Sukriti SinghA0523113081BTBM/13/242

Conservation Conservation is an ethic of resource use, allocation, and

protection. Its primary focus is upon maintaining the health of

the natural world, its fisheries, habitats, and biological diversity.

Secondary focus is on materials conservation and energy conservation, which are seen as important to protect the natural world.

Conservation is not about protecting genes, species or ecosystem, but it is protecting the processes of life i.e. Conservation is based on the mandate to maintain the threats of life as they arrive from past abide in present and depart for future.

BIODIVERSITYBiodiversity refers to the variety and variability among allgroups of living organisms and the ecosystem complexes in which they occur.

In the Convention of Biological diversity (1992) biodiversity hasbeen defined as the variability among living organisms from all sources including inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are a part.

Need for Biodiversity Conservation

The enormous value of biodiversity due to their genetic, commercial, medical, aesthetic importance and ecological importance emphasizes the need to conserve biodiversity.

Gradually we are coming to realize that wildlife is not just “a game to be hunted”, rather it is “a gift of nature” to be nurtured.

What Actions Can be Taken?

Establishing Protected areas, Species protection and recovery measures

Ex situ and insitu conservation of genetic diversity Restoration Increased coordination Capture of benefits by local communities, Public awareness and

education Enhanced capacity for assessing the consequences of ecosystem

change Increased integration of sectoral responses Integration of biodiversity conservation and development Increased accountability of performance in decisions Scientific data need to be made available to all sectors of society

Region Protected % Area Protected Africa 90,899 3.1 Madagascar 740 1.3 Asia 42,525 1.4 Americas 67,506 3.9

What Is In-situ Conservation ?

Conservation of agricultural Biodiversity in agroecosystem

Protecting

endangered

animals in its

natural habitat

SOWING THE SEEDS OF IN-

SITU METHOD

This led to the use of In-situ as the method of conservation of Biodiversity.

1992• United Nation Conference on Environment

and Development ( Rio de Janerio )brought up the Agenda

IUCN• IUCN interprets Biodiversity to encompass all

species of plants, animals, microbes and ecosystem to which they belong

• In-situ should be the primary means

according to IUCN

Finally

• Trends in Population growth & the urge of economic development finally sowed the seeds of In-situ conservations

AdvantagesRequires no Advanced technology• Optimal

sampling strategies and breeding strategies

• Farmers of every region and nation know how to manage and maintain their local strains. They already have the capability, all they require is direction.

Cost Effective• Ensure

that financial commitment.

• Are net producers of food, fibre and draught power. They do not require the importation of expensive materials, skills or equipment.

Scientific Research• Breeds are

properly characterized and evaluated in thier own localities

• Allow for comparative trials, research and crossing experiments.

Easy Adaptation and

Selection

*Allows populations to adapt to changing

environmental conditions

and endemic diseases.

*easy selection

and imrovement

of populations

within sustainable constraints.

• No. of indigenous species and systems to be protected.Coverage

• Natural Selection and community evolution continue and genetic material are produced.Viability

• Country with specific examples of biodiversity stores up future economic benefits, where commercially valuable genetic and biochemical material may be found.

EconomicSustainabil

ity

Risks and Disadvantages

• Resulting from Random Events in the survival and reproduction

Demographic Uncertainty

• Random, unpredictable changes in weather, food supply, competition.

• Floods, Fires, Droughts.

Environmental Uncertainty and Natural

Catastrophes

• Random Changes in Genetic Make-up, due to genetic drift or inbreeding.

• Alter survival and reproductive probabilities.

Genetic Uncertainty

• Difficult to control invasion of alien species.

• Environment may need restoringAlien

Species

• Since in few conservation methods human interference is permitted to a certain level, thus illegal activities or exploitation is difficult to control.

Exploitation

Protected Areas As in World

#1. Protected Areas

Governments set aside land to protect species

Provincial and National Parks Allow animals to live in relatively

undisturbed environments 2,44,540 square kilometers of Canada

is national park land

National Parks

A national park is a reserve of natural, semi-natural, or developed land that a sovereign state declares or owns.

IUCN and its World Commission on Protected Areas, has defined "National Park" as its Category II type of protected areas.

United States established the first such one, Yellowstone National Park, in 1872.

The largest national park in the world meeting the IUCN definition is the Northeast Greenland National Park, which was established in 1974. National parks are almost always open to visitors. Provide outdoor recreation and camping opportunities as well as classes designed to educate the public on the importance of conservation and the natural wonders of the land in which the national park is located. Activities such as grazing, forestry or cultivation are NOT ALLOWED.

Canadian

National Parks Maps

List of National Parks in Western Canada

Banff Jasper Waterton Lakes Elk Island Wood Buffalo Glacier Gulf Islands Kootenay Mount Revel stoke Yoho

Gwaii Haanas Pacific Rim Riding Mountain Wapusk Grasslands Prince Albert Ivvavik Kluane Vuntut Nahanni

Few National Parks around The world

Yellow Stone National Park, United States

Position of Yellowstone National Park, lies on the Pacific Ring of Fire Belt Region.

Banff National Park in Alberta, Canada

Jaldapara, National Park, West Bengal

Yosemite Valley, Yosemite National Park, in California.

Wildlife Sancturies A wildlife refuge, also called a wildlife sanctuary, is a naturally

occurring sanctuary, such as an island, that provides protection for species from hunting, predation or competition.

It is a protected area, a geographic territory within which wildlife is protected. 

Wildlife refuges are generally officially designated territories. It is created by government legislation, publicly or privately owned.

Chernobyl nuclear accident site has accidentally become a wildlife refuge. It preserves the animals that are endangered or about to be extinct.

Establishing

Wildlife Corridors

Corridors are important to share genetic information between populations

All levels of government must work together to make these work

Bioreserves

Area containing a wildlife preserve bordered by a buffer zone in which more frequent use is permitted to the public, established as a way of integrating habitat conservation with the interests of the local community.

Protection is granted not only to the flora and fauna of the protected region, but also to the human communities who inhabit these regions, and their ways of life.

Areas of Bioreserves Core Area: Area containing endangered or Red

listed species, here no human activity is permitted, only scientific research to conserve them takes place here.

Buffer Area: generally a zonal area that lies between two or more other areas, limited Human intervention is permitted in this area in form of recreation, Tourism, Education and Training, Scientific Research continues.

Transitional Area: This is the area where humans live and access the area to maximum, here wildlife do not enter while recreation, education, training and tourism continues, little of scientific research occurs.

18 Biosphere Reserves of India

Protect larger areas of natural habitat (than

a National Park or Animal Sanctuary)

Often include one or more National Parks and/or

preserves, along buffer zones

Nine of the Eighteen biosphere reserves are a part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves, based on the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme list.

Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve TamilNadu, Kerala, Karnataka2000

Gulf of Mannar Biosphere ReserveTamil Nadu2001

Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve[[West Bengal]]2001

Nanda Devi Biosphere ReserveUttarakhand2004

Nokrek Biosphere Reserve Meghalaya2009

Pachmarhi Biosphere ReserveMadhya Pradesh2009

Simlipal Biosphere ReserveOdisha2008

Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere ReserveChhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh2012

Nicobar IslandsAndaman and Nicobar Islands2013

In 2009, India designated Cold Desert of Himachal Pradesh as a biosphere reserve.

On September 20, 2010, the Ministry of Environment and Forests designated Seshachalam Hills as the 17th biosphere reserve.

Panna (Madhya Pradesh) was scheduled to become the 18th on August 25, 2011.

Potential sites for Biosphere ReservesFollowing is the list of potential sites for Biosphere Reserves as selected by Ministry of Forests and Environment:

Namdapha, Arunachal Pradesh

Thar Desert, Rajasthan

Little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat

Kavalam, Assam

Kanha, Madhya Pradesh

North Islands of Andaman and Nicobar

Tawang and West Kamang

Abujmarh, Chhattisgarh

Chintapalli, Andhra Pradesh

Lakshadweep Islands, Lakshadweep

Singhbhum

Seshachallam

Blue Mountain

Function Of Bioreserves

Fulfil 3 basic functions, which are complementary and mutually reinforcing:

-A conservation function - to contribute to the conservation of landscapes, ecosystems, species and genetic variation;

- A development function - to foster economic and human development which is socio-culturally and ecologically sustainable;

-A logistic function - to provide support for research, monitoring, education and information exchange related to local, national and global issues of conservation and development.

Its not The End !! Its just the start of a new Beginning !!

Thank You