income generation - article (2)

3535thth Pakistan Congress of Zoology Pakistan Congress of Zoology (International)(International)

March 1-4, 2015, University of Karachi, Pakistan

Role of Fisheries in Income Role of Fisheries in Income Generation in Poor Population Generation in Poor Population

of Sindhof Sindh

Prof. Dr. Rizwan Raheem AhmedProf Jolita Vveinhard

Mr. Nawaz AhmadProf. Dr. Nadeem Ahmed Tamimi

Ms. Sheema Haider

Introduction & Background of the ResearchThe objective of this research is to examine the income generation possibilities of poor population of Sindh, who are engaged in Fisheries industry. Since in coastal areas of Sindh the living population is very poor and even lives below the poverty line. Therefore, the role of Fisheries’ Industry is many fold in this context because the role of Fisheries’ are very imperative and vital in order to generate income opportunities to the masses of population who are engaged with this industry.

Introduction & Background of the ResearchOur coastal belt is 1050 km long and fishing area is approximately 300,270 sq km is ready to serve for job for every one, where Sindh Province is containing half of it approximately. Therefore, most of the poor rushed to coastal belt and inland watercourses. It is very old practice that human settlements are found across the water resources. The Pakistani Fisheries is also accommodating rich and industrial personnel.

Introduction & Background of the ResearchThe Fisheries industry’s is not required any type of mandatory registration and investment. There are 35 segments of this industry and every segment is having very large opportunities for poor. It is also observed that this industry is labor-intensive industry. Poor can increase their income in many fold by increasing their efforts. Every segment is having 10-15 portions. Like the segment of aquarium Fisheries is having 16 portions i.e.

Introduction & Background of the Research1) Aquarium fish collecting Fishermen,

2) Middlemen, 3) Shor-term Stockers, 4) Long-term stockers,

5) Accessories Retailers, 6) accessories Wholesalers,

7) Accessories Khaipias,

8) Exporters, 9) Importers,

1)

Introduction & Background of the Research10) Medicine Maker,

11) Food Maker, 12) Glass Seller, 13) Aquarium Making product Seller,

14) Carpenters, 15) Toys Makers,

16) Electricians,

17) Researchers, 18) Accessories Repairers.

Introduction & Background of the Research

All of these 18 portions are for fresh water aquariums fishes. Similarly, 16 portions are also present for Marine trade. 35 segments will definitely contains 525 portions. It is found that the title of every portion reveals that it is containing income generation probabilities for poor of Sindh Province. So, in this way the Fisheries’ industry not only providing new job opportunities in this area but also plays a vital role to reduce the poverty.

Present Situation Of Fisheries

Fisheries sector of Pakistan represents an important source of employment, income and foreign exchange earnings.

It contributes only 0.99% of total nation GDP and 3.9% of agriculture and total 6% of total Foreign Exchange.

Present Situation of Fisheries

The major source of fish in Pakistan are the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of Pakistan which extends upto 200 N.M and 8.5 million Hectares of Inland water.

About 26% of total production consumed locally, the rest in either exported of resources as fish meal, the supply of fish per capita is estimated to be 1.8kg/year.

Present Situation of Fisheries

Government of Pakistan is taking keen interest in the development of fisheries sector.

Enhancement of fish production, measures in exports earnings as well as domestic consumption of fish diversification of fishing efforts, utilization of the fishermen communities.

Role of Fishery Industry in the Role of Fishery Industry in the Economy of PakistanEconomy of Pakistan

Fisheries play an important role in national economy.

Provides employment to about 400,000 fishermen directly and 600,000 people in ancillary industries.

Total value of Fish Products is PKR 50 billion. Contribution to Labour Force is 1%. Export Potential US$1.5 billion, actual US$213Mio

Role of Fisheries Industry in the Role of Fisheries Industry in the Economy of PakistanEconomy of Pakistan

Major source of export earning

Exports of fish and fishery products

2010-11 2011-12

PKR 25314 million

PKR 28598 million

Role of Fisheries Industry in the Role of Fisheries Industry in the Economy of PakistanEconomy of Pakistan

Major source of export earning Growth

Exports of fish and fishery products

2010-11 2011-12

1.9% 1.8%

Fish Harbors Of PakistanFish Harbors Of Pakistan

Karachi Fisheries Harbour

Korangi Fish Harbour

Pasni Fish Harbour

Gawadar Fish Harbour

Export Of Fisheries ProductsExport Of Fisheries Products

Fish and fishery products are processed and Exported to over 50 countries.

50% of Fishery Products are exported to European Union Countries.

20% to USA, & remaining 30% to other Countries.

Export Of Fisheries ProductsExport Of Fisheries Products

Canada USA Denmark Japan Holland Norway

Iceland Korea Hong Kong Taiwan Singapore Malaysia

Number Of Fish Workers Number Of Fish Workers Engaged in Fisheries SectorEngaged in Fisheries Sector

Fisheries sector in Pakistan provides employment to about 300,000 fishermen directly.

In addition, another 400,000 people are employed in ancillary industries

Major Fisher folk Major Fisher folk Settlements/Town in SindhSettlements/Town in Sindh

Mubarak village Mauripur Hawks Bay Ibrahim Hyderi Rehri Village Salih Abad Bhit Island Baba Island

Shamas Pir. Kakka Village Kiamari Chasma Village Lath Basti Shah Bandar Keti Bunder Jaati Badin, etc.

500 Ac

2441 Ac

8527 Ac

4000 Ac

4000 Ac

800 Ac

100 Ac100 Ac

50 Ac

National Highway

Coastal Highway 279 km

Double Road

Metal Road

Pilot Shrimp Farm

Proposed Farming Sites

A large number of agriculture communities have also diverted their livelihood towards fisheries after the destruction of Agriculture sector because of the Indus Delta.

Social Status of Fishers Social Status of Fishers Men/Women in PakistanMen/Women in Pakistan

Social Status of Fishers Social Status of Fishers Men/Women in PakistanMen/Women in Pakistan

About 10,000 Women Workers are also associated with the Fisheries Industry and are employed in 30 Registered Processing Plants in Pakistan and more than 50 “Warrahs” ( being run by the contractors)

Working Men/Women in Fishery Working Men/Women in Fishery Industry Of PakistanIndustry Of Pakistan

23 Plants : Fish Harbor,

West Wharf, Karachi.

02 Plants : S.I.T.E. Area Karachi.

02 Plants : Korangi Industrial Area

04 Plants : Gwadar & Pasni.

Working EnvironmentWorking Environment

Health of employees depends upon the environment of working place where they work. If environment of working place is clean and healthy then health of employees will also be good and if the working environment is unhealthy then the health of employees will not be good.

Working EnvironmentWorking Environment

Women Workers peel/clean the ice covered shrimps, fish and crabs with their bare hands. Rubber boots, gloves or any such provisions are unheard of in there Processing Plants or “Warrahs”.

The fear of losing their job makes them hide their cuts and wounds from the employer.

Other Activities of Women Other Activities of Women Workers in Fishery SectorWorkers in Fishery Sector

• Drying of fish• Cleaning of fish• Fish meal plants • Fish meal• Powder solid to

poultry form

• Processing of

crabs• Peeling shrimps• Grading • Sorting• Packing

Health Conditions of Fisher Health Conditions of Fisher Men/WomenMen/Women

Due to un hygienic condition of Warrahs, the Men/women workers may effected by following illness/ diseases:

Malaria Gastrointestinal Tuberculosis Skin Disease (coxcomb) Hepatitis-B Back Ache

Role of Fisher Men/Women in the Role of Fisher Men/Women in the Development of Fisheries of PakistanDevelopment of Fisheries of Pakistan

In the past the women usually

accompanied the men in their family on fishing trips.

The fishermen would usually take the whole family to remote islands, where all of them would help in fishing as well as in cleaning and its drying.


The women would sell the fish in the local and remote markets while the men continued fishing.

In some cases, when the men leave for major fishing voyages that last 10 to 20 days, the fisher women would continue fishing though at a smaller scale in the shallow waters of coast.


However, with the commercialization of fisheries, expansion of fishing business into an industry and the influx of non-indigenous fishermen everywhere-from the deltaic creeks to the deep waters from coast- the women were slowly and gradually pushed out of fishing activities.

With the change in fishing practices, from the family to industrial fishing, role of women in family fishing has come almost to an end in Pakistan.

Women in Net Making ActivityWomen in Net Making Activity

When fisher women more or less retired from active fishing and focused more on the home, they lost a steady income.

The main source of income for fisher women has always been from making cotton –fishing nets, which gave them a stable and regular, if modest, income.

Women Workers in Fish Women Workers in Fish ProcessingProcessing

Women Workers had been and are an integral part of the work force working in the Fishery Industry.

These Women Workers carry out all possible sort of work in their capacity.

Workers in Fish ProcessingWorkers in Fish Processing

With the commercialization and industrialization of Fishery Industry it no longer remains a family-based activity.

The Fisheries became “professionalized” with only men being recognized as Fishers and thereby restricting access of Women’s to the resource.

Workers in Fish ProcessingWorkers in Fish Processing

In areas where export agents took over the catches, Worker lost access to fish for sale and were turned into wage Labourers for sorting out and drying the fish for the exporters.

Low WagesLow Wages The wages of Workers in Fisheries

Industry are the Lowest.

Lowest even what has been allowed in the:

Minimum Wages Ordinance 1961, Payment of Wages Act,1936.

West Pakistan Minimum Wages for unskilled Workers Ordinance 1969.

Low WagesLow Wages One of the examples of poor wages for

Workers is that 12-16 kilograms peeled shrimp a day fetches them mere Rs. 80 – 100.

But despite all these harsh conditions, economic compulsions force them to work to support their families. Their economic condition has deteriorated and poverty has become endemic.

Responsibility of GovernmentResponsibility of Government

Government is responsible for making policies, inter-provincial coordination, planning, research, quality control, training, exploratory fishing, stock assessment, fisheries management, fleet improvement, data collection and export etc.

Responsibility of GovernmentResponsibility of Government

But in the case of Workers in Fisheries Industry of Pakistan, the Government has not persuaded any Policy or Programme to improve the socio-economic condition of Workers of Fisheries Industry.

ConclusionsConclusions

The results of the study concluded that the Fisheries’ industry across the coastal belt of Sindh Province provides many opportunities of employment generation to the poor people of the area, besides that Fisheries’ industry also help the government in order to reduce the poverty level in the coastal areas of Sindh Province and inland fisheries. And also provide the better facilities and working environment in the Fisheries industry.

RecommendationsRecommendations

The only and ever lasting solution to all the problem of Workers is the implementation of friendly policies by our government.

The micro loans, fishing assistance, Training, better fishing facilities and fare prices of fisheries products of Fisher workers.


The only and ever lasting solution to all the problem of Workers is the implementation of Labour Laws.

With concentrated efforts along with the proper incentive to the fisheries industry and fish workers can increase the share of exports.

Conducive working environment & Policies and proper infrastructures.


It should be clearly brought into the notice of all exporters, Warrah Contractor that violation of Labour Law could be fatal to their business.

The hygienic conditions of the Warrahs be improved.

Medical facilities be provided in Warrahs and other Men/women working areas.

Appropriate wages should be ensured & given to the workers who are engaged in private warrahs.

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

income generation - article (2)

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