piling causing injuries or death

Providing personal protective equipments such as helmet, mask, boots, gloves, etc. Traffic Management and Construction site access control Providing first aid and safety training to construction staff Removal of excess or waste materials immediately from the site after completion of the work and wetting of the area Following documented procedures for all site activities

Daily inspection throughout construction stage. Monthly inspection of accident reports and complaints register

Contractor, PMU and ULB

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Components Location Activities Health Risks Safety Measures

Monitoring Responsibility

Maintenance of accident reports and records

2. Operation Stage

Sewerage System

Sewer networks and STP site

Repair work and de-silting Sewer cleaning – sewage mixed with hazardous materials and industrial waste Treating ground water contamination

Eye irritation, Respiratory problems and skin problems such as allergy and injuries

Providing personal protective equipments such as mask, boots, gloves, etc. Immediate medical attention and first aid

Monthly inspection of operation and maintenance; and accident records

ULB

Gas monitoring in sewer pipes

Respiratory problems – allergy, nausea, asphyxia, etc.

First aid and awareness training to staff

Chlorine Handling

Eye irritation, Respiratory problems - allergy, nausea, asphyxia, etc. and skin problems

Storage of chemicals in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area in tightly sealed containers Training to operators for safe handling of chemicals Installation of safety showers and eye wash units/stations near all chlorine using units/areas Immediate medical attention – first aid, at emergency Health check-up for STP staff

Monthly inspection of operation and maintenance records Monthly health check-up for workers Maintenance of accident reports and records

ULB

Handling of chemicals other than Chlorine

Sludge handling

F. Cost Estimates of Environmental Management Plan

145. A preliminary cost estimate has been made for implementation of proposed Environmental Management Plan for NKUSIP program in HDMC, which is presented in Table 17, below.

Table 16: Block Cost Estimates for Environmental Management Plan Sl. No.

Item Sampling Method / Frequency of Monitoring

Cost per Annum (Rs)

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1. Water quality monitoring during operation period

1.1. Water quality of the nallah flowing adjacent to the STP@ approx. Rs. 5000 / sample for monitoring and analysis.

Grab sample / Once 5,000.00

2. Water quality monitoring during operation period

2.1. Sewage quality at the inlet of STP @ approx. Rs. 5000 / sample for monitoring and analysis.

Grab sample / Once in a month

60,000.00

2.2. Treated sewage quality monitoring at the outlet of STP @ approx. Rs. 5000 / sample for monitoring and analysis.

Grab sample / Once in a month

60,000.00

2.3. Treated sewage quality monitoring by third party @ approx. Rs. 5000 / sample for monitoring and analysis.

Grab sample / Once in four season per year

20,000.00

3. Sludge quality monitoring @ approx. Rs. 5000 / sample for monitoring and analysis.

Grab sample / Once in two years

2,500.00

Total 147,500.00

Cost of training programs will be part of the capacity enhancement program of NKUSIP.

VII. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

A. Findings

146. Based on the screening of environmental impacts, all the proposed sub-project components in Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation are found to be environmentally acceptable and therefore able to proceed to the implementation phase. In most cases, particular environmental issues identified are those that are typical for the type of component, and a range of proven mitigation strategies exist to address them. Table 18 indicates the environmental

consideration of the proposed infrastructure components.

Table 17: Environmental Issues of Infrastructure Components

Infrastructure Component

Environmental Impact Issue Environmental Mitigations

Sewage treatment plant and sewerage upgradation

• Sludge handling and disposal • Construction and operation impacts

Appropriate mitigation measures as suggested

147. As described above, most impacts are relevant to typical construction and operation. The important sets of mitigation measures, which are relevant to most of the components, include preparation of activity plans using appropriate mitigation measures identified in the earlier sections. These activity plans include:

(i) Sludge Management and Disposal Plan (to address sludge handling and disposal impacts at the STP).

(ii) Health Risk Plan (to address the health related impacts of the STP workers and Sanitary workers)

148. These activity plans should be prepared by the ULB associated by Investment Program Consultant as compendium of the relevant mitigation measures identified in earlier section. They should form part of the contractual arrangements with construction contractors, or directly implemented by the ULB as facility operator, as required ‗ Work Practices‘. B. Recommendations

149. It is recommended that the PMU should be involved in monitoring the implementation of those components that are critical to acceptable environmental performance of the component. Owing to the location of proposed facilities and geographical setting of the town/region as a

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whole, no major impacts envisaged from any of the proposed sub-component Investment Programs in HDMC. In view of this importance, the PMU is delegated with the monitoring responsibility of the design stage to ensure the environmental sustainability of the NKUSIP. C. Conclusions

150. It may be emphasized that, owning to: (i) scale of activity, (ii) location of the proposed sub-project component, and (iii) ‗no environmental sensitivity‘ of the sub-project town, none of the components required to go through the process of EIA. It may be emphasized that the present IEE, which identifies potential impacts and suggests appropriate mitigation measures, is sufficient enough to safeguard the environment. There are no significant adverse impacts, which are irreversible or may lead to considerable loss/destruction of environment, envisaged. All the impacts are simple and moreover proven mitigation measures exists to minimize/mitigate the same. Hence, no further study such as an EIA is required. 151. The commissioning of the proposed STP will improve the general hygiene and sanitation of the Dharward. The environment will be healthier and cleaner and the surface water bodies will improve their quality. The Project is considered not to have significant adverse environmental impacts and classification under category B is considered appropriate. No EIA as such is mandatory. 152. It is concluded that the proposed construction of STP should proceed, with appropriate mitigation measures and monitoring programs identified in the IEE and the above recommendations attained above

56 Appendix 1

APPENDIX 1: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist

Instructions: This checklist is to be prepared to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form that is to be prepared and submitted to the Chief

Compliance Officer of the Regional and Sustainable Development Department. This checklist is to be completed with the assistance of an Environment Specialist in a Regional Department. This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB checklists and handbooks on (i) involuntary resettlement, (ii) indigenous peoples planning, (iii) poverty reduction, (iv) participation, and (v) gender and development. Answer the questions assuming the ―without mitigation‖ case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the ―remarks‖ section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

Country/Project Title:

Sector Division:

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks

A. Project Siting Is the project area…

Densely populated? The population distribution shows that the town core, i.e. the Dharwad City area, is densely populated.

Heavy with development activities?

Adjacent to or within any environmentally sensitive areas?

No stretch of the sewerage subproject components is within locations in or near sensitive and valuable ecosystems, including protected areas and forests.

Cultural heritage site

Protected Area

Wetland

Mangrove

Estuarine

Buffer zone of protected area

Special area for protecting biodiversity

Bay

B. Potential Environmental Impacts Will the Project cause…

impairment of historical/cultural monuments/areas and loss/damage to these sites?

Not anticipated. The subproject will improve/prevent degradation of cultural property, loss of cultural heritage and tourism revenue.

interference with other utilities and blocking of access to buildings?

Anticipated during construction activities. However, impacts are temporary and short in duration. The EMP ensures measures are included to mitigate the impacts.

nuisance to neighboring areas due to noise, smell, and influx of insects, rodents, etc.?

Not anticipated.

dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people?

Not anticipated. STP site is owned by government.

disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and children, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable groups?

Not applicable.

impairment of downstream water quality due to inadequate sewage treatment or release of untreated sewage?

Collected sewage will be treated at the STP.

overflows and flooding of neighboring properties with raw sewage?

The subproject will improve current situation of discharging sewage to open

India / North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program

Urban Development

Appendix 1 57

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks

drains.

environmental pollution due to inadequate sludge disposal or industrial waste discharges illegally disposed in sewers?

The EMP ensures measures are included to manage sludge. Dharwad CMC to ensure only domestic sewage will be disposed in the sewer network.

noise and vibration due to blasting and other civil works?

Anticipated during construction activities. However, impacts are temporary and short in duration. The EMP ensures measures are included to mitigate the impacts.

risks and vulnerabilities related to occupational health and safety due to physical, chemical, and biological hazards during project construction and operation?

Not anticipated. The EMP ensures occupational health and safety measures are included.

discharge of hazardous materials into sewers, resulting in damage to sewer system and danger to workers?

Not anticipated. The subproject sites are predominantly residential areas. Thus discharge of hazardous materials into sewers are unlikely.

inadequate buffer zone around pumping and treatment plants to alleviate noise and other possible nuisances, and protect facilities?

The STP site includes at least 100-m buffer zone.

road blocking and temporary flooding due to land excavation during the rainy season?

Not anticipated. Construction activities will be conducted during non-monsoon season.

noise and dust from construction activities? Anticipated during construction activities. However, impacts are temporary and short in duration. The EMP ensures measures are included to mitigate the impacts.

traffic disturbances due to construction material transport and wastes?

Anticipated during construction activities. However, impacts are temporary and short in duration. The EMP ensures measures are included to mitigate the impacts. Construction contractors will be required to coordinate with the local traffic police.

temporary silt runoff due to construction? Run-off during construction will be more. However, impacts are temporary and short in duration. The EMP ensures measures are included to mitigate the impacts. Construction contractors will be prohibited from stockpiling loose materials along drain channels and will be required to immediately dispose any waste materials.

hazards to public health due to overflow flooding, and groundwater pollution due to failure of sewerage system?

Not anticipated. Design life of the subproject is 30 years.

deterioration of water quality due to inadequate sludge disposal or direct discharge of untreated sewage water?

Not anticipated. The EMP ensures measures are included to manage sludge. The STP includes an O&M Manual to ensure effluent complies with government standards.

contamination of surface and ground waters due to sludge disposal on land?

Not anticipated. The EMP ensures measures are included to manage sludge.

health and safety hazards to workers from toxic gases and hazardous materials which maybe contained in confined areas, sewage flow and exposure to pathogens in untreated sewage

Not anticipated. The EMP ensures measures are included to mitigate the impacts. An O&M Manual including emergency response, for the STP will

58 Appendix 1

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks

and unstabilized sludge? also be developed as part of the subproject.

large population increase during project construction and operation that causes increased burden on social infrastructure (such as sanitation system)?

Priority in employment will be given to local residents. Construction contractors will be required to provide workers camp with water supply and sanitation. Dharwad CMC will provide manpower to operate the improved system.

social conflicts between construction workers from other areas and community workers?

Priority in employment will be given to local residents.

risks to community health and safety due to the transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of materials such as explosives, fuel and other chemicals during construction and operation?

Not applicable. Construction will not involve use of explosives and chemicals. Trenching will be done manually.

community safety risks due to both accidental and natural hazards, especially where the structural elements or components of the project are accessible to members of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning?

Operational area will be clearly demarcated and access will be controlled. Only worker and project concerned members will be allowed to visit the operational sites.

Climate Change and Disaster Risk Questions

The following questions are not for environmental categorization. They are included in this checklist to help identify potential climate and disaster risks.

Yes No Remarks

Is the Project area subject to hazards such as earthquakes, floods, landslides, tropical cyclone winds, storm surges, tsunami or volcanic eruptions and climate changes (see Appendix I)?

Environmental factors like lithology, regolithic characteristics have very limited or no influence on the foundation, which are already found to be suitable, and the area is free from landslide problems. Any proposed facility will require compliance with government rules for seismic design.

Could changes in temperature, precipitation, or extreme events patterns over the Project lifespan affect technical or financial sustainability (e.g., increased extreme rainfall increases flooding, damaging proposed infrastructure)?

Are there any demographic or socio-economic aspects of the Project area that are already vulnerable (e.g., high incidence of marginalized populations, rural-urban migrants, illegal settlements, ethnic minorities, women or children)?

Proposed project will not impact any marginalized population, rural-urban migrants, illegal settlement, etc.

Could the Project potentially increase the climate or disaster vulnerability of the surrounding area (e.g., by paving vulnerable groundwater recharge areas, or using water from a vulnerable source that is relied upon by many user groups, or encouraging settlement in earthquake zones)?

Appendix 2 59

APPENDIX 2: RECOMMENDED CONTRACT CLAUSES

A. Sources of Materials (i) Use quarry sites and sources permitted by government; (ii) Verify suitability of all material sources and obtain approval of PMU and CSS; (iii) If additional quarries will be required after construction has started, obtain written

approval from PMU; and; (iv) Submit to CSS on a monthly basis documentation of sources of materials.

B. Air Quality

(i) Consult with CSS on the designated areas for stockpiling of clay, soils, gravel, and other construction materials;

(ii) Damp down exposed soil and any stockpiled on site by spraying with water when necessary during dry weather;

(iii) Use tarpaulins to cover sand and other loose material when transported by trucks;

(iv) Carry out air quality monitoring as per EMP; and (v) Fit all heavy equipment and machinery with air pollution control devices which

are operating correctly. C. Surface Water Quality

(i) Avoid stockpiling of earth fill especially during the monsoon season unless covered by tarpaulins or plastic sheets;

(ii) Prioritize re-use of excess spoils and materials in the construction works. If spoils will be disposed, consult with PMU/CSS on designated disposal areas;

(iii) Install temporary silt traps or sedimentation basins along the drainage leading to the water bodies;

(iv) Place storage areas for fuels and lubricants away from any drainage leading to water bodies;

(v) Dispose any wastes generated by construction activities in designated sites; and (vi) Conduct surface quality inspection according to the Environmental Management

Plan (EMP). D. Noise Levels

(i) Plan activities in consultation with PMU/CSS so that activities with the greatest potential to generate noise are conducted during periods of the day which will result in least disturbance;

(ii) Horns should not be used unless it is necessary to warn other road users or animals of the vehicle‘s approach;

(iii) Minimize noise from construction equipment by using vehicle silencers, fitting jackhammers with noise-reducing mufflers, and portable street barriers the sound impact to surrounding sensitive receptor;

(iv) Measurement of noise level at construction site as per EMP, and (v) Maintain maximum sound levels not exceeding 80 decibels (dB(A)) when

measured at a distance of 10 m or more from the vehicle/s. E. Existing Infrastructure and Facilities

(i) Obtain from PMU/CSS the list of affected utilities and operators; (ii) Prepare a contingency plan to include actions to be done in case of unintentional

interruption of services

60 Appendix 2

F. Accessibility (i) Plan transportation routes so that heavy vehicles do not use narrow local roads,

except in the immediate vicinity of delivery sites; (ii) Schedule transport and hauling activities during non-peak hours; (iii) Locate entry and exit points in areas where there is low potential for traffic

congestion; (iv) Keep the site free from all unnecessary obstructions; (v) Drive vehicles in a considerate manner; (vi) Coordinate with Traffic Police/ concerned department for temporary road

diversions and with for provision of traffic aids if transportation activities cannot be avoided during peak hours; and

(vii) Notify affected sensitive receptors by providing sign boards informing nature and duration of construction works and contact numbers for concerns/complaints.

G. Landscape and Aesthetics

(i) Prepare and implement Waste Management Plan; (ii) Recover used oil and lubricants and reuse or remove from the sites; (iii) Manage solid waste according to the following preference hierarchy: reuse,

recycling and disposal to designated areas; (iv) Remove all wreckage, rubbish, or temporary structures (such as buildings,

shelters, and latrines) which are no longer required; and (v) Request PMU/CSS to report in writing that the necessary environmental

restoration work has been adequately performed before acceptance of work. H. Socio-Economic – Income

(i) Leave spaces for access between mounds of soil; (ii) Provide walkways and metal sheets where required to maintain access for

people and vehicles; (iii) Increase workforce in front of critical areas such as institutions, place of worship,

business establishment, hospitals, and schools; (iv) Consult businesses and institutions regarding operating hours and factoring this

in work schedules; and (v) Provide sign boards for pedestrians to inform nature and duration of construction

works and contact numbers for concerns/complaints. I. Socio-Economic – Employment

(i) Employ at least 50% of the labour force, or to the maximum extent, local persons within the 2-km immediate area if manpower is available; and

(ii) Secure construction materials from local market. J. Occupational Health and Safety

(i) Develop and implement site-specific Health and Safety (H and S) Plan which will include measures such as: (a) excluding public from the site; (b) ensuring all workers are provided with and use Personal Protective Equipment; (c) H and S Training for all site personnel; (d) documented procedures to be followed for all site activities; and (e) documentation of work-related accidents;

(ii) Ensure that qualified first-aid can be provided at all times. Equipped first-aid stations shall be easily accessible throughout the site;

(iii) Provide medical insurance coverage for workers; (iv) Secure all installations from unauthorized intrusion and accident risks; (v) Provide supplies of potable drinking water;

Appendix 2 61

(vi) (vi)Provide clean eating areas where workers are not exposed to hazardous or noxious substances;

(vii) Provide H and S orientation training to all new workers to ensure that they are apprised of the basic site rules of work at the site, personal protective protection, and preventing injuring to fellow workers;

(viii) Provide visitor orientation if visitors to the site can gain access to areas where hazardous conditions or substances may be present. Ensure also that visitor/s do not enter hazard areas unescorted;

(ix) Ensure the visibility of workers through their use of high visibility vests when working in or walking through heavy equipment operating areas;

(x) Ensure moving equipment is outfitted with audible back-up alarms; (xi) Mark and provide sign boards for hazardous areas such as energized electrical

devices and lines, service rooms housing high voltage equipment, and areas for storage and disposal. Signage shall be in accordance with international standards and be well known to, and easily understood by workers, visitors, and the general public as appropriate; and

(xii) Disallow worker exposure to noise level greater than 85 dB(A) for a duration of more than 8 hours per day without hearing protection. The use of hearing protection shall be enforced actively.

K. Community Health and Safety

(i) Plan routes to avoid times of peak-pedestrian activities. (ii) Liaise with PMU/CSS in identifying high-risk areas on route cards/maps. (iii) Maintain regularly the vehicles and use of manufacturer-approved parts to

minimize potentially serious accidents caused by equipment malfunction or premature failure.

(iv) Provide road signs and flag persons to warn of dangerous conditions. L. Work Camps

(i) Consult with PMU/CSS before locating project offices, sheds, and construction plants;

(ii) Minimize removal of vegetation and disallow cutting of trees; (iii) Provide water and sanitation facilities for employees; (iv) Prohibit employees from poaching wildlife and cutting of trees for firewood; (v) Train employees in the storage and handling of materials which can potentially

cause soil contamination; (vi) Recover used oil and lubricants and reuse or remove from the site; (vii) Manage solid waste according to the following preference hierarchy: reuse,

recycling and disposal to designated areas; (viii) Remove all wreckage, rubbish, or temporary structures (such as buildings,

shelters, and latrines) which are no longer required; and (ix) Request SIPMU/CSS to report in writing that the camp has been vacated and

restored to pre-project conditions before acceptance of work. M. Social and Cultural Resources

(i) Strictly follow the protocol for chance finds of any historical remnants in any excavation work;

(ii) Request PMU/CSS or any authorized person with field training to observe excavation;

(iii) Stop work immediately to allow further investigation if any finds are suspected; and

62 Appendix 2

(iv) Inform PMU/CSS if a find is suspected, and take any action they require ensuring its removal or protection in site.