in multi-domains multi-technologies networks multi-technologies networks introduction best-effort et...
TRANSCRIPT
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Seven Rules for Guaranteeing Quality of Service
in Multi-Domains Multi-Technologies
Networks
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INTRODUCTION
Best-Effort et QoS
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QoS/QoE Requirements
-Bandwidth - Partial or total Reliability -Temporal Limits
Applicative QoE and QoS are :
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The global Approaches
• QoS in the Networks can be provided :
– By Over-Provisionning
– By Optimisation (Best Effort)
– By Guarantee
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From BE to Optimised QoS • Starting from the BE Internet
– Improve the ressource utilisation But by keeping all basic present solutions And WITHOUT modifing the architecture
• Optimise all composants – Adapt les applications (new efficient codecs,…) – Adapt les architectures (use proxys,…) – Develop better mechanisms (congestion control, …) – Develop more adapted protocols (ex in Transport Layer:
DCCP,…)
• BUT ALWAYS Best-effort, WITHOUT guarantee
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From BE to Garanteed QoS New Requirements :
• master all ressources of the Internet BUT • BEING as General & Open as the present Internet ⇒ Define NEW functions,
NEW mechanisms and NEW protocols THE problems: • What functions, mechanisms, protocols ? • What global architecture ? • What is the resulting complexity ? • What are the resulting deployment difficulties ?
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as this has to be done Horizontaly accross the networks and
Verticaly in the nodes
Comm Infras
MM Applis
QoS requirements
QoS-oriented Transport protocols
* bandwidth * Time constraints (delay, jitter) * synchronization * Partial reliability and order
Mechanisms and protocols in the Applications
IntServ (RSVP) DiffServ IP Serv
Best-Effort
Infrastructure capability
Access network
Access network
Access netw
Access network
Access
netw
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A lot of work has been done :
• MANY Mechanisms, protocols et architectures • But all Partial, so HOW to design and integrate (fully coherently)
from Users to Users
– The most efficent mechanisms – Their compatible compositions in protocols – All these protocols (signaling, data, …)
in an adequate architecture ?
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EuQoS Objectives
1. Design End-to-end QoS architecture and software (a QoS system) for - multiple heterogeneous networks - multiple heterogeneous technologies
2. Demonstrate the QoS System for a large set of access networks : Ethernet, xDSL, WiFi, UMTS, MPLS-GMPLS and Satellite
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Design META-RULES - Design a global/full architecture If Mechanisms are designed independently of their context,
there is a low probability for them to be good choices
- Avoid all end-to-end homogeneous solutions Given the Internet complexities, topologies and technologies, any acceptable architecture must integrate DIVERSITY
- Define Only Key Interfaces, Independent of the Technologies
Give total freedom to designers, in all domains and technos, to develop the most efficient solutions (perf, cost, etc)
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The seven
Design Rules
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Rule 1 :
APPLICATIONS must be independent of
NETWORKS
ARCHITECTURE v1
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USER 1 USER 2 Application layer 1. Negotiate QoS using Signaling
2. Ask a QoS Service
provided by the set of Networks/
Domains/ASs
Appli Appli
ARCHITECTURE v1
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proxy1 proxy2
USER 1
USER 2
SDP SDP
SIP Agent SIP Agent
Note: many applications use SIP
A1) A2.2) A3)
A7.3)
A4) A5) A6)
A8)
SIP has No QoS But gives a List of Codecs (=> QoS requirements)
A3.1) A2.1)
A7.1) A7.2 )
MEDIA TRANSFERT BYE
OK
Invite Trying Ringing
OK
ACK
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Negociate QoS By
Encapsulating SIP (EuQoS EQ-SIP)
– SIP Codec negotiation becomes a building block – SIP “Selected Codec” used to request QoS
for the end-to-end connection:
• EX: From Calling to Called User, Bandwidth Request for “Selected Codec” is 5 Mb/s,…
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Rule 2 : INTRODUCE
Technology Independence with respect to NETWORKS
ARCHITECTURE v2
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Over GEANT & the NRNs
CORE NETWO
RK
ACCESS NETWORK
ACCESS NETWORK
ACCESS NETWORK
ACCESS NETWORK
ACCESS NETWORK
ACCESS NETWORK
ACCESS NETWORK
ACCESS NETWORK
CORE NETWORK
CORE NETWORK
CORE NETWORK
CORE NETWORK . . . .
. . .
.
. . . .
. . .
.
. . . . . . . .
. . .
. . . . .
. . .
. . .
. .
. . .
. . . . . . . . .
CORE NETWORK
CORE NETWORK
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The Simplest case
CORE NETWO
RK
ACCESS NETWORK
ACCESS NETWORK
CORE NETWORK
CORE NETWORK
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Then, Independence means :
a) The different technologies must not appear in the architecture: make it virtual
b) Define and Add a technology independent
virtual network (VN) level for guaranteeing an abstract end-to-end QoS
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USER 1 USER 2
Virtual Network level
Application Level Appli Appli
ARCHITECTURE v2
EQ-SIP Signaling
EQ-SDP
EQ-SIP Signaling
EQ-SDP
VN1 VN3 VN2 VN5 VN4
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For QoS and Ressources, TWO PLANES
1. PLANE 1 - CONTROL, how to RESERVE the resources: SIGNALING to be defined to enforce the guarantee
2. PLANE 2 - DATA, how to USE the resources : how to send the DATA when the resources are allocated
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PART 1
CONTROL PLANE
SIGNALING
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Rule 3 : Define (in the CONTROL Plane)
as a High-Level SIGNALING beween the VNs
ARCHITECTURE v3
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Access network
AS
Access network Access network
Access network
AS
Access
network
What End-to-end path ?
?????????? ? ? ?????????? ? ? ?
????? ? ? ??????
? ? ?
?? ???????
DOMAIN
DOMAIN
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SIGNALING and DATA Paths
a) Classical solution : in the Control Plane - Define a SIGNALING path (e.g. using RSVP)
- Use SIGNALING path to send the DATA
and the Data follows this QoS Data path
=>> deployment ???
b) Hortogonal solution : in the Data Plane - Use the present DATA path : BGP or BGP-based - Reserve the resources when needed (Res Managers) - Using a SIGNALING path derived from DATA path and Send Data along this QoS Data path
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Start from Data Path : BGP-based (e.g. q-BGP, with QoS classes)
AS 3
AS 4
AS 5
AS 6
Receiver
Sender
BR5-in
BR3-out
BR4-in
BR4-out
BRout BR6-in
Access Network
BR3-y
BR3-x
BR3-in
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Add a Resource Manager per domain
AS 4
RM4 BR4-in
BR4-out
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AS 4
RM4
BR4-in
BR4-out
and Data path during Data Phase
So, Use : Signaling path during Signaling Phase
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PHASE 1 : SIGNALING
AS 3 AS 4
AS 5
AS 6
RM3
RM5
RM6
RM4
Receiver
Sender
BR5-in
BR3-out
BR4-in
BR4-out
BR5-out BR6-in
Reserve the resources
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USER 1 USER 2
Per Domain ==> a Resource Manager (RM)
RM1 RMj RM(n-1) RM2 RMn
Virtual Network Level
Application Level Appli Appli
ARCHITECTURE v3
EQ-SIP Signaling
EQ-SDP
EQ-SIP Signaling
EQ-SDP
EQ- SIG
EQ- SIG
EQ- SIG
EQ- SIG
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Ri Rb
Ri Rb
Rb
Rb
Rb
Rb
Rb
Rb
Rb
Rb
Lint
Lint Lint
Lint
Lint
Ri
Ri
Ri
Ri
L’
L’
L’
L’
Lext
Lext
Lext
Lext
Lext
Lext
Lext
Lext
Lext
Lext
Topology T
Abstract Topology
Ta
Ex of Admission Control Model : a domain is seen by a RM as pairs of BRs (Abstraction)
Model M1
Model M2
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With the Abstraction Properties
Model 2 : Abstract topology Ta = {Rb, Lv}
with Lv = {virtual-real links between border routers}
Ta = Projection ( T / {Ri, Li} ) (abstracting internal routers and internal links) )
• P being a Property on T and Ta
Projection must be such that :
P (Ta) => P (T) <=> if P true in Ta, then P true in T
Note : P(Ta) can be not optimal in the sense that some P can hold in T and not in Ta
• Ex of Properties : delay, bandwidth, etc…
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Rule 4 : Integrate the technologies of
the networks
ARCHITECTURE v4
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ADD
a) A technology dependent function => A local QoS allocator QA => Defined by a
technology-dependent approach
b) and then for each technology independently define an optimal mapping
between the RM and the QA
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USER 1 USER 2
QoS Allocators
Network technology Independent Sub-layer Resource Managers
Network technology Dependent sub-layer
Application QoS-based end-to-end signaling
QoS Access Network
1
QoS Network
i
QoS Access Network
2
QoS Network
k
QoS Network
j
QA1 QAk QAj QAi QA2
RM1 RMi RMj RMk RM2
Virtual Network Level Appli Appli
ARCHITECTURE v4
EQ-SIP Signaling
EQ-SDP
EQ-SIP Signaling
EQ-SDP EQ- SIG
EQ- SIG
EQ- SIG
EQ- SIG
COPS COPS COPS COPS COPS
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Rule 5 : Define a simple
Connection Admission Control
Architecture v5
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Connection Admission Control
When a user asks a QoS communication Check the RMs for the availability of the resources along the path
a) If OK for one RM, ask the next one b) If not OK, do not accept the call
stop or come back and propose less QoS
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Ex of CAC in Invocation process
RM1 RM2 RMn
RA1 RA2 RAn
APPLI
EQ-SAP
ResCom: Reserve and Commit Message Request ResCom-Ack : Reserve and Commit Message Ack Res-Ack : Reserve Message Ack ; Com-Ack : Commit Message Ack
ResCom ResCom ResCom Res-Ack
Com-Ack Res-Ack
Com-Ack
Res-Ack
Com-Ack
ResCom ResCom
ResCom-Ack ResCom-Ack
.
.
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The end-to-end path Signalling
LOOSE PATH
The BGP-based is a LOOSE Path :
Resources are checked in each domain by the RM and its QA (when QA needed)
=> Potential problem of SCALABILITY
AS1 AS5
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USER 1 USER 2
EQ-SDP
EQ-SIP Signaling
EQ-SIP Signaling
Network technology Independent sub-layer
Network technology dependent sub-layer
Access Network
1
QoS Domain
i
Access Network
2
QoS Domain
k
QoS Domain
j
QA1 QAk QAj QAi QAn
RM1 RMi RMj RMk RM2
Virtual Network Layer
Application Application
ARCHITECTURE v5
EQ-SDP
SIP proxy
SIP proxy
Application Layer
EQ-SIP, EQ-SDP
EQ- SIG
COPS COPS COPS COPS COPS
EQ- SIG
EQ- SIG EQ-
SIG
CAC CAC CAC CAC
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Rule 6 Use Recursivity for
SIGNALING Scalability and Deployment
Architecture v6
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Use Recursivity by Super-Domains
• To SOLVE the scalability problem in the CORE networks,
• USE Super-Domains: AGGREGATIONS of SETS of DOMAINS
• Example: AGGREGATION using MPLS: => MPLS tunnels and
=> the IETF PCE (Path Computation Elements)
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PCE Architecture
• PCE defines – PCC (Path Computation Client) : requests Multi-Domains MPLS path computation, to be performed by a PCE – PCEs (Path Computation Elements) : the entities that can compute the path in function of the network graph & its constraints
PCC Domain 1
Domain 3 Domain 2
with Inter-PCE comm PCE PCE PCE
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Family of E2E Paths
FULL PCE
HARD
Full BGP
LOOSE
Access BGP and
Core PCE
AS1 AS2 AS3 AS4 AS5
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USER 1 USER 2
EQ-SDP
EQ-SIP Signaling
EQ-SIP Signaling
Network technology Independent sub-layer
Network technology dependent sub-layer
Access Network
1
QoS Domain
i
Access Network
2
QoS Domain
k
QoS Domain
j
RA1 RAk RAj RAi RAn
RM1 RMi RMj RMk RM2
Virtual Network Layer
Application Application
ARCHITECTURE v6
EQ-SDP
SIP proxy
SIP proxy
Application Layer
EQ-SIP, EQ-SDP
Q- SIG
COPS COPS COPS COPS COPS
Q-BGP
Q- SIG
Q- SIG Q-
SIG
Q-PATH
Q-PCE
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PART 2 DATA Transfer
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Rule 7 : Integrate the DATA PLANE
Architecture v7
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Two layers have to be defined:
a) Network Layer : Network Classes of Services (CoSs)
b) Transport Layer : sending DATA depending on each CoSs
by EQ-ETP, a New Multi-Services Multi-Services Transport Layer Protocol
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EuQoS: 3 network Classes of Services
Garantie
RT Bande passante Maximum
NRT Bande passante Minimum = g
BE Pas de valeur garantie
Classes de Service
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EuQoS EQ-ETP
Streams Error tolerant e.g. VoD
Non-Streams Error intolerant e.g. file transf
RT ETP = UDP[RC] ETP[EC]
NRT ETP[gTFRC] ETP[gTFRC+EC]
BE ETP[TFRC+DT] ETP[TFRC+DT+EC]
Network Classes of Service
Application profile
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CONCLUSION – Generic Architecture to guarantee QoS
in Multi-domains & Multi-technologies
– Scalable
– Able to integrate all technologies • First BGP and MPLS, and then, as
• NRN GEANT PIP (Premium IP) in the core
– In EuQoS Prototype implemented with 6 applications, 11 testbeds, 6 technologies