in your own words describe why its better to describe the movement of electrons as an electron cloud...
TRANSCRIPT
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In your own words describe why its better to describe the movement of electrons as an
electron cloud rather than orbitals.
How do you excite an electron?
![Page 2: In your own words describe why its better to describe the movement of electrons as an electron cloud rather than orbitals. How do you excite an electron?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649c7e5503460f94933975/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Electromagnetic Spectrum
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Background• Neils Bohr
– Danish Physicist– Proposed a “planetary”
model of the atom– Theorized that
travel in orbits around
the nucleus
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Electrons in Orbit?
• Bohr suggested that electrons “jump” between energy levels (orbits)
• When an atom absorbs or gives off energy, the electron jumps to a higher or lower orbit.– It absorbs energy as it moves up to a higher orbit
– It gives off energy as it moves down to a lower orbit• This energy is given off as heat or light• This energy given off travels in the form of waves• Also called an emission of an photon
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+
Emission of photon
Absorption of energy
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E5
E4
E3
E2
E1
+
E – 0.85
E – 01.51
E – 3.40
E – 13.60
E – 0.54
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E5E4
E3
E2
E -0.85E -1.51
E -3.40
E1
E -13.60
+
To calculate the amount of energy between energy levels:
Just subtract the initial energy state from the final.
E5 to E1: _-.54______ - _-13.6___ = 13.06
E3 to E1:_-1.51__- _-13.60___= 12.09
E4 to E2:_-.85_-__-3.40__= 2.55
E5 to E2:_-0.54__-_-3.40__= 2.86
E – 0.54
434mn
410mn
656mn
486mn
_________________________________
400 500 600 700
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E5E4
E3
E1
E -0.85
E -1.51
E -3.40
E -13.60
+
E – 0.54
434mn
410mn
656mn
486mn
_________________________________
400 500 600 700
E2
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum You actually know more about it than you may think!
• The electromagnetic spectrum (EM) is just a name that scientists give all the different types of radiation when they want to talk about them as a group.
• Radiation is energy that travels and spreads out as it goes– visible light that comes from a lamp in your house– radio waves that come from a radio station
• Hotter, more energetic objects and events create higher energy radiation than cool objects.
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• Wavelength is
the distance from crest to
crest of a wave
• The frequency of a wave is the number of waves that pass a given point one second
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Electron Energy
• The longer the
wavelength the
lower frequency
• The shorter the wavelength the higher the frequency
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum• Radio:
– the same kind of energy that radio stations emit into the air
– also emitted by stars and gases in space• Helps astronomers learn what they are made of.
• Microwaves: – They will cook your popcorn in
just a few minutes! – Microwaves in space are used
by astronomers to learn about the structure of nearby galaxies, our own Milky Way!
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• Infrared:
– Our skin emits infrared light
– In space, Infrared light maps the dust between stars
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum
• Visible Light: – This is the only section of the EM that can be
seen by our eyes. – Visible radiation is emitted by everything from
fireflies to light bulbs to stars ... also by fast-moving particles hitting other particles.
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum
• Ultraviolet: – The Sun is a source of ultraviolet
(or UV) radiation– Stars and other "hot" objects in
space emit UV radiation. X-rays:• Your doctor uses them to look at your bones and your dentist to look at your teeth.
• Hot gases in the Universe also emit X-rays .
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Gamma Rays: – Radioactive materials (some natural and
others made by man in things like nuclear power plants) can emit gamma-rays.
– Big particle accelerators that scientists use to help them understand what matter is made of can sometimes generate gamma-rays.