in the name of allah, the compassionate, the merciful
DESCRIPTION
IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE COMPASSIONATE, THE MERCIFUL. Reclamation of Salt Affected Soils by Rizwan Zahoor 2004-ag-1537 B.Sc. (Hons) Agri. Agronomy 7 th. Objectives of Reclamation: To increase crop yield per unit area To increase WUE - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE COMPASSIONATE, THE MERCIFUL](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56813b48550346895da42eca/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE COMPASSIONATE, THE MERCIFUL
![Page 2: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE COMPASSIONATE, THE MERCIFUL](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56813b48550346895da42eca/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Reclamation of Salt Affected Soils
by
Rizwan Zahoor
2004-ag-1537
B.Sc. (Hons) Agri.
Agronomy 7th
![Page 3: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE COMPASSIONATE, THE MERCIFUL](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56813b48550346895da42eca/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Objectives of Reclamation:
1. To increase crop yield per unit area
2. To increase WUE
3. To improve farmers’ living standard
![Page 4: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE COMPASSIONATE, THE MERCIFUL](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56813b48550346895da42eca/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE COMPASSIONATE, THE MERCIFUL](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56813b48550346895da42eca/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE COMPASSIONATE, THE MERCIFUL](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56813b48550346895da42eca/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Methods of Land Reclamation:
1: Physical Methods
– Sub soiling– Deep ploughing– Sanding– Horizon mixing– Profile inversion
![Page 7: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE COMPASSIONATE, THE MERCIFUL](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56813b48550346895da42eca/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE COMPASSIONATE, THE MERCIFUL](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56813b48550346895da42eca/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
2: Biological Methods
Growing of crops on problem soils and/or their
incorporation at the stage of maximum biomass
productivity.
![Page 9: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE COMPASSIONATE, THE MERCIFUL](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56813b48550346895da42eca/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE COMPASSIONATE, THE MERCIFUL](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56813b48550346895da42eca/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
3:Chemical Methods
It includes the application of
– Gypsum
– Sulphur
– Sulphuric acid
– Hydrochloric acid etc
![Page 11: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE COMPASSIONATE, THE MERCIFUL](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56813b48550346895da42eca/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Prerequisites for Land Reclamation:
• Good surface drainage
• Leveled soils
• Availability good quality water
• Chemical amendments
![Page 12: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE COMPASSIONATE, THE MERCIFUL](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56813b48550346895da42eca/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Reclamation of Saline Soils:
Reclamation of saline soil is done by applying excess
water to the soil surface. The removal of salts may be
accomplished either by continuous ponding of water on
soil surface or by intermittent leaching.
![Page 13: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE COMPASSIONATE, THE MERCIFUL](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56813b48550346895da42eca/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Reclamation Requirement:
It is amount of water required for reclamation, usually
depends upon
– Salts concentration
– Soil texture
– Soil structure
– Trenching
![Page 14: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE COMPASSIONATE, THE MERCIFUL](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56813b48550346895da42eca/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE COMPASSIONATE, THE MERCIFUL](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56813b48550346895da42eca/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Reclamation of sodic and saline-sodic soil:
Reclamation of sodic and saline-sodic soil is more difficult,
time consuming and expensive than that of saline soil. It
involves not only leaching a soluble salts but also the
replacement of exchangeable sodium with calcium and the
improvement of physical properties of soil. The two most
difficult aspects of the reclamation process are
• Provision of source for replacement of sodium with calcium
• Water for leaching
![Page 16: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE COMPASSIONATE, THE MERCIFUL](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56813b48550346895da42eca/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE COMPASSIONATE, THE MERCIFUL](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56813b48550346895da42eca/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE COMPASSIONATE, THE MERCIFUL](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56813b48550346895da42eca/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Sources of calcium for replacing exchangeable sodium:
– Irrigation water
– Gypsum and lime present in soil
– Chemical and biological amendments
– High-salt water
![Page 19: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE COMPASSIONATE, THE MERCIFUL](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56813b48550346895da42eca/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE COMPASSIONATE, THE MERCIFUL](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56813b48550346895da42eca/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Replacing exchangeable sodium:
CaCO3 is insoluble in water. However, the presence of lime
is important in sodic and saline-sodic soil, if it is treated with
acids or sulphur, it provides calcium.
when vegetation is established, CO2 released and converts
the CaCO3 into relatively soluble Ca(HCO3)2.
![Page 21: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE COMPASSIONATE, THE MERCIFUL](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56813b48550346895da42eca/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Crop During Reclamation:
Some kind of vegetation should be grown during
reclamation, as they help reclamation and also provide
some income to farmers.
Growth of crop helps reclamation in two ways
• The development of roots improve the permeability and
infiltration capacity of soil.
• CO2 released into the soil by roots increase solubility of
CaCO3.
![Page 22: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE COMPASSIONATE, THE MERCIFUL](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56813b48550346895da42eca/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE COMPASSIONATE, THE MERCIFUL](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56813b48550346895da42eca/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)