16

THE NEW TERRITORIAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGY (2003~2007) IN PROGRESS

June 2003, Vol.19

The Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements is anon-profit research institution established in 1978.It specializes in the fields of national planning, housingand land policies, transportation, regional development, urbandesign, environment, and construction economy.KRIHS seeks to improve knowledge and understanding of theconditions and problems of the nation’s resources andtheir interaction with people, to assist the government informulating long-range development plans and makepolicy recommendations on related matters, to collaboratewith the international research community in solvingtheoretical and practical problems concerning humansettlement issues and planning, and to provide researchexpertise and consulting services as well as trainingprograms for foreign governments and institutions.

Copyright c JUNE 2003The Korea Research Institute for Human SettlementsSPACE and ENVIRONMENT is published twice a year by theKorea Research Institute for Human Settlements,1591-6, Gwanyang-dong, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do431-712, Korea.TEL : 82-31-380-0429E-Mail : smpark@krihs.re.kr•http : //www.krihs.re.krPublisher : Kyu-Bang LeeEditor : Dong-Ju KimEditorial Committee : Mie-Oak Chae, Jung-Hoon Kim,

Myeong-Soo Kim, Ki-Seok Kye, Won-Sup Lee, Soon-Up Park, Su-Min Park

KRIHS GAZETTE JUNE 2003 Vol.19

The Comprehensive National Territorial Plan(CNTP) is Korea’s foremost comprehensive plan,

whereby far-reaching, long-term policies are to beestablished concerning land use, development, andpreservation. It is specified under the Constitution andthe Basic Act on National Territory.

The CNTP sets the policy goals and strategies forachieving desirable national and regional development,and provides direction for planning and policy imple-mentation for various sectors, including industry, trans-portation, and housing. It also presents land manage-ment principles to guide local governments, companiesand other institutions as they plan and manage develop-ment.

The New Territorial Management Strategy(2003~2007) is the 5-year action plan of the FourthCNTP (2000~2020) for implementing the contents ofthe Fourth CNTP and adjusting for changes in circum-stances arising after the establishment of the CNTP. Itsgoal is to prepare related work by relevant institutions.For this purpose, the heads of central administrativeauthorities, mayors, and governors should establishaction plans within their respective jurisdictions for sub-mission to the Ministry of Construction and Transporta-tion (MOCT).

After establishment of the action plan, the relevantauthority should also submit the outcome of the planwithin its jurisdiction. The MOCT will gather all theseresults in order to evaluate the performance of theCNTP and report the integrated outcome to the Nation-al Territorial Policy Committee. The MOCT will reviewthe CNTP every 5 years, taking into consideration theevaluated results of the action plan in each jurisdiction,and changes in circumstances up to that point.

CONTENTS OF THE NEW TERRITORIALMANAGEMENT STRATEGY

The New Territorial Management Strategy(NTMS) will present the basic direction of nationalterritorial management for 5 years (2003~2007), thesame term as the “ Participatory Government”launched in 2003. It will suggest specific measuresfor attaining the major policy goals of the “Partici-patory Government,”such as construction of a newadministrative capital, balanced national develop-ment, and establishment of Korea as the economichub of Northeast Asia.

Regarding the basic strategies presented by theFourth CNTP and the direction of development pro-moted by individual cities and provinces, the NTMSidentifies 10 subject fields: regional development,transportation and information & telecommunication,land use and management, urban development andmanagement, housing, environmental preservationand management, water resources, South and NorthKorea and Northeast Asia, finance and implementa-tion, and urban and provincial development direc-tion.

ESTABLISHMENT PROCESS

The central authorities will establish the actionplan in 9 subject fields for the ComprehensiveNational Territorial Plan, excluding provincial devel-opment. Local governments are to set the develop-ment plan for specialization in each region on thebasis of the provincial development direction of the

The Korean government began the establishmentof the regional development plan of the Seohaean(western coast or Yellow Sea coast) Expressway inMay, 2002. The plan was formulated by KRIHS incollaboration with the Institute of Geographic Sci-ence & Natural Resources Research of China and theNomura Research Institute of Japan. With the valu-able opinions presented during the seminar, KRIHSplans to report the research results at the end of July,2003.

KRIHS organized a lecture on Foreign Countries’Capital Relocation Case Studies. The lecture washeld under the joint auspices of KRIHS and theKorea National Housing Corporation (KNHC) onMay 28 at the Conference Hall in KNHC, Sungnam,Korea. Dr. Charles Steger, the president of VirginiaTech. of the USA was invited as a lecturer. Casesfrom Washington D.C., Brasilia, Canberra, Islam-abad and several other foreign capitals were present-ed and discussed, and suggestions were made con-cerning the complex issues surrounding relocation ofthe Korean capital.

The Private Infrastructure Investment Center ofKorea (PICKO) hosted its second domestic consul-tative meeting targeted toward foreign investors onJune 26. Its goal was to promote more foreign invest-ment in Korean infrastructure through workingtogether to identify difficulties and create solutions,gathering feedback on the investment process, and

promoting mutual understanding and improved com-munication between investors, government officials,and construction companies.

The chair of the meeting was PICKO managingdirector Heung Soo Kim, Ph.D., and the keynotespeech was given by Mr. James P. Rooney, presidentand CEO of Market Force Company, a worldwideconsulting company. Four presentations were made byconcessionaires of domestic infrastructure projects,including Veolia Water, Hyundai E&C, Bouygues, andShinhan Macquaire Financial Advisory.

The meeting concluded with an open floor discus-sion on ways to improve the PPI project implemen-tation process in Korea with a panel of distinguishedinfrastructure experts from national governmentagencies and domestic and foreign firms.

It is hoped that the results of this meeting will pavethe way for the cultivation of a deeper and strongerinvestor base for Korean infrastructure projects, aswell as improvement of the entire domestic infras-tructure implementation system.

KRIHS held a joint workshop on urban and regionalplanning on June 30 in collaboration with TsukubaUniversity in Japan. The workshop was composed of6 main speakers and was proceeded in 5 sessionsincluding opening ceremony, land use management,housing land development, metropolitan policy, anddiscussion. It was the second workshop after estab-lishing a sisterhood relationship in research betweentwo organizations.

3 June 20032

For the past four decades, the concentration ofpopulation and industry in the Capital Region

has continuously increased as the result of economicgrowth in Korea. The government has implementeda variety of policies to regulate the Capital Region aswell as promote development of other regions, butwith few results.

Korea’s rate of population concentration in its Cap-ital Region is 47%. When compared to Japan with32%, Great Britain with 12%, and France with 19%,this indicates that the issue of population concentra-tion in the Capital Region in Korea is serious. Thisconcentration has been a great barrier to balancedregional development and national reconciliation byexpanding the gaps between the Capital Region andother regions. In addition, the Capital Region itself isfaced with many social issues including higher hous-ing and land prices, traffic congestion, and environ-

mental pollution. In the 1970s, the government enacted the Special

Law for Growth Management of the Capital Region,and implemented various policies to promote provin-cial development, but was unable to divert develop-ment to other regions.

In the latter part of the 1970s, President ParkChung-hee proceeded to build a temporary adminis-trative capital in the Chungcheong area, which refersto Chungbuk, Chungnam and Daejeon, to resolve thecapital concentration problem and enhance nationaldefense, but the plan was halted with President Park'sdeath. In the mid 1990s, as a part of the dispersionpolicy of the central administrative institutions, theThird Administrative Complex was built in Dunsanin the City of Daejeon, and 10 agency units of cen-tral government organizations were relocated.

Despite these efforts by the government, the con-centration in the Capital Region has not shown signsof relief, and the construction of a new administra-tive capital in the Chungcheong area emerged as oneof the important issues in the presidential election of2002. President Roh Moo-hyun announced his visionof building a new administrative capital with 500,000persons, with the groundbreaking ceremony sched-uled to take place in 2007.

NEW ADMINISTRATIVE CAPITAL PLAN OF THE PARTICIPATORY GOVERNMENT

The Participatory Government of the Roh Moo-hyun administration, launched in February of 2003,first established an exclusive organization for pro-moting the new administrative capital. Planning andsupport teams for the new administrative capital wereestablished in Chong Wa Dae (the office of the Presi-dent) with approximately 30 specialists from theMinistry of Construction and Transportation andother related ministries, as well as the Korea LandCorporation and the Korea Research Institute forHuman Settlements (KRIHS). As well, in order tofacilitate concrete research on preliminary plans, cri-teria for location selection, and other issues of thenew administrative capital, a research team was

KOREA PLANS A NEW ADMINISTRATIVE CAPITAL

CNTP. The central authorities will review the majortasks for each field included in the guideline, andestablish the action plan. Local governments will pre-sent region-specific development directions in con-sideration of the 10 area-wide development plans tobe revised by the MOCT, as well as the relocationplans of national organizations.

For the establishment of the NTMS, the centralauthorities will organize a joint working group foreach field with the Planning Research Group (PRG),in which the Korea Research Institute for Human Set-tlements plays a central role. The joint workinggroups are to continuously discuss the detailed tasksand strategies. Local governments should organizespecific committees with regional research institutesin order to provide for region-specific developmentdirection. The committee is to continuously discussdetailed matters with the working group in charge ofprovincial development of the PRG. At the sametime, the MOCT, the competent ministry for theNTMS, is to closely work with the PRG to preservethe consistency and coherency of the Strategy. TheNTMS is scheduled for confirmation and announce-ment at the end of December, 2003.

MAIN DIRECTIONS

The New Territorial Management Strategy hasestablished 7 main directions: First, to establish thefoundation for open and integrated axes of nationalterritory. For making continental and oceanic path-

ways to nations andeconomic marketsaround the globe, it iscritical to establish theEastern Coastal Axis,the Southern CoastalAxis, and the WesternCoastal Axis. For bal-anced inland develop-ment, the SouthernInland and CentralInland Axes must beestablished. Further-more, the industrialstructure of the Seoul-Busan axis should berearranged, and popu-lation and industry

moved away from crowded areas. Second, balancednational development in a new era of localization is tobe promoted through construction of a new adminis-trative capital, regional dispersion of national organi-zations, and establishment of a management frame-work for the Capital Region. Third, in order to devel-op Korea into the economic hub of Northeast Asia,the Incheon area is to be promoted for realization asan economic hub, and the Busan and Gwangyang areaas a logistics hub.

Fourth, for sustainable conservation and manage-ment of the environment, a national environmentmanagement system is to be established, along witha plan for sustainable water resource management.Fifth, in order to improve the quality of life, it is nec-essary to promote an urban environment that harmo-nizes people and nature, maintain housing market sta-bility, increase the residential welfare of the low-income class, as well as build an efficient and human-oriented urban transportation system.

Sixth, it is critical to establish a nationwide systemfor disaster prevention. Disaster prevention systemsmust be reinforced, and relevant institutional systemsand policies must be improved. Lastly, in order topromote exchange and cooperation between Southand North Korea, restoration and expansion of thetransportation network between the two Koreas isplanned, as well as the development and promotionof diverse projects for South-North Korean exchangeand cooperation.

Won-Sup Lee (wslee@krihs.re.kr)

Goals and StrGoals and Straatetegies gies

of the Fof the Fourourth Comprth Comprehensiehensivve Nae National Ttional Tererritorial Planritorial Plan

CandidaCandidate Site te Site

ffor the Futuror the Future Administre Administraatitivve Cae Capitalpital

Gyeonggi

Gyeongbuk

Gangwon

Chungbuk

Jeonbuk

Jeonnam

Chungnam

Seoul

Gyeongnam

Daejeon

Daaeegguu

Gwangju Busan

Ulsan

JejuCurrent capital

Incheon

3 June 20032

For the past four decades, the concentration ofpopulation and industry in the Capital Region

has continuously increased as the result of economicgrowth in Korea. The government has implementeda variety of policies to regulate the Capital Region aswell as promote development of other regions, butwith few results.

Korea’s rate of population concentration in its Cap-ital Region is 47%. When compared to Japan with32%, Great Britain with 12%, and France with 19%,this indicates that the issue of population concentra-tion in the Capital Region in Korea is serious. Thisconcentration has been a great barrier to balancedregional development and national reconciliation byexpanding the gaps between the Capital Region andother regions. In addition, the Capital Region itself isfaced with many social issues including higher hous-ing and land prices, traffic congestion, and environ-

mental pollution. In the 1970s, the government enacted the Special

Law for Growth Management of the Capital Region,and implemented various policies to promote provin-cial development, but was unable to divert develop-ment to other regions.

In the latter part of the 1970s, President ParkChung-hee proceeded to build a temporary adminis-trative capital in the Chungcheong area, which refersto Chungbuk, Chungnam and Daejeon, to resolve thecapital concentration problem and enhance nationaldefense, but the plan was halted with President Park'sdeath. In the mid 1990s, as a part of the dispersionpolicy of the central administrative institutions, theThird Administrative Complex was built in Dunsanin the City of Daejeon, and 10 agency units of cen-tral government organizations were relocated.

Despite these efforts by the government, the con-centration in the Capital Region has not shown signsof relief, and the construction of a new administra-tive capital in the Chungcheong area emerged as oneof the important issues in the presidential election of2002. President Roh Moo-hyun announced his visionof building a new administrative capital with 500,000persons, with the groundbreaking ceremony sched-uled to take place in 2007.

NEW ADMINISTRATIVE CAPITAL PLAN OF THE PARTICIPATORY GOVERNMENT

The Participatory Government of the Roh Moo-hyun administration, launched in February of 2003,first established an exclusive organization for pro-moting the new administrative capital. Planning andsupport teams for the new administrative capital wereestablished in Chong Wa Dae (the office of the Presi-dent) with approximately 30 specialists from theMinistry of Construction and Transportation andother related ministries, as well as the Korea LandCorporation and the Korea Research Institute forHuman Settlements (KRIHS). As well, in order tofacilitate concrete research on preliminary plans, cri-teria for location selection, and other issues of thenew administrative capital, a research team was

KOREA PLANS A NEW ADMINISTRATIVE CAPITAL

CNTP. The central authorities will review the majortasks for each field included in the guideline, andestablish the action plan. Local governments will pre-sent region-specific development directions in con-sideration of the 10 area-wide development plans tobe revised by the MOCT, as well as the relocationplans of national organizations.

For the establishment of the NTMS, the centralauthorities will organize a joint working group foreach field with the Planning Research Group (PRG),in which the Korea Research Institute for Human Set-tlements plays a central role. The joint workinggroups are to continuously discuss the detailed tasksand strategies. Local governments should organizespecific committees with regional research institutesin order to provide for region-specific developmentdirection. The committee is to continuously discussdetailed matters with the working group in charge ofprovincial development of the PRG. At the sametime, the MOCT, the competent ministry for theNTMS, is to closely work with the PRG to preservethe consistency and coherency of the Strategy. TheNTMS is scheduled for confirmation and announce-ment at the end of December, 2003.

MAIN DIRECTIONS

The New Territorial Management Strategy hasestablished 7 main directions: First, to establish thefoundation for open and integrated axes of nationalterritory. For making continental and oceanic path-

ways to nations andeconomic marketsaround the globe, it iscritical to establish theEastern Coastal Axis,the Southern CoastalAxis, and the WesternCoastal Axis. For bal-anced inland develop-ment, the SouthernInland and CentralInland Axes must beestablished. Further-more, the industrialstructure of the Seoul-Busan axis should berearranged, and popu-lation and industry

moved away from crowded areas. Second, balancednational development in a new era of localization is tobe promoted through construction of a new adminis-trative capital, regional dispersion of national organi-zations, and establishment of a management frame-work for the Capital Region. Third, in order to devel-op Korea into the economic hub of Northeast Asia,the Incheon area is to be promoted for realization asan economic hub, and the Busan and Gwangyang areaas a logistics hub.

Fourth, for sustainable conservation and manage-ment of the environment, a national environmentmanagement system is to be established, along witha plan for sustainable water resource management.Fifth, in order to improve the quality of life, it is nec-essary to promote an urban environment that harmo-nizes people and nature, maintain housing market sta-bility, increase the residential welfare of the low-income class, as well as build an efficient and human-oriented urban transportation system.

Sixth, it is critical to establish a nationwide systemfor disaster prevention. Disaster prevention systemsmust be reinforced, and relevant institutional systemsand policies must be improved. Lastly, in order topromote exchange and cooperation between Southand North Korea, restoration and expansion of thetransportation network between the two Koreas isplanned, as well as the development and promotionof diverse projects for South-North Korean exchangeand cooperation.

Won-Sup Lee (wslee@krihs.re.kr)

Goals and StrGoals and Straatetegies gies

of the Fof the Fourourth Comprth Comprehensiehensivve Nae National Ttional Tererritorial Planritorial Plan

CandidaCandidate Site te Site

ffor the Futuror the Future Administre Administraatitivve Cae Capitalpital

Gyeonggi

Gyeongbuk

Gangwon

Chungbuk

Jeonbuk

Jeonnam

Chungnam

Seoul

Gyeongnam

Daejeon

Daaeegguu

Gwangju Busan

Ulsan

JejuCurrent capital

Incheon

5 June 2003

formed consisting of specialized research institutessuch as KRIHS, college professors, and specialists.Pursuant to the relocation schedule announced by theplanning team of the new administrative capital, itwill progress through preparation, planning, con-struction and relocation stages, and is planned to taketenancy of residents and administrative institutionsby 2012.

First, the preparatory stage will be completed bythe end of this year, and preliminary plans and loca-tion criteria are in preparation. Furthermore, the teamplans to draft the “Special Act on the Construction ofthe New Administrative Capital,”containing strate-gies for organization promotion, fund procurement,and real estate speculation prevention.

In the planning stage (2004~2007), the develop-ment site for the new administrative capital will bedesignated, and the institutions subject to relocationwill be selected. As well, the parts of the develop-ment plan related to environment, transportation andother areas, will have been established, and the pur-chase of the site completed.

In the construction stage (2007~2011), infrastruc-ture construction projects will be executed, includingsite build up, public building and road construction.In addition, legislative procedures concerning thelegal status of the new administrative capital are

scheduled for this stage. From 2012 onward, the cen-tral administrative institutions and residents will relo-cate step-by-step.

MAJOR ISSUES FOR THE NEW CAPITAL

When the ‘Special Act on Construction of the NewAdministrative Capital’is presented to the NationalAssembly in September of this year, the issues onconstruction of the new administrative capital areexpected to be fully discussed. First, a variety ofopinions will be presented on whether the construc-tion of the new administrative capital would serve asthe most effective policy means to lower populationdensity in the Capital Region and promote balancednational development.

In addition, a discussion on whether it is reasonableto restrict candidate sites to the Chungcheong areawould also be conducted. Along with this, whetherthe new administrative capital is to continue its roleas the capital of a unified Korea in the future must beconsidered.

In more detail, the decision must be made whetherthe executive, legislative and judicial authoritiesshould all be wholly relocated, or only partially, andif the relocation is to be done in stages. Further

review should also be conduct-ed to decide if these institutionsshould be assigned to one corearea, or divided into several dif-ferent areas. In terms of urbandevelopment, deep considera-tion should be made to the deci-sion whether to develop thenew capital as a new, indepen-dent city, or in the form of anew downtown core in a suburbof the existing city, the form ofa “new town in town.”Lastly,there is also a need to reviewplans to construct a new, self-sufficient city with 500,000 res-idents or more, or instead tobuild up a special administra-tive city with 100,000 to200,000 residents.

For the past four decades,“Seoul-centered value” wasformed in the rapid growth pro-

cess, and people in other regions have voiced consid-erable criticism, calling it the “Capital Republic.”Given this situation, relocation of the administrativecapital is expected to create great opportunities for anew beginning in turning away from the one-waysocial and spatial systems centered on Seoul toward

diversified systems for balanced national develop-ment. In the near future after completion of thenational discussion process, the concrete appearanceof the new administrative capital will be revealed.

Young-Hwan Jin (yhjin@krihs.re.kr)

4

THE COMPREHENSIVE HOUSING POLICY PLAN (2003~2012)

CURRENT HOUSING MARKET SITUATIONAND HOUSEHOLD LIVING CONDITIONS

In the last decade, housing stock in Korea has greatlyincreased due to the policy for mass housing construc-tion supply. The housing supply rate, defined as thepercentage of the number of housing units to that ofhouseholds, was 85% for the country as a whole in themid 1980s. As of 2000, the supply rate had increasedto 96.2%, and the modified rate of housing supply,defined as the percentage of the number of housingunits including multi-family housing type to that ofhouseholds, reached to 97.7%. Multi-family housingunits are increasing in the Capital Region, which con-tinues to suffer from a housing shortage, and thus hassomewhat eased its housing problem.

Notwithstanding the housing stock increase, housingrelated problems still remain to be dealt with such asskyrocketing housing prices, the poor living environ-ment of low-income families, so as to enhance hous-ing welfare for the people.

The increase in housing prices is attributable to theimbalance of housing demand and supply in someregions such as the Gangnam area in Seoul, as well asfactors of unrest in the financial market such as lowinterest rates and excess liquidity. Apartment prices inSeoul have increased over 60% since 2001. Accord-ing to a survey in 2000, 3.34 million households, thatis, 23.4% of the total, are still living in substandardhousing units and suffering from poor living condi-tions and excessive housing prices. Steep rises inhousing prices negatively affect equality of householdincomes, and the Gini coefficient that represents thedegree of skewness of housing asset distribution is0.51, much higher than the Gini coefficient represent-ing income distribution.

PURPOSE AND DIRECTION OF COMPRE-HENSIVE HOUSING POLICY PLAN

Based on the background mentioned above, theKorean government has established a comprehensivehousing policy plan, which will guide housing policyfor Korea for the next 10 years. This plan aims toimprove housing welfare and to curb social andregional inequality in terms of housing allocation and

Stage Period Tasks

Preparation 2003

·Preparation of basic plans and location cri-teria

·Enactment of the Special Act on Constructionof the New Administrative Capital

Planning 2004~2007

·Designation of the new administrative capi-tal site

·Selection of administrative institutions sub-ject to transfer

Construction 2007~2011

·Capital site formation·Construction of basic facilities such as pub-

lic institutions, roads, etc.·Enactment of the Act on the Legal Status of

the New Administrative Capital

Relocation After 2012·Step-by-step relocation of central adminis-

trative institutions·Relocation of residents

RR elocaelocation Sction Schedule of the Nehedule of the New Administrw Administraatitivve Cae Capital pital

Housing SupplHousing Supply Ry Raate in Kte in Kororeaea

5 June 2003

formed consisting of specialized research institutessuch as KRIHS, college professors, and specialists.Pursuant to the relocation schedule announced by theplanning team of the new administrative capital, itwill progress through preparation, planning, con-struction and relocation stages, and is planned to taketenancy of residents and administrative institutionsby 2012.

First, the preparatory stage will be completed bythe end of this year, and preliminary plans and loca-tion criteria are in preparation. Furthermore, the teamplans to draft the “Special Act on the Construction ofthe New Administrative Capital,”containing strate-gies for organization promotion, fund procurement,and real estate speculation prevention.

In the planning stage (2004~2007), the develop-ment site for the new administrative capital will bedesignated, and the institutions subject to relocationwill be selected. As well, the parts of the develop-ment plan related to environment, transportation andother areas, will have been established, and the pur-chase of the site completed.

In the construction stage (2007~2011), infrastruc-ture construction projects will be executed, includingsite build up, public building and road construction.In addition, legislative procedures concerning thelegal status of the new administrative capital are

scheduled for this stage. From 2012 onward, the cen-tral administrative institutions and residents will relo-cate step-by-step.

MAJOR ISSUES FOR THE NEW CAPITAL

When the ‘Special Act on Construction of the NewAdministrative Capital’is presented to the NationalAssembly in September of this year, the issues onconstruction of the new administrative capital areexpected to be fully discussed. First, a variety ofopinions will be presented on whether the construc-tion of the new administrative capital would serve asthe most effective policy means to lower populationdensity in the Capital Region and promote balancednational development.

In addition, a discussion on whether it is reasonableto restrict candidate sites to the Chungcheong areawould also be conducted. Along with this, whetherthe new administrative capital is to continue its roleas the capital of a unified Korea in the future must beconsidered.

In more detail, the decision must be made whetherthe executive, legislative and judicial authoritiesshould all be wholly relocated, or only partially, andif the relocation is to be done in stages. Further

review should also be conduct-ed to decide if these institutionsshould be assigned to one corearea, or divided into several dif-ferent areas. In terms of urbandevelopment, deep considera-tion should be made to the deci-sion whether to develop thenew capital as a new, indepen-dent city, or in the form of anew downtown core in a suburbof the existing city, the form ofa “new town in town.”Lastly,there is also a need to reviewplans to construct a new, self-sufficient city with 500,000 res-idents or more, or instead tobuild up a special administra-tive city with 100,000 to200,000 residents.

For the past four decades,“Seoul-centered value” wasformed in the rapid growth pro-

cess, and people in other regions have voiced consid-erable criticism, calling it the “Capital Republic.”Given this situation, relocation of the administrativecapital is expected to create great opportunities for anew beginning in turning away from the one-waysocial and spatial systems centered on Seoul toward

diversified systems for balanced national develop-ment. In the near future after completion of thenational discussion process, the concrete appearanceof the new administrative capital will be revealed.

Young-Hwan Jin (yhjin@krihs.re.kr)

4

THE COMPREHENSIVE HOUSING POLICY PLAN (2003~2012)

CURRENT HOUSING MARKET SITUATIONAND HOUSEHOLD LIVING CONDITIONS

In the last decade, housing stock in Korea has greatlyincreased due to the policy for mass housing construc-tion supply. The housing supply rate, defined as thepercentage of the number of housing units to that ofhouseholds, was 85% for the country as a whole in themid 1980s. As of 2000, the supply rate had increasedto 96.2%, and the modified rate of housing supply,defined as the percentage of the number of housingunits including multi-family housing type to that ofhouseholds, reached to 97.7%. Multi-family housingunits are increasing in the Capital Region, which con-tinues to suffer from a housing shortage, and thus hassomewhat eased its housing problem.

Notwithstanding the housing stock increase, housingrelated problems still remain to be dealt with such asskyrocketing housing prices, the poor living environ-ment of low-income families, so as to enhance hous-ing welfare for the people.

The increase in housing prices is attributable to theimbalance of housing demand and supply in someregions such as the Gangnam area in Seoul, as well asfactors of unrest in the financial market such as lowinterest rates and excess liquidity. Apartment prices inSeoul have increased over 60% since 2001. Accord-ing to a survey in 2000, 3.34 million households, thatis, 23.4% of the total, are still living in substandardhousing units and suffering from poor living condi-tions and excessive housing prices. Steep rises inhousing prices negatively affect equality of householdincomes, and the Gini coefficient that represents thedegree of skewness of housing asset distribution is0.51, much higher than the Gini coefficient represent-ing income distribution.

PURPOSE AND DIRECTION OF COMPRE-HENSIVE HOUSING POLICY PLAN

Based on the background mentioned above, theKorean government has established a comprehensivehousing policy plan, which will guide housing policyfor Korea for the next 10 years. This plan aims toimprove housing welfare and to curb social andregional inequality in terms of housing allocation and

Stage Period Tasks

Preparation 2003

·Preparation of basic plans and location cri-teria

·Enactment of the Special Act on Constructionof the New Administrative Capital

Planning 2004~2007

·Designation of the new administrative capi-tal site

·Selection of administrative institutions sub-ject to transfer

Construction 2007~2011

·Capital site formation·Construction of basic facilities such as pub-

lic institutions, roads, etc.·Enactment of the Act on the Legal Status of

the New Administrative Capital

Relocation After 2012·Step-by-step relocation of central adminis-

trative institutions·Relocation of residents

RR elocaelocation Sction Schedule of the Nehedule of the New Administrw Administraatitivve Cae Capital pital

Housing SupplHousing Supply Ry Raate in Kte in Kororeaea

7 June 20036

OPENING OF THE SEOHAEAN EXPRESSWAY MAKES A BIG IMPACT

STABILIZING THE HOUSING MARKET

It is critical for national housing welfare to main-tain housing market stability. The government plansto continue housing construction, so as to ease theimbalance of housing demand and supply in the Cap-ital Region, and to establish stable housing marketsettlements by securing public rental housing stock.By doing so, we can achieve stable housing pricesthrough stabilization of the level of jeonse (a tenuresystem in Korea, whereby the tenant makes a lumpsum deposit with the landlord to rent housing and thedeposit is refunded when contract expires. The tenantdoes not pay a monthly rental fee and instead givesup the interest on the deposit.). In addition to strate-gies to deal with housing supply, it is also necessaryto establish a plan to control housing demand. Thegovernment plans to promote the development ofhousing sites with self-sufficiency, and improvementof the traffic network and living conditions in exist-ing districts, as well as establish a living environmentsystem in each neighborhood unit so as to distribute

excessive housing demand in Gangnam and otherdistricts in Seoul.

Aside from the strategies mentioned above, it isnecessary to restrict speculative and excessive com-petition for housing purchases and tighten manage-ment and control of the housing market. The plannedintroduction of a housing warranty system, housingperformance indicators, and other measures shouldlead to stronger consumer protection.

In order to minimize housing market instabilitycaused by external factors such as the financial mar-ket, the government plans to stimulate indirect invest-ment and promote funding of housing constructionby absorbing market liquidity. Along with this, thegovernment plans to support the secondary mortgagemarket and convert housing fund loans with short-term floating rates into long-term loans, therebyreducing the impact of an unstable housing market onthe general economy.

Kyung-Hwan Sohn (khson929@yahoo.co.kr)

The Seohaean (western coast or Yellow Sea coast)Expressway, with a total length of 353km and

running south to north along the western coast ofKorea, was completed at the end of 2001. Thisexpressway, starting from Incheon, passes throughDangjin, Seocheon, Gunsan, and Muan, and ends inMokpo. The opening of the Seohaean Expresswayhas reduced the travel time between Incheon toMokpo to four hours from the previous seven hours.

The Seohaean Expressway, as one of main axes inthe national traffic network, accommodates theincreasing demand for transportation in the CapitalRegion, and promotes development of major regionsalong such as the Seohaean industrial cluster. In addi-tion, it plays a role in improving the national logis-tics system as well as promoting balanced nationaldevelopment.

In particular, the western coastal region, throughwhich the Seohaean Expressway passes, faces Chinaacross Yellow Sea. It is expected that harbors, indus-

trial clusters and cities such as Dangjin, Gunsan,Janghang and Mokpo located along the Expresswaywill play a central role in trade between Korea andChina.

IMPACT ON PRODUCTION, INCOME ANDLOGISTICS COSTS

According to a recent survey, the opening of theSeohaean Expressway has stimulated a record 9.322trillion won in additional production, and will poten-tially have huge impact on domestic economicgrowth.

It is expected that the resulting reduced transporttimes could lower total logistics costs by as much as10,140 billion won by 2020. Transport time hasdecreased especially in the transportation of freightand agricultural, livestock and marine products. Thedecrease in logistics costs is estimated to be less than

access. The policy direction to promote these goalsis formulated as follows: ·Sustainable housing supply to cope with housing

demand·Housing policy focused on supporting low-income

households with the expansion of public housingsupply

·Maintenance of a stable housing market and fairmarket values

·Efficient utilization of housing resources withcoordination of housing construction supply andhousing renovation

HOUSING CONSTRUCTION SUPPLY

The comprehensive housing policy plan (2003 ~2012) to ease housing shortage aims to raise thehousing supply rate to 116.7% by the year 2012,which would place Korea at the same level as that ofdeveloped countries. It also plans to increase thenumber of housing units per 1,000 persons to 320.The housing rate in the Capital Region is expected toincrease to 112.4%, thereby reducing the imparity ofhousing demand and supply.

For housing construction, 23.3 square km of hous-ing sites in the Capital Region and 19.6 square km inother regions are planned for acquisition by the pub-lic sector, and housing demand in the central dis-trict of the Capital Region is to be distributed to the southern and northern districts for the purpose of redu

cing the housing shortage and encouraging bal-anced housing development. It is necessary to pro-mote environmentally friendly, low-density develop-ment of housing sites, develop more large-scale hous-ing sites and establish an individual development plan,so as to enhance resident self-sufficiency.

In addition, based on the Comprehensive Hous-ing Policy Plan it is required to establish local hous-ing policy plans and to put forth efforts to increase theeffects of housing policy by supporting the strength-ened role of local authorities well acquainted with re-gional conditions.

HOUSING ASSISTANCE FOR LOW-INCOMEHOUSEHOLDS

One of the core issues in the Plan is to promote hou-sing welfare for low-income households.In this regard, housing assistance is to be concentrat-ed on households with substandard housing condi-tions, which will be supported by public housing pol-icy. It is necessary to divide these households into di-rect and indirect assistance classes in order to pro-vide efficient housing assistance, and to establish var-ious housing assistance plans that take into account thereasons behind households living in substandard hous-ing conditions, housing type, income, and so on; hous-ing assistance, public housing construction supply, as-sistance for housing expense or housing renova-tion, and other measures may be suggested.

To improve public housing supply, firstly, one mil-lion public rental housing units are planned for con-struction in the coming ten years, and these will be dis-tributed based on regional housing demand.Also, a program to make available various types of pub-lic housing units to low-income households accord-ing to housing type and locational preference will beinstituted.

Expansion of the scope of housing assistance in theNational Basic Living Security Act is expected, aswell as promotion of a plan to provide housing expen-se assistance by way of housing vouchers if hous-ing expenses for minimum standard housing exceed 30% of income. It is also planned to provide finan-cial aid and tax benefits to low-income households inpossession of dilapidated housing requiring replace-ment, and to actively promote housing renovation th-rough housing partnerships between the public andprivate sectors.

TTypes of Substandarypes of Substandard Housing Conditionsd Housing Conditions

7 June 20036

OPENING OF THE SEOHAEAN EXPRESSWAY MAKES A BIG IMPACT

STABILIZING THE HOUSING MARKET

It is critical for national housing welfare to main-tain housing market stability. The government plansto continue housing construction, so as to ease theimbalance of housing demand and supply in the Cap-ital Region, and to establish stable housing marketsettlements by securing public rental housing stock.By doing so, we can achieve stable housing pricesthrough stabilization of the level of jeonse (a tenuresystem in Korea, whereby the tenant makes a lumpsum deposit with the landlord to rent housing and thedeposit is refunded when contract expires. The tenantdoes not pay a monthly rental fee and instead givesup the interest on the deposit.). In addition to strate-gies to deal with housing supply, it is also necessaryto establish a plan to control housing demand. Thegovernment plans to promote the development ofhousing sites with self-sufficiency, and improvementof the traffic network and living conditions in exist-ing districts, as well as establish a living environmentsystem in each neighborhood unit so as to distribute

excessive housing demand in Gangnam and otherdistricts in Seoul.

Aside from the strategies mentioned above, it isnecessary to restrict speculative and excessive com-petition for housing purchases and tighten manage-ment and control of the housing market. The plannedintroduction of a housing warranty system, housingperformance indicators, and other measures shouldlead to stronger consumer protection.

In order to minimize housing market instabilitycaused by external factors such as the financial mar-ket, the government plans to stimulate indirect invest-ment and promote funding of housing constructionby absorbing market liquidity. Along with this, thegovernment plans to support the secondary mortgagemarket and convert housing fund loans with short-term floating rates into long-term loans, therebyreducing the impact of an unstable housing market onthe general economy.

Kyung-Hwan Sohn (khson929@yahoo.co.kr)

The Seohaean (western coast or Yellow Sea coast)Expressway, with a total length of 353km and

running south to north along the western coast ofKorea, was completed at the end of 2001. Thisexpressway, starting from Incheon, passes throughDangjin, Seocheon, Gunsan, and Muan, and ends inMokpo. The opening of the Seohaean Expresswayhas reduced the travel time between Incheon toMokpo to four hours from the previous seven hours.

The Seohaean Expressway, as one of main axes inthe national traffic network, accommodates theincreasing demand for transportation in the CapitalRegion, and promotes development of major regionsalong such as the Seohaean industrial cluster. In addi-tion, it plays a role in improving the national logis-tics system as well as promoting balanced nationaldevelopment.

In particular, the western coastal region, throughwhich the Seohaean Expressway passes, faces Chinaacross Yellow Sea. It is expected that harbors, indus-

trial clusters and cities such as Dangjin, Gunsan,Janghang and Mokpo located along the Expresswaywill play a central role in trade between Korea andChina.

IMPACT ON PRODUCTION, INCOME ANDLOGISTICS COSTS

According to a recent survey, the opening of theSeohaean Expressway has stimulated a record 9.322trillion won in additional production, and will poten-tially have huge impact on domestic economicgrowth.

It is expected that the resulting reduced transporttimes could lower total logistics costs by as much as10,140 billion won by 2020. Transport time hasdecreased especially in the transportation of freightand agricultural, livestock and marine products. Thedecrease in logistics costs is estimated to be less than

access. The policy direction to promote these goalsis formulated as follows: ·Sustainable housing supply to cope with housing

demand·Housing policy focused on supporting low-income

households with the expansion of public housingsupply

·Maintenance of a stable housing market and fairmarket values

·Efficient utilization of housing resources withcoordination of housing construction supply andhousing renovation

HOUSING CONSTRUCTION SUPPLY

The comprehensive housing policy plan (2003 ~2012) to ease housing shortage aims to raise thehousing supply rate to 116.7% by the year 2012,which would place Korea at the same level as that ofdeveloped countries. It also plans to increase thenumber of housing units per 1,000 persons to 320.The housing rate in the Capital Region is expected toincrease to 112.4%, thereby reducing the imparity ofhousing demand and supply.

For housing construction, 23.3 square km of hous-ing sites in the Capital Region and 19.6 square km inother regions are planned for acquisition by the pub-lic sector, and housing demand in the central dis-trict of the Capital Region is to be distributed to the southern and northern districts for the purpose of redu

cing the housing shortage and encouraging bal-anced housing development. It is necessary to pro-mote environmentally friendly, low-density develop-ment of housing sites, develop more large-scale hous-ing sites and establish an individual development plan,so as to enhance resident self-sufficiency.

In addition, based on the Comprehensive Hous-ing Policy Plan it is required to establish local hous-ing policy plans and to put forth efforts to increase theeffects of housing policy by supporting the strength-ened role of local authorities well acquainted with re-gional conditions.

HOUSING ASSISTANCE FOR LOW-INCOMEHOUSEHOLDS

One of the core issues in the Plan is to promote hou-sing welfare for low-income households.In this regard, housing assistance is to be concentrat-ed on households with substandard housing condi-tions, which will be supported by public housing pol-icy. It is necessary to divide these households into di-rect and indirect assistance classes in order to pro-vide efficient housing assistance, and to establish var-ious housing assistance plans that take into account thereasons behind households living in substandard hous-ing conditions, housing type, income, and so on; hous-ing assistance, public housing construction supply, as-sistance for housing expense or housing renova-tion, and other measures may be suggested.

To improve public housing supply, firstly, one mil-lion public rental housing units are planned for con-struction in the coming ten years, and these will be dis-tributed based on regional housing demand.Also, a program to make available various types of pub-lic housing units to low-income households accord-ing to housing type and locational preference will beinstituted.

Expansion of the scope of housing assistance in theNational Basic Living Security Act is expected, aswell as promotion of a plan to provide housing expen-se assistance by way of housing vouchers if hous-ing expenses for minimum standard housing exceed 30% of income. It is also planned to provide finan-cial aid and tax benefits to low-income households inpossession of dilapidated housing requiring replace-ment, and to actively promote housing renovation th-rough housing partnerships between the public andprivate sectors.

TTypes of Substandarypes of Substandard Housing Conditionsd Housing Conditions

9 June 20038

ages between industries, should be established in orderto attract new industries such as mechatronics, theoret-ical chemistry, advanced materials and bio-industry. Inaddition, it is necessary to promote central tourismsites in each living sphere, for specialization as hubsof marine leisure, four-season experience tourism, etc.

Specific plans need to be generated to prevent dis-orderly development and environmental pollutioncaused from the stimulation of development in theareas surrounding the Seohaean Expressway. In thewestern coastal region, where there is great contrastbetween high and low tide, beaches are losing sandand are being contaminated from a variety of devel-opments and construction of tide embankments for

land reclamation projects. Therefore, it is critical toestablish comprehensive strategies for managementof the landscape and beach sand as well as preventionof environmental pollution through cooperationbetween private organizations, NGOs, and centraland local authorities.

In particular, the opening of the expressway mayaffect the way of thinking and values held by people,becoming factors that have the potential to changeregional communities. In this regard, a comprehen-sive plan is currently being formulated to cope withthese changes.

Ji-Chung Yang (jcyang@krihs.re.kr)

2% in 36% of all surveyed industries, 2~5% in 33%,and 5~10% in 23%.

IMPACT ON INDUSTRY, TRANSPORTATION, TOURISM AND SETTLEMENT SYSTEM

The survey showed positive effects from the open-ing of the Seohaean Expressway as follows:improvement of SOC (Social Overhead Capital)facilities, reduction in raw materials and logisticscosts, and invigoration of development in the sur-rounding areas.

In terms of utility costs paid by enterprises usingthe Seohaean Expressway, the costs to sales ratiobefore the opening was 1.2% in electric power, 0.1%in water use and wastewater disposal, and 0.03% inwaste disposal in 2001. In the first half of 2002, thecosts to sales ratio was 0.4% in electric power, 0.1%in water use, 0.04% in wastewater disposal, and0.01% in waste disposal, indicating significant sec-

ondary benefits from the opening of the expressway.Furthermore, the expressway is expected to lead to

increased investment in the private sector through avariety of development projects. In particular,entrepreneurs are now showing interest in projectsfor industrial distribution complexes and tourismsites. Such development projects will likely be pro-moted centering around interchanges.

As more development axes are established or rear-ranged nationwide, traffic patterns will undergochange as well. The traffic volume passing throughmain arterial roads, such as National Roads No. 45and No. 36, has been increasing, and the traffic pat-tern shift is also occurring on other national roads,expressways, and regional roads.

The opening of the expressway seems to be con-tributing to tourism development of marine resourcesas well as cultural and historic sites. The number ofvisitors has been increasing to tourism sites aroundthe Seohaean Expressway, while the number isdecreasing for nature-based tourism sites in inlandareas. In particular, a number of tourists from Seoul

and the metropolitan area have visited thetourism sites around the expressway, exceeding40% of the total number of visitors.

TASKS AHEAD

In addition to the positive effects of theexpressway, it is necessary to consider how todeal with its negative effects.

Specific plans such as provision of publicfacilities are required for surrounding regions,which suffer from weak economic indepen-dence. A town with a population of less than30 thousand will likely become a much smallertown, and lose its specialized characteristics.

In this regard, it is necessary to allocate spe-cific functions and characteristics to each smalland medium living sphere, and establish afoundation for self-reliant growth with cooper-ation networks between regions and spheres. Itis necessary to foster region-specific industriesas strategic industries, and to develop the highvalue-added agricultural and fisheries indus-tries, which are presently the basic industries ofthe western coastal area. “Forward and backward linkages”which

refer to the complex and overlapping interlink-

Jeonnam

Jeonbuk

Chungnam

Dangjin-gun

Seosan-siTaean-gun

Hongseong-gun

Boryeong-si

Seocheon-gun

Gunsan-si

Gimje-si

Buan-gun

Gochang-gun

Yeonggwang-gun

Hampyeong-gun

Muan-gun

Sinan-gun

Mokpo-si

Seohaean ExprSeohaean Expressessww aay Ry Routeoute

In the year 2002, the Korean government con-solidated the “National Land Use and Manage-ment Act”and the “Urban Planning Act”into the

“National Land Planning and Use Act (NLPUA)”to improve the land use control system. Becausenon-urban areas have been developed withoutspecific long-term planning system, the NLPUAwas established to systematically integrate andmanage non-urban areas within the urban plan-ning system. Non-urban areas are now includedin the urban planning system, and considered tobe the same as urban areas. It is possible to cre-ate concrete urban planning for non-urban areassuch as counties (called “gun”in Korean), whichwere previously excluded from the urban plan-ning system, after going through the Land Suit-ability Assessment process. Model projects haveestablished the first basic urban plan for non-urban areas such as Paju-si (a small city) andNamhae-gun (a county) with the NLPUA.

These projects are to establish long-term devel-opment plans for Paju-si and Namhae-gun fol-lowing changes in national and regional condi-tions in the 21st century, and formulate a basicurban plan as an example corresponding to thereadjustments of the legislative framework ofnational land planning. They will guide urban

management by administrative authorities notonly by reporting the region’s specific urban con-cerns but also by suggesting future directions forurban activities. In the meanwhile, the LandSuitability Assessment (LSA) is to define andclassify land use according to its physical, social,economic, spatial and geographical elements. Itis to be used as basic data to decide which landarea is to be preserved and which land area is tobe developed for urbanization.

Paju-si and Namhae-gun have unique charac-teristics and specific urban problems. In the caseof Paju-si, located in the Capital Region, itsurban and non-urban areas co-exist. It is criticalto evaluate external pressures and the inherentfeatures of Paju-si, and to concentrate on formu-lating an environmentally friendly urban plan.Namhae-gun is located on an island with fisheryand agricultural characteristics. For the LSA ofNamhae-gun, it is necessary to evaluate high-value marine resources, landscape, relevantlydecreasing population, and its stagnant regionaleconomy. The Namhae-gun and Paju-si BasicPlans and LSAs are planned for completion byFebruary and September 2004, respectively.

Sang-Jo Kim (sjkim@krihs.re.kr)

Model Projects for the New Urban Planning System

China

Yellow Sea

9 June 20038

ages between industries, should be established in orderto attract new industries such as mechatronics, theoret-ical chemistry, advanced materials and bio-industry. Inaddition, it is necessary to promote central tourismsites in each living sphere, for specialization as hubsof marine leisure, four-season experience tourism, etc.

Specific plans need to be generated to prevent dis-orderly development and environmental pollutioncaused from the stimulation of development in theareas surrounding the Seohaean Expressway. In thewestern coastal region, where there is great contrastbetween high and low tide, beaches are losing sandand are being contaminated from a variety of devel-opments and construction of tide embankments for

land reclamation projects. Therefore, it is critical toestablish comprehensive strategies for managementof the landscape and beach sand as well as preventionof environmental pollution through cooperationbetween private organizations, NGOs, and centraland local authorities.

In particular, the opening of the expressway mayaffect the way of thinking and values held by people,becoming factors that have the potential to changeregional communities. In this regard, a comprehen-sive plan is currently being formulated to cope withthese changes.

Ji-Chung Yang (jcyang@krihs.re.kr)

2% in 36% of all surveyed industries, 2~5% in 33%,and 5~10% in 23%.

IMPACT ON INDUSTRY, TRANSPORTATION, TOURISM AND SETTLEMENT SYSTEM

The survey showed positive effects from the open-ing of the Seohaean Expressway as follows:improvement of SOC (Social Overhead Capital)facilities, reduction in raw materials and logisticscosts, and invigoration of development in the sur-rounding areas.

In terms of utility costs paid by enterprises usingthe Seohaean Expressway, the costs to sales ratiobefore the opening was 1.2% in electric power, 0.1%in water use and wastewater disposal, and 0.03% inwaste disposal in 2001. In the first half of 2002, thecosts to sales ratio was 0.4% in electric power, 0.1%in water use, 0.04% in wastewater disposal, and0.01% in waste disposal, indicating significant sec-

ondary benefits from the opening of the expressway.Furthermore, the expressway is expected to lead to

increased investment in the private sector through avariety of development projects. In particular,entrepreneurs are now showing interest in projectsfor industrial distribution complexes and tourismsites. Such development projects will likely be pro-moted centering around interchanges.

As more development axes are established or rear-ranged nationwide, traffic patterns will undergochange as well. The traffic volume passing throughmain arterial roads, such as National Roads No. 45and No. 36, has been increasing, and the traffic pat-tern shift is also occurring on other national roads,expressways, and regional roads.

The opening of the expressway seems to be con-tributing to tourism development of marine resourcesas well as cultural and historic sites. The number ofvisitors has been increasing to tourism sites aroundthe Seohaean Expressway, while the number isdecreasing for nature-based tourism sites in inlandareas. In particular, a number of tourists from Seoul

and the metropolitan area have visited thetourism sites around the expressway, exceeding40% of the total number of visitors.

TASKS AHEAD

In addition to the positive effects of theexpressway, it is necessary to consider how todeal with its negative effects.

Specific plans such as provision of publicfacilities are required for surrounding regions,which suffer from weak economic indepen-dence. A town with a population of less than30 thousand will likely become a much smallertown, and lose its specialized characteristics.

In this regard, it is necessary to allocate spe-cific functions and characteristics to each smalland medium living sphere, and establish afoundation for self-reliant growth with cooper-ation networks between regions and spheres. Itis necessary to foster region-specific industriesas strategic industries, and to develop the highvalue-added agricultural and fisheries indus-tries, which are presently the basic industries ofthe western coastal area. “Forward and backward linkages”which

refer to the complex and overlapping interlink-

Jeonnam

Jeonbuk

Chungnam

Dangjin-gun

Seosan-siTaean-gun

Hongseong-gun

Boryeong-si

Seocheon-gun

Gunsan-si

Gimje-si

Buan-gun

Gochang-gun

Yeonggwang-gun

Hampyeong-gun

Muan-gun

Sinan-gun

Mokpo-si

Seohaean ExprSeohaean Expressessww aay Ry Routeoute

In the year 2002, the Korean government con-solidated the “National Land Use and Manage-ment Act”and the “Urban Planning Act”into the

“National Land Planning and Use Act (NLPUA)”to improve the land use control system. Becausenon-urban areas have been developed withoutspecific long-term planning system, the NLPUAwas established to systematically integrate andmanage non-urban areas within the urban plan-ning system. Non-urban areas are now includedin the urban planning system, and considered tobe the same as urban areas. It is possible to cre-ate concrete urban planning for non-urban areassuch as counties (called “gun”in Korean), whichwere previously excluded from the urban plan-ning system, after going through the Land Suit-ability Assessment process. Model projects haveestablished the first basic urban plan for non-urban areas such as Paju-si (a small city) andNamhae-gun (a county) with the NLPUA.

These projects are to establish long-term devel-opment plans for Paju-si and Namhae-gun fol-lowing changes in national and regional condi-tions in the 21st century, and formulate a basicurban plan as an example corresponding to thereadjustments of the legislative framework ofnational land planning. They will guide urban

management by administrative authorities notonly by reporting the region’s specific urban con-cerns but also by suggesting future directions forurban activities. In the meanwhile, the LandSuitability Assessment (LSA) is to define andclassify land use according to its physical, social,economic, spatial and geographical elements. Itis to be used as basic data to decide which landarea is to be preserved and which land area is tobe developed for urbanization.

Paju-si and Namhae-gun have unique charac-teristics and specific urban problems. In the caseof Paju-si, located in the Capital Region, itsurban and non-urban areas co-exist. It is criticalto evaluate external pressures and the inherentfeatures of Paju-si, and to concentrate on formu-lating an environmentally friendly urban plan.Namhae-gun is located on an island with fisheryand agricultural characteristics. For the LSA ofNamhae-gun, it is necessary to evaluate high-value marine resources, landscape, relevantlydecreasing population, and its stagnant regionaleconomy. The Namhae-gun and Paju-si BasicPlans and LSAs are planned for completion byFebruary and September 2004, respectively.

Sang-Jo Kim (sjkim@krihs.re.kr)

Model Projects for the New Urban Planning System

China

Yellow Sea

11 June 200310

While there are all kinds of energy saving mea-sures which should be implemented in each

household and industry as well as in the transporta-tion sector, in response to the “high oil price period”caused by the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol to theUnited Nations Framework Convention on ClimaticChange and the rapid increase of oil prices, funda-mental measures for a long-term response must betaken, so as to promote national and urban develop-ment.

There is a close relationship between national spa-tial structure, transportation system and energy con-sumption. Transportation energy consumption hasincreased to 22% (2001) of the nation’s total energyconsumption, and so there is a need to seek nationaldevelopment for energy saving by linking nationaland urban planning with the transportation system. Inparticular, in relation to the national policy goals of

“diffusion of power and balanced national develop-ment,”and spatial reorganization of the national ter-ritory such as the “relocation of the administrativecapital”of the current “Participatory Government,”there is a need to scientifically and systematicallyreview the spatial disposition of population and eco-nomic activities, as well as the transportation system,

to minimize transportation energy consumption andseek fundamental policy measures.

As such, interest in ‘Mobility, Space and Energy’has steadily increased since the mid 1960s on thebasis of efforts of scholars such as Newman, Ken-worthy and Rickaby. Factors that affect transportationenergy consumption are population density, popula-tion spatial disposition, etc. Also, the concept of

“decentralized location of compact cities”was pre-sented as an example of national and urban spatialstructures for energy saving through case studies ofthe world’s major cities.

After the UNCED in 1992, the EU and Japan havebeen discussing national spatial structure for energysaving through reorganization of national and urbanspatial structures and improvement of the transporta-tion system as tenets of sustainable development.

TRANSPORTATION ENERGY SAVINGS FOLLOWING MULTIPLE DIVERSIFICA-TION OF NATIONAL LAND USE

Under the premise that national spatial structure forenergy saving involves “decentralized location of

compact cities,”an attempt canbe made for verification analysiswith the area of national territo-ry on how city size, populationdensity, spatial disposition ofpopulation and other factorsaffect traffic volume betweenregions and energy consumption.Seventy-seven cities from everypart of the country were dividedinto 6 metropolitan areas - theCapital Region, the Daejeonregion, the Daegu region, theGwangju region, the Machangjin(Masan·Changwon·Jinhae)region, and the Busan region. Acomprehensive analysis of thevariables of energy consumptionfor road transportation per person,urbanization rate of each region,

population density, urban dispersion, and other factorswas conducted.

To test the premise that the local cities of Koreahave a certain level of self-sufficiency in terms ofeconomy and culture, and that dispersing the popula-tion appropriately would be effective in transporta-tion energy savings, confirmation can be madethrough simulation analysis.

It is projected that traffic volumes between theregions would be reduced. If we distribute approxi-mately 16.7% of the population from the CapitalRegion and 5.1% of the population from the Busanregion into the Daejeon, Gwangju, Daegu andMachangjin regions, it is expected to reduce trafficvolumes between regions by approximately 26.3%.

PRACTICAL STRATEGY FOR NATIONAL SPATIAL STRUCTURE FOR ENERGY SAVING

In order to establish a national spatial structure forenergy saving, some practical strategies should befollowed:

First of all, we should not pursue population distri-bution policy without first developing self-sufficientcities. Before population dispersion, we must developcities with economic and cultural self-sufficiency, and

policy to strengthen connectivity between cities onthe basis of the size and rank of each must be pursuedwith priority.

Secondly, we need to properly distribute populationin the Capital Region and central functions of thecountry to other regions. The unilateral system ofconcentration of population and important functionsin the Capital Region should be reorganized into amultiple diverse system to achieve balanced nationaldevelopment and energy savings at the same time.Key administrative functions should be relocated intothe central location of each area, and secondary cen-tral locations with functions and facilities to supportthese primary functions should also be established.

Finally, we must prepare methods and proceduresto integrate land use planning and transportation pol-icy. There is a need to recognize that it is importantto improve the policy on land use planning, to devel-op transportation policy as well as to save transporta-tion energy and ease traffic congestion. For newdevelopments such as construction of a new city, cap-ital relocation, and distribution of central and admin-istrative functions, it is necessary to prepare strategicplanning guidelines to minimize transportation ener-gy consumption in consideration of changes in trans-portation demand and supply.

Sun-Hee Kim (shkim@krihs.re.kr)

NATIONAL SPATIAL STRUCTURE FOR ENERGY SAVING

Thanks to the progress of informatization, theimportance of knowledge based on information

infrastructure has been emphasized. Most local gov-ernments have taken interest in informatization per-taining to their daily work.

Until recently, most aspects of informatization inlocal governments were concentrated in attributabledata such as statistics and documents. However, arecent trend has been to consolidate spatial data andattributable data, and thus, Geographic InformationSystem (GIS) has become a crucial means for localgovernments to improve its diverse internal operationsand service to citizens. GIS is emerging as new SocialOverhead Capital (SOC) in information societies.

Since the First Master Plan of National GeographicInformation System was established in 1995, manyGIS projects, such as the Land Management Infor-mation System and Urban Utilities Management Sys-tem, have been launched by many local governments.

Despite the rapid spread of GIS projects in localgovernments, most small cities and rural counties(called “gun”in Korean) are only in the initial stagesof GIS or have yet to introduce GIS. In particular,because rural counties are excluded from the centralgovernment's NGIS policy, the foundation for GIS inthose local governments is very weak.

Geographic Information Infrastructure (GII) is avery important factor in the success of GIS projects

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTUREFOR BALANCED REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

ChangChanges in Tes in Trransporansportatation Enertion Energgy Consumption y Consumption

bby Py Populaopulation Distribtion Distributionution

11 June 200310

While there are all kinds of energy saving mea-sures which should be implemented in each

household and industry as well as in the transporta-tion sector, in response to the “high oil price period”caused by the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol to theUnited Nations Framework Convention on ClimaticChange and the rapid increase of oil prices, funda-mental measures for a long-term response must betaken, so as to promote national and urban develop-ment.

There is a close relationship between national spa-tial structure, transportation system and energy con-sumption. Transportation energy consumption hasincreased to 22% (2001) of the nation’s total energyconsumption, and so there is a need to seek nationaldevelopment for energy saving by linking nationaland urban planning with the transportation system. Inparticular, in relation to the national policy goals of

“diffusion of power and balanced national develop-ment,”and spatial reorganization of the national ter-ritory such as the “relocation of the administrativecapital”of the current “Participatory Government,”there is a need to scientifically and systematicallyreview the spatial disposition of population and eco-nomic activities, as well as the transportation system,

to minimize transportation energy consumption andseek fundamental policy measures.

As such, interest in ‘Mobility, Space and Energy’has steadily increased since the mid 1960s on thebasis of efforts of scholars such as Newman, Ken-worthy and Rickaby. Factors that affect transportationenergy consumption are population density, popula-tion spatial disposition, etc. Also, the concept of

“decentralized location of compact cities”was pre-sented as an example of national and urban spatialstructures for energy saving through case studies ofthe world’s major cities.

After the UNCED in 1992, the EU and Japan havebeen discussing national spatial structure for energysaving through reorganization of national and urbanspatial structures and improvement of the transporta-tion system as tenets of sustainable development.

TRANSPORTATION ENERGY SAVINGS FOLLOWING MULTIPLE DIVERSIFICA-TION OF NATIONAL LAND USE

Under the premise that national spatial structure forenergy saving involves “decentralized location of

compact cities,”an attempt canbe made for verification analysiswith the area of national territo-ry on how city size, populationdensity, spatial disposition ofpopulation and other factorsaffect traffic volume betweenregions and energy consumption.Seventy-seven cities from everypart of the country were dividedinto 6 metropolitan areas - theCapital Region, the Daejeonregion, the Daegu region, theGwangju region, the Machangjin(Masan·Changwon·Jinhae)region, and the Busan region. Acomprehensive analysis of thevariables of energy consumptionfor road transportation per person,urbanization rate of each region,

population density, urban dispersion, and other factorswas conducted.

To test the premise that the local cities of Koreahave a certain level of self-sufficiency in terms ofeconomy and culture, and that dispersing the popula-tion appropriately would be effective in transporta-tion energy savings, confirmation can be madethrough simulation analysis.

It is projected that traffic volumes between theregions would be reduced. If we distribute approxi-mately 16.7% of the population from the CapitalRegion and 5.1% of the population from the Busanregion into the Daejeon, Gwangju, Daegu andMachangjin regions, it is expected to reduce trafficvolumes between regions by approximately 26.3%.

PRACTICAL STRATEGY FOR NATIONAL SPATIAL STRUCTURE FOR ENERGY SAVING

In order to establish a national spatial structure forenergy saving, some practical strategies should befollowed:

First of all, we should not pursue population distri-bution policy without first developing self-sufficientcities. Before population dispersion, we must developcities with economic and cultural self-sufficiency, and

policy to strengthen connectivity between cities onthe basis of the size and rank of each must be pursuedwith priority.

Secondly, we need to properly distribute populationin the Capital Region and central functions of thecountry to other regions. The unilateral system ofconcentration of population and important functionsin the Capital Region should be reorganized into amultiple diverse system to achieve balanced nationaldevelopment and energy savings at the same time.Key administrative functions should be relocated intothe central location of each area, and secondary cen-tral locations with functions and facilities to supportthese primary functions should also be established.

Finally, we must prepare methods and proceduresto integrate land use planning and transportation pol-icy. There is a need to recognize that it is importantto improve the policy on land use planning, to devel-op transportation policy as well as to save transporta-tion energy and ease traffic congestion. For newdevelopments such as construction of a new city, cap-ital relocation, and distribution of central and admin-istrative functions, it is necessary to prepare strategicplanning guidelines to minimize transportation ener-gy consumption in consideration of changes in trans-portation demand and supply.

Sun-Hee Kim (shkim@krihs.re.kr)

NATIONAL SPATIAL STRUCTURE FOR ENERGY SAVING

Thanks to the progress of informatization, theimportance of knowledge based on information

infrastructure has been emphasized. Most local gov-ernments have taken interest in informatization per-taining to their daily work.

Until recently, most aspects of informatization inlocal governments were concentrated in attributabledata such as statistics and documents. However, arecent trend has been to consolidate spatial data andattributable data, and thus, Geographic InformationSystem (GIS) has become a crucial means for localgovernments to improve its diverse internal operationsand service to citizens. GIS is emerging as new SocialOverhead Capital (SOC) in information societies.

Since the First Master Plan of National GeographicInformation System was established in 1995, manyGIS projects, such as the Land Management Infor-mation System and Urban Utilities Management Sys-tem, have been launched by many local governments.

Despite the rapid spread of GIS projects in localgovernments, most small cities and rural counties(called “gun”in Korean) are only in the initial stagesof GIS or have yet to introduce GIS. In particular,because rural counties are excluded from the centralgovernment's NGIS policy, the foundation for GIS inthose local governments is very weak.

Geographic Information Infrastructure (GII) is avery important factor in the success of GIS projects

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTUREFOR BALANCED REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

ChangChanges in Tes in Trransporansportatation Enertion Energgy Consumption y Consumption

bby Py Populaopulation Distribtion Distributionution

13 June 200312

of local governments. Without this infrastructure,their efforts to develop GIS will encounter many dif-ficulties.

CONCEPT AND MEASUREMENT OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE

From a national perspective, Geographic Informa-tion Infrastructure has been defined as National Spa-tial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) for the realization ofNational Information Infrastructure by the govern-ment of the United States in 1994. Nevertheless, theconcept of GII is unfamiliar to local governments.For the purpose of measuring the present level of GIIand analyzing the differences in GII level betweenlocal governments in Korea, a model of GII wasdeveloped.

The GII measuring model was constituted with 5factors; institutional base, GIS Database, GIS Appli-cation, H/W and S/W for GIS, well trained humanpower and GIS organization. Institutional base refersto the establishment of a master plan for GIS projectsand regulations on building and operating GIS appli-cations in local governments.

Local governments in Korea are composed of 81cities and 84 rural counties. Level of GII can be dif-ferentiated by local government size. Thus, we divid-ed 165 local governments into two groups: large andmedium-sized, and small cities. Then, we measuredthe difference in GII between these two groups, and

we reviewed the difference in GII between the Capi-tal Region and non-capital regions.

CURRENT SITUATION

Based on the analysis, there is a huge difference inGII between large and medium-sized cities and smallcities. Small cities have a weak base compared withlarge and medium-sized cities. In addition, there isalso significant difference in infrastructure betweenthe Capital Region and non-capital regions.

Large and medium-sized cities have a compara-tively higher level of GII. As an example, althoughall the large and medium cities had set up a masterplan for GIS, it was very difficult to find small citieswhich had done the same. The number of GISdatabase and GIS applications in large and medium-sized cities was more than 5 to 10 times that of smallcities. As such, the conclusion is that there are severelevel discrepancies in GII between large and medi-um-sized cities and small cities.

It was of particular interest to note that the leveldifference of GII of small cities in the Capital Regionis much higher than that of small cities in non-capi-tal regions. These level differences can be seen in theGIS master plan, GIS specialized division, GISdatabase, and GIS application.

These regional differences may cause a wideningof the digital divide and regional inequalities. At thesame time, the weakening of GII may become anobstacle to promoting NGIS projects, and deteriorate

the public services oflocal governments.

These level differ-ences among localgovernments createregional inequalitiesin local governmen-tal administrativeservices for their res-idents. Hence, it isan urgent necessity todiminish these differ-ences in GII, and weshould develop poli-cy to equalize infras-tructure acrossregions and regard-less of size.

STRATEGIES FORIMPROVEMENT

The central govern-ment’s policy on theNational GeographicInformation Systemhas focused on encour-aging local govern-ments to accelerate thespread of GIS. As aconsequence of thatpolicy, a severe region-al gap in GII level hasdeveloped betweenlarge and medium citygovernments and smallcity governments.

We suggest that the central government institutespecific policy supports to improve the level of GIIin small cities, counties, and especially, non-capitalregions. NGIS policy direction should emphasize theimportance of this infrastructure in small local citiesand counties. The central government would have toarrange a support system for the relatively poor localgovernments. However, the demands for GII are notthe same for all local governments. First of all, weneed to set up a minimum level of infrastructure. If asmall city in a non-capital region falls below the min-imum level, the central government should offer sub-sidies and provide other systematic supports.

Next, NGIS policy must include a special trainingcenter to offer GIS education for local government

employees. Anyone desiring to learn GIS could beeducated at this center. Also, the central governmentwould have to stress advertising the NGIS project toenhance GIS in the minds of local government politi-cal leaders.

Furthermore, the central government can offerincentives to upgrade GII in small cities in non-capi-tal regions, while provincial governments (called

“do”in Korean) would provide financial, technicaland institutional supports. Lastly, we suggest thatlocal governments themselves attempt to upgradetheir abilities by recognizing the numerous benefitsof stronger Geographic Information Infrastructure.

Jong-Taek Park (jtpark@krihs.re.kr)

FFactoractors of the Geos of the Geoggrraaphic Infphic Infororm am ationtion

InfrInfrastrastructuructure Measuring Modele Measuring Model International Cooperation

Exchange MOU with Mongolia

On May 20, 2003, Dr. Shairai Batsukh, theChairman of Administration of Land Relations,Geodesy and Cartography (ALRGC) of Mongo-lia, visited KRIHS to discuss further cooperation

and the direction for national territorial planningand land use and management of Mongolia.

Dr. Kyu-Bang Lee, President of KRIHS, andDr. Shairai Batsukh of ALRGC signed andexchanged a Memorandum of Understanding(MOU), a contract-like document that creates an

Capital Region Non-capital region

Large··

medium citiesSmall cities

Large··

medium citiesSmall cities

GIS master plan(%) 100.0 73.7 100.0 37.8

GIS specialized division(%) 100.0 89.5 100.0 71.1

GIS database(No.) 6.0 4.1 5.9 4.8

GIS S/W(No.) 43.1 4.9 25.3 2.0

GIS application(No.) 6.1 1.1 6.6 1.7

Server/WS(No.) 12.4 2.5 12.1 1.5

Other facilities(No.) 2.8 2.4 11.1 1.7

Throughout the first half of this year, a wide variety of delegations from overseas visited the KoreaResearch Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS) for the promotion of international research exchangeswith their countries. They expressed deep interest in the research activities conducted by KRIHS, andasked for close, active, and sincere relations, so as to continue and enhance fruitful cooperation.

LeLevvel of Geoel of Geoggrraaphic Infphic Infororm am ation Infrtion Infrastrastructuructure be by Sizy Size of Local Goe of Local Govverernmentnment

13 June 200312

of local governments. Without this infrastructure,their efforts to develop GIS will encounter many dif-ficulties.

CONCEPT AND MEASUREMENT OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE

From a national perspective, Geographic Informa-tion Infrastructure has been defined as National Spa-tial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) for the realization ofNational Information Infrastructure by the govern-ment of the United States in 1994. Nevertheless, theconcept of GII is unfamiliar to local governments.For the purpose of measuring the present level of GIIand analyzing the differences in GII level betweenlocal governments in Korea, a model of GII wasdeveloped.

The GII measuring model was constituted with 5factors; institutional base, GIS Database, GIS Appli-cation, H/W and S/W for GIS, well trained humanpower and GIS organization. Institutional base refersto the establishment of a master plan for GIS projectsand regulations on building and operating GIS appli-cations in local governments.

Local governments in Korea are composed of 81cities and 84 rural counties. Level of GII can be dif-ferentiated by local government size. Thus, we divid-ed 165 local governments into two groups: large andmedium-sized, and small cities. Then, we measuredthe difference in GII between these two groups, and

we reviewed the difference in GII between the Capi-tal Region and non-capital regions.

CURRENT SITUATION

Based on the analysis, there is a huge difference inGII between large and medium-sized cities and smallcities. Small cities have a weak base compared withlarge and medium-sized cities. In addition, there isalso significant difference in infrastructure betweenthe Capital Region and non-capital regions.

Large and medium-sized cities have a compara-tively higher level of GII. As an example, althoughall the large and medium cities had set up a masterplan for GIS, it was very difficult to find small citieswhich had done the same. The number of GISdatabase and GIS applications in large and medium-sized cities was more than 5 to 10 times that of smallcities. As such, the conclusion is that there are severelevel discrepancies in GII between large and medi-um-sized cities and small cities.

It was of particular interest to note that the leveldifference of GII of small cities in the Capital Regionis much higher than that of small cities in non-capi-tal regions. These level differences can be seen in theGIS master plan, GIS specialized division, GISdatabase, and GIS application.

These regional differences may cause a wideningof the digital divide and regional inequalities. At thesame time, the weakening of GII may become anobstacle to promoting NGIS projects, and deteriorate

the public services oflocal governments.

These level differ-ences among localgovernments createregional inequalitiesin local governmen-tal administrativeservices for their res-idents. Hence, it isan urgent necessity todiminish these differ-ences in GII, and weshould develop poli-cy to equalize infras-tructure acrossregions and regard-less of size.

STRATEGIES FORIMPROVEMENT

The central govern-ment’s policy on theNational GeographicInformation Systemhas focused on encour-aging local govern-ments to accelerate thespread of GIS. As aconsequence of thatpolicy, a severe region-al gap in GII level hasdeveloped betweenlarge and medium citygovernments and smallcity governments.

We suggest that the central government institutespecific policy supports to improve the level of GIIin small cities, counties, and especially, non-capitalregions. NGIS policy direction should emphasize theimportance of this infrastructure in small local citiesand counties. The central government would have toarrange a support system for the relatively poor localgovernments. However, the demands for GII are notthe same for all local governments. First of all, weneed to set up a minimum level of infrastructure. If asmall city in a non-capital region falls below the min-imum level, the central government should offer sub-sidies and provide other systematic supports.

Next, NGIS policy must include a special trainingcenter to offer GIS education for local government

employees. Anyone desiring to learn GIS could beeducated at this center. Also, the central governmentwould have to stress advertising the NGIS project toenhance GIS in the minds of local government politi-cal leaders.

Furthermore, the central government can offerincentives to upgrade GII in small cities in non-capi-tal regions, while provincial governments (called

“do”in Korean) would provide financial, technicaland institutional supports. Lastly, we suggest thatlocal governments themselves attempt to upgradetheir abilities by recognizing the numerous benefitsof stronger Geographic Information Infrastructure.

Jong-Taek Park (jtpark@krihs.re.kr)

FFactoractors of the Geos of the Geoggrraaphic Infphic Infororm am ationtion

InfrInfrastrastructuructure Measuring Modele Measuring Model International Cooperation

Exchange MOU with Mongolia

On May 20, 2003, Dr. Shairai Batsukh, theChairman of Administration of Land Relations,Geodesy and Cartography (ALRGC) of Mongo-lia, visited KRIHS to discuss further cooperation

and the direction for national territorial planningand land use and management of Mongolia.

Dr. Kyu-Bang Lee, President of KRIHS, andDr. Shairai Batsukh of ALRGC signed andexchanged a Memorandum of Understanding(MOU), a contract-like document that creates an

Capital Region Non-capital region

Large··

medium citiesSmall cities

Large··

medium citiesSmall cities

GIS master plan(%) 100.0 73.7 100.0 37.8

GIS specialized division(%) 100.0 89.5 100.0 71.1

GIS database(No.) 6.0 4.1 5.9 4.8

GIS S/W(No.) 43.1 4.9 25.3 2.0

GIS application(No.) 6.1 1.1 6.6 1.7

Server/WS(No.) 12.4 2.5 12.1 1.5

Other facilities(No.) 2.8 2.4 11.1 1.7

Throughout the first half of this year, a wide variety of delegations from overseas visited the KoreaResearch Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS) for the promotion of international research exchangeswith their countries. They expressed deep interest in the research activities conducted by KRIHS, andasked for close, active, and sincere relations, so as to continue and enhance fruitful cooperation.

LeLevvel of Geoel of Geoggrraaphic Infphic Infororm am ation Infrtion Infrastrastructuructure be by Sizy Size of Local Goe of Local Govverernmentnment

15 June 200314

official alliance between the two organizationsand provides a formal agreement to worktowards common goals, and share interest infuture joint activities. The two parties commit-ted to three types of collaboration: 1) Staffexchanges and visits to assist technology transferin research and training; 2) Collaborativeresearch in the fields of comprehensive territorialplanning, land use and management, and otherfields of mutual interest; and 3) Assistance withresearch materials and information.

Finally, Dr. Shairai Batsukh thanked KRIHS forits in-depth introduction and presentation on landmanagement operation in Korea and hoped forcontinuous support and cooperation from KRIHS.

Ministry of Land and Resource of China

On February 20, 2003, thirteen delegates fromChina’s Ministry of Land and Resources (MLR)visited KRIHS to reinforce the cooperative rela-tionship between the two organizations. A lun-cheon held by KRIHS was followed by a lectureon the comprehensive national territorial manage-ment and related institutional systems in Korea.

Both parties agreed upon further intensificationof cooperative ties between the two countries andexpressed hope that there will be more collabo-rative meetings such as this in the near future.

High-ranking officials from Sri Lanka

A delegation from Sri Lanka visited KRIHS toexchange views on the territorial development

strategies of Korea on January 8, 2003. Thetwelve officials in charge of national planning,public finance and budget of Sri Lanka discussedissues relating to national development with theresearch staff of KRIHS.

The meeting with the KRIHS President wasfollowed by a presentation given by Dr. Lee,Won-Sup on “ The Fourth ComprehensiveNational Territorial Plan in Korea”as well as a

“question-and-answer”session on national devel-opment in Korea.

Korean and Japanese student delegation

On March 12, 2003 twenty-five students fromKunkook University in Korea and twenty-fivestudents from Meikei University in Japan visitedKRIHS. The delegation’s visit to KRIHS waspart of a study tour to learn about the national ter-ritorial development processes of Korea.

During their visit, Dr. Lee, Dong-Woo intro-duced organization and its research activities andgive a presentation on “The Fourth Comprehen-sive National Territorial Plan in Korea”to thedelegation. Each of the students, who are major-ing in real estate studies, showed his or herappreciation for the invaluable informationobtained during the visit.

Delegates of the Ministry of Land, Infras-tructure and Transport Government ofJapan

A delegation from the Ministry of Land, Infras-tructure and Transport Government of Japan vis-ited KRIHS on March 12, 2003. The Japaneseofficials, in charge of the national territorialdevelopment plan of Japan, discussed issuesrelating to territorial development, national long-term vision, and land management knowledge-sharing with the research staff of KRIHS.

Most importantly, the delegation’s key interestwas on sustainable land use in Korea‘s nationalterritorial planning and management. In the lastpart of the meeting, the Japanese delegatesexpressed hope for increased future cooperationand opportunities to be shared between the twoorganizations.

The Northeast Asia Research Team held severalforums on developments and cooperation in North-east Asia.

On February 12, the theme was ‘The State andForecast of Korea-Russia Train Cooperation,’pre-sented by Seo, Hun-Tack from the Ministry of Con-struction and Transportation.

On Feb. 14, ‘Spatial Effects of Regional Integra-tion and Its Implications for Regional and Trans-portation Policies’by Kim, Beom-soo from USC.

On April 22, ‘Korea-Russia Economic Coopera-tion and Siberia/Far East Russia’was addressed byHan, Jong-Man from Baejae University.

On May 27, ‘Vietnam Reform and Openness Poli-cy and the State of Industrial Complex’by Kwon,Yul from the Korea Institute for International Eco-nomic Policy.

The forums hosted by KRIHS to provide preciousopportunities to share attendants’knowledge andopinions on issues concerning Northeast Asia.

KRIHS organized a workshop on Innovative Clus-ters and Regional Economic Development: Interna-tional Perspectives. The workshop was held for twodays on Feb. 13 and 14. The participants were 12Koreans and 5 foreigners who came from Canada,Italy, German Thailand and the OECD. It was com-posed of five sessions: the Present Condition of Clus-ters and Main Policy, Cluster Formation in Domesticand Foreign and Development Cases 1, 2, and 3, aswell as General Discussion. Jean Guinet from theOECD opened the workshop with a paper and closedit with a speech.

KRIHS held the International Symposium on Envi-ronmental Management of Siwha Lake on March 27in collaboration with the Korea Water ResourcesCorporation.

The Symposium was composed of 5 lectures withalmost one hundred people from various academicand civil organizations and local governments. Thefive main speakers, from Germany, Japan and Korea,presented case studies on lake preservation anddevelopment from each country. Then the floor wasopened for a discussion on how to preserve and man-age Siwha Lake.

KRIHS has embarked on a research project to createcomprehensive geographic records of spatial aspectsas well as natural and cultural conditions of individu-al regions, which are called “Jiji”in Korean. Itformed a working group for this long-term researchproject in March, 2003, and held a forum with rele-vant experts to discuss the contents, research trends,and directions of the project.

As a government-sponsored research institute,KRIHS is called upon to make efforts to analyze andrecord Korean history related to economic and geo-logical changes of national territory for the last fivedecades. KRIHS plans to organize, in or aroundOctober, 2003, the “National Territorial Jiji ResearchForum”with concerned expert groups, such as theKorean Geographical Society, as well as local histo-rians and cultural organizations, and hold quarterlymeetings for the national geographic survey. KRIHSis expected to play a central role in the research pro-ject on comprehensive geological records.

The GIS Research Center has completed its“Research on GIS Educational System,”outsourcedby the Ministry of Construction and Transportation.This research project focuses on the “On-line GISEducational System through Internet”and “Introduc-tion of GIS Professional Certification.”

GIS Research Center held a workshop, on April 17- 19, in order to learn from the experiences of otherresearch institutes currently providing GIS on-lineeducation, and to collect opinions of experts in thepublic, private and academic sectors.

KRIHS plans to provide a web service for GIS on-line education from July 1, 2003, that reflects theresults of the workshop. And it has decided to givecareful consideration to the introduction of the GISProfessional Certification.

KRIHS and the Institute of Geographic Science &Natural Resources Research of China held the JointSeminar on Regional Development of the Yellow SeaCoast from May 20 to 25 in Beijing, China. Thisseminar was organized to review the results of theresearch project on Yellow Sea coast developmentconducted by the two institutes, and suggest futuredesirable directions.

Dr. Kyu-Bang Lee, President of KRIHS, shakes hands with Dr.Shairai Batsukh, Chairman of ALRGC, after signing an agreementon research exchanges between the two organizations at theKRIHS building.

EWS & ANNOUNCEMENTSNN

15 June 200314

official alliance between the two organizationsand provides a formal agreement to worktowards common goals, and share interest infuture joint activities. The two parties commit-ted to three types of collaboration: 1) Staffexchanges and visits to assist technology transferin research and training; 2) Collaborativeresearch in the fields of comprehensive territorialplanning, land use and management, and otherfields of mutual interest; and 3) Assistance withresearch materials and information.

Finally, Dr. Shairai Batsukh thanked KRIHS forits in-depth introduction and presentation on landmanagement operation in Korea and hoped forcontinuous support and cooperation from KRIHS.

Ministry of Land and Resource of China

On February 20, 2003, thirteen delegates fromChina’s Ministry of Land and Resources (MLR)visited KRIHS to reinforce the cooperative rela-tionship between the two organizations. A lun-cheon held by KRIHS was followed by a lectureon the comprehensive national territorial manage-ment and related institutional systems in Korea.

Both parties agreed upon further intensificationof cooperative ties between the two countries andexpressed hope that there will be more collabo-rative meetings such as this in the near future.

High-ranking officials from Sri Lanka

A delegation from Sri Lanka visited KRIHS toexchange views on the territorial development

strategies of Korea on January 8, 2003. Thetwelve officials in charge of national planning,public finance and budget of Sri Lanka discussedissues relating to national development with theresearch staff of KRIHS.

The meeting with the KRIHS President wasfollowed by a presentation given by Dr. Lee,Won-Sup on “ The Fourth ComprehensiveNational Territorial Plan in Korea”as well as a

“question-and-answer”session on national devel-opment in Korea.

Korean and Japanese student delegation

On March 12, 2003 twenty-five students fromKunkook University in Korea and twenty-fivestudents from Meikei University in Japan visitedKRIHS. The delegation’s visit to KRIHS waspart of a study tour to learn about the national ter-ritorial development processes of Korea.

During their visit, Dr. Lee, Dong-Woo intro-duced organization and its research activities andgive a presentation on “The Fourth Comprehen-sive National Territorial Plan in Korea”to thedelegation. Each of the students, who are major-ing in real estate studies, showed his or herappreciation for the invaluable informationobtained during the visit.

Delegates of the Ministry of Land, Infras-tructure and Transport Government ofJapan

A delegation from the Ministry of Land, Infras-tructure and Transport Government of Japan vis-ited KRIHS on March 12, 2003. The Japaneseofficials, in charge of the national territorialdevelopment plan of Japan, discussed issuesrelating to territorial development, national long-term vision, and land management knowledge-sharing with the research staff of KRIHS.

Most importantly, the delegation’s key interestwas on sustainable land use in Korea‘s nationalterritorial planning and management. In the lastpart of the meeting, the Japanese delegatesexpressed hope for increased future cooperationand opportunities to be shared between the twoorganizations.

The Northeast Asia Research Team held severalforums on developments and cooperation in North-east Asia.

On February 12, the theme was ‘The State andForecast of Korea-Russia Train Cooperation,’pre-sented by Seo, Hun-Tack from the Ministry of Con-struction and Transportation.

On Feb. 14, ‘Spatial Effects of Regional Integra-tion and Its Implications for Regional and Trans-portation Policies’by Kim, Beom-soo from USC.

On April 22, ‘Korea-Russia Economic Coopera-tion and Siberia/Far East Russia’was addressed byHan, Jong-Man from Baejae University.

On May 27, ‘Vietnam Reform and Openness Poli-cy and the State of Industrial Complex’by Kwon,Yul from the Korea Institute for International Eco-nomic Policy.

The forums hosted by KRIHS to provide preciousopportunities to share attendants’knowledge andopinions on issues concerning Northeast Asia.

KRIHS organized a workshop on Innovative Clus-ters and Regional Economic Development: Interna-tional Perspectives. The workshop was held for twodays on Feb. 13 and 14. The participants were 12Koreans and 5 foreigners who came from Canada,Italy, German Thailand and the OECD. It was com-posed of five sessions: the Present Condition of Clus-ters and Main Policy, Cluster Formation in Domesticand Foreign and Development Cases 1, 2, and 3, aswell as General Discussion. Jean Guinet from theOECD opened the workshop with a paper and closedit with a speech.

KRIHS held the International Symposium on Envi-ronmental Management of Siwha Lake on March 27in collaboration with the Korea Water ResourcesCorporation.

The Symposium was composed of 5 lectures withalmost one hundred people from various academicand civil organizations and local governments. Thefive main speakers, from Germany, Japan and Korea,presented case studies on lake preservation anddevelopment from each country. Then the floor wasopened for a discussion on how to preserve and man-age Siwha Lake.

KRIHS has embarked on a research project to createcomprehensive geographic records of spatial aspectsas well as natural and cultural conditions of individu-al regions, which are called “Jiji”in Korean. Itformed a working group for this long-term researchproject in March, 2003, and held a forum with rele-vant experts to discuss the contents, research trends,and directions of the project.

As a government-sponsored research institute,KRIHS is called upon to make efforts to analyze andrecord Korean history related to economic and geo-logical changes of national territory for the last fivedecades. KRIHS plans to organize, in or aroundOctober, 2003, the “National Territorial Jiji ResearchForum”with concerned expert groups, such as theKorean Geographical Society, as well as local histo-rians and cultural organizations, and hold quarterlymeetings for the national geographic survey. KRIHSis expected to play a central role in the research pro-ject on comprehensive geological records.

The GIS Research Center has completed its“Research on GIS Educational System,”outsourcedby the Ministry of Construction and Transportation.This research project focuses on the “On-line GISEducational System through Internet”and “Introduc-tion of GIS Professional Certification.”

GIS Research Center held a workshop, on April 17- 19, in order to learn from the experiences of otherresearch institutes currently providing GIS on-lineeducation, and to collect opinions of experts in thepublic, private and academic sectors.

KRIHS plans to provide a web service for GIS on-line education from July 1, 2003, that reflects theresults of the workshop. And it has decided to givecareful consideration to the introduction of the GISProfessional Certification.

KRIHS and the Institute of Geographic Science &Natural Resources Research of China held the JointSeminar on Regional Development of the Yellow SeaCoast from May 20 to 25 in Beijing, China. Thisseminar was organized to review the results of theresearch project on Yellow Sea coast developmentconducted by the two institutes, and suggest futuredesirable directions.

Dr. Kyu-Bang Lee, President of KRIHS, shakes hands with Dr.Shairai Batsukh, Chairman of ALRGC, after signing an agreementon research exchanges between the two organizations at theKRIHS building.

EWS & ANNOUNCEMENTSNN

16

THE NEW TERRITORIAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGY (2003~2007) IN PROGRESS

June 2003, Vol.19

The Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements is anon-profit research institution established in 1978.It specializes in the fields of national planning, housingand land policies, transportation, regional development, urbandesign, environment, and construction economy.KRIHS seeks to improve knowledge and understanding of theconditions and problems of the nation’s resources andtheir interaction with people, to assist the government informulating long-range development plans and makepolicy recommendations on related matters, to collaboratewith the international research community in solvingtheoretical and practical problems concerning humansettlement issues and planning, and to provide researchexpertise and consulting services as well as trainingprograms for foreign governments and institutions.

Copyright c JUNE 2003The Korea Research Institute for Human SettlementsSPACE and ENVIRONMENT is published twice a year by theKorea Research Institute for Human Settlements,1591-6, Gwanyang-dong, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do431-712, Korea.TEL : 82-31-380-0429E-Mail : smpark@krihs.re.kr•http : //www.krihs.re.krPublisher : Kyu-Bang LeeEditor : Dong-Ju KimEditorial Committee : Mie-Oak Chae, Jung-Hoon Kim,

Myeong-Soo Kim, Ki-Seok Kye, Won-Sup Lee, Soon-Up Park, Su-Min Park

KRIHS GAZETTE JUNE 2003 Vol.19

The Comprehensive National Territorial Plan(CNTP) is Korea’s foremost comprehensive plan,

whereby far-reaching, long-term policies are to beestablished concerning land use, development, andpreservation. It is specified under the Constitution andthe Basic Act on National Territory.

The CNTP sets the policy goals and strategies forachieving desirable national and regional development,and provides direction for planning and policy imple-mentation for various sectors, including industry, trans-portation, and housing. It also presents land manage-ment principles to guide local governments, companiesand other institutions as they plan and manage develop-ment.

The New Territorial Management Strategy(2003~2007) is the 5-year action plan of the FourthCNTP (2000~2020) for implementing the contents ofthe Fourth CNTP and adjusting for changes in circum-stances arising after the establishment of the CNTP. Itsgoal is to prepare related work by relevant institutions.For this purpose, the heads of central administrativeauthorities, mayors, and governors should establishaction plans within their respective jurisdictions for sub-mission to the Ministry of Construction and Transporta-tion (MOCT).

After establishment of the action plan, the relevantauthority should also submit the outcome of the planwithin its jurisdiction. The MOCT will gather all theseresults in order to evaluate the performance of theCNTP and report the integrated outcome to the Nation-al Territorial Policy Committee. The MOCT will reviewthe CNTP every 5 years, taking into consideration theevaluated results of the action plan in each jurisdiction,and changes in circumstances up to that point.

CONTENTS OF THE NEW TERRITORIALMANAGEMENT STRATEGY

The New Territorial Management Strategy(NTMS) will present the basic direction of nationalterritorial management for 5 years (2003~2007), thesame term as the “ Participatory Government”launched in 2003. It will suggest specific measuresfor attaining the major policy goals of the “Partici-patory Government,”such as construction of a newadministrative capital, balanced national develop-ment, and establishment of Korea as the economichub of Northeast Asia.

Regarding the basic strategies presented by theFourth CNTP and the direction of development pro-moted by individual cities and provinces, the NTMSidentifies 10 subject fields: regional development,transportation and information & telecommunication,land use and management, urban development andmanagement, housing, environmental preservationand management, water resources, South and NorthKorea and Northeast Asia, finance and implementa-tion, and urban and provincial development direc-tion.

ESTABLISHMENT PROCESS

The central authorities will establish the actionplan in 9 subject fields for the ComprehensiveNational Territorial Plan, excluding provincial devel-opment. Local governments are to set the develop-ment plan for specialization in each region on thebasis of the provincial development direction of the

The Korean government began the establishmentof the regional development plan of the Seohaean(western coast or Yellow Sea coast) Expressway inMay, 2002. The plan was formulated by KRIHS incollaboration with the Institute of Geographic Sci-ence & Natural Resources Research of China and theNomura Research Institute of Japan. With the valu-able opinions presented during the seminar, KRIHSplans to report the research results at the end of July,2003.

KRIHS organized a lecture on Foreign Countries’Capital Relocation Case Studies. The lecture washeld under the joint auspices of KRIHS and theKorea National Housing Corporation (KNHC) onMay 28 at the Conference Hall in KNHC, Sungnam,Korea. Dr. Charles Steger, the president of VirginiaTech. of the USA was invited as a lecturer. Casesfrom Washington D.C., Brasilia, Canberra, Islam-abad and several other foreign capitals were present-ed and discussed, and suggestions were made con-cerning the complex issues surrounding relocation ofthe Korean capital.

The Private Infrastructure Investment Center ofKorea (PICKO) hosted its second domestic consul-tative meeting targeted toward foreign investors onJune 26. Its goal was to promote more foreign invest-ment in Korean infrastructure through workingtogether to identify difficulties and create solutions,gathering feedback on the investment process, and

promoting mutual understanding and improved com-munication between investors, government officials,and construction companies.

The chair of the meeting was PICKO managingdirector Heung Soo Kim, Ph.D., and the keynotespeech was given by Mr. James P. Rooney, presidentand CEO of Market Force Company, a worldwideconsulting company. Four presentations were made byconcessionaires of domestic infrastructure projects,including Veolia Water, Hyundai E&C, Bouygues, andShinhan Macquaire Financial Advisory.

The meeting concluded with an open floor discus-sion on ways to improve the PPI project implemen-tation process in Korea with a panel of distinguishedinfrastructure experts from national governmentagencies and domestic and foreign firms.

It is hoped that the results of this meeting will pavethe way for the cultivation of a deeper and strongerinvestor base for Korean infrastructure projects, aswell as improvement of the entire domestic infras-tructure implementation system.

KRIHS held a joint workshop on urban and regionalplanning on June 30 in collaboration with TsukubaUniversity in Japan. The workshop was composed of6 main speakers and was proceeded in 5 sessionsincluding opening ceremony, land use management,housing land development, metropolitan policy, anddiscussion. It was the second workshop after estab-lishing a sisterhood relationship in research betweentwo organizations.