Waste Management Concept for 2015

i n F r e i b u r g

FreiburgI M B R E I S G A UEigenbetrieb Abfallwirtschaft Freiburg

Department of Environment, Youth and Education

Introduction

Dear Citizens,

since introducing our first concept of waste management in Freiburg back in 1991, a pro-

found change away from hazard protection and waste disposal oriented tasks to an econo-

my of resources and recycling has been fulfilled. Service orientation, protection of resources,

climate protection, fair charges and economics are the main focus of waste management

in Freiburg today.

This development is also demanded by the legislators. Nowadays there are definite requi-

rements for state governments and local authorities on recycling rates, material utilisation

per capita as well as obligatory separation.

Over the past decades the waste management industry in Freiburg has implemented and

actively developed further targets in waste prevention and recycling. This concept of waste

management also shows that many targets required by law over the forthcoming years have

already been achievable today:

• Accordingtotherecyclinglaw,organicwaste,paper,metal,plasticandglassaretobe

collected separately until 2015. This obligation has been adhered to in Freiburg since the

introduction of separate collection of organic waste in 1997.

• Lastyear,theFreiburgrecyclingratereached69%whichalreadyexceedsthequota

giveninthe2020RecyclingLawformunicipalwasteby65%.

• Thequantityfororganicwasteistobeincreasedto60kgpercapitaby2020.In2013,

66kgperinhabitanthadbeencollectedinFreiburg.

• ThankstotheexemplarywayinwhichFreiburgcitizensseparatetheirwaste,thelevel

ofdomesticandbulkywasteintheyear2013at112kgwas22,2%belowtheBaden-

Württemberg State average.

We currentlywish to extend variousmeasures onwaste prevention bymeans of pro-

jectsencouragingstationeryshopstosellschoolexercisebooksmadeofrecycledpaper.

Preface

Afurtherspecialfocalpointrestsupontheincreaseincollectionamountsofrecyclingwaste

by setting up joint collection points in each part of Freiburg. Further to that, we will optimise

waste recycling by means of regional green waste recycling at the Eichelbuck disposal site

in the near future.

Asyoucansee,wastepreventionandrecyclingplacesFreiburginverygoodstead.Above

all of course, we owe this circumstance to you, an environmentally conscious citizenship.

TheexcellentworkundertakenbywastemanagementinFreiburghasprovenitselfandI

am convinced that we with the assistance of your personal engagement are able to reach

further important milestones on the road to ecological and economically sustainable waste

management.

Gerda Stuchlik

Mayor for environment,

youth and education

Table of contents1. Starting position – legal conditions 6

2. Aims of Waste Management in Freiburg 10

3. Organisation of Waste Management in Freiburg 12

4. Waste Prevention – examples of successful measures 16

4.1. Waste education – waste prevention in nursery schools and schools 17

4.1.1. ASF waste education 17

4.1.2. Work undertaken by ecostation for waste management 19

4.2. Public relations work – promotion by advertising and information 20

4.3. Refuselocksinlargehousingestates 20

4.4. New achievements – coordinated measures 21

5. Significant recycling plants –

CO2 saving/replacement of fossil fuels 22

5.1. OrganicwasterecyclingatReterraGmbHinFreiburg 23

5.2. Green waste recycling currently undertaken at Eichelbuck

disposal site to be continued in future 25

5.3. ThermalrecyclingofresidualwasteatTREA 27

6. Waste recycling – collection systems quantity 30

6.1. Recyclablematerial–recyclingquota 31

6.2. Organicwaste 32

6.3. Greenwaste 33

6.4. Paper,cardboardandpaperboard 34

6.5. Wasteglass 35

6.6. Lightweightpackaging 36

6.7. Electricalandelectronicappliance 36

6.8. Scrapiron 38

6.9. Wastewood 39

6.10. Constructionwaste 39

6.11. Extensionofrecyclablematerial–recyclingpoints 40

6.12. ComparisonofwastequantitypercapitainFreiburg,BadenWürttemberg 41

Table of contents

7. Waste disposal 42

7.1. Residualwaste 43

7.2. Bulkydomesticwaste 44

7.3. Harmfulsubstances 44

8. Eichelbuck disposal site today 46

9. Safe disposal 48

9.1. Safe disposal of waste 49

9.2. Safe disposal of waste for recycling 50

10. Co-operation with other disposal providers 52

11. Charges and costs for waste disposal 54

12. What‘s on in town today? 58

13. How to contact us 60

6

1. Starting position and legal conditions

71. Starting position-legal conditions

Starting position

Freiburg regional council has invited public waste disposal providers to update their concepts

onwastemanagement.Indoingso,wastemanagementconceptsshouldbeadaptedtothe

newdraftoftheBaden-WürttembergWasteManagementPlan–subplanforresidential

wastestatus29.04.2013.TheFreiburgwastemanagementconceptwaslastupdatedin2008.

Legal conditions

Waste Management is based on numerous guidelines, laws and regulations on a European,

federal and national level. Public disposal providers are set a legislative framework which

is completed by the creation of a waste fee and management ordinance.

EU Law

TheWaste FrameworkDirective of the European Community (guideline 2008/98EG from

19thNovember 2008 regardingwaste) sets the legal framework forwaste legislation in

memberstates.Thiscameintoeffecton12thDecember2008.Harmfuleffectsrelatingto

the production and management of waste material can be avoided or reduced under the

guidelineandreducedoveralleffectsimproveefficiencyinresourceusage.(Article1).

Significant improvements in the Waste Framework Directive were:

• Definitionofsignificantkeytermssuchaswaste,recyclinganddisposal

• Theintroductionofafivetierwastehierarchy.

1. Prevention of waste

2. Preparation for recycling

3. Recycling

4. Otheruses,forexample,energeticutilisation

5. Disposal

• Frameworkofcriteriafortermination/completionofwastecharacteristics

• Provisionsfordelimitationofwasteandby-products

• Demandfromwastepreventionprogrammes

• Self-sufficiencyofmemberstatesanddisposalofwasteatthenearestplant

• Stipulationofrecyclingrateswhichmustbeimplementedby2020:

forpaper,glass,plasticandmetal50%

fornonhazardousconstructionanddemolitionwaste70%

The priority sequence of material utilisation is clarified by means of the five tier waste

hierarchy. The Waste Framework Directive now also contains an energy efficiency formular

from which calculations can be made whether the waste can be graded for combustion in

anincineratorintheformofenergeticdisposal.Energyinput(heatvalue)isthencompared

withenergygain.AllincineratorsinBaden-Württembergoperateinaccordancewiththis

formular.

8

Federal Law

Nationwide implementation of the European Waste Framework Directive resulted from

legislation on advancement of the recycling economy and securing environmental friendly

wastedisposal(RecyclingLawKreislaufwirtschaftsgesetz–KrWG)from24thFebruary2012

whichcameintoeffecton01.06.2012.inwhichtheEUfivetierwastehierarchywasincor-

porated. The aim of this law is promotion of the recycling economy for the protection of

natural resources, safeguarding mankind and the environment in waste production and

recycling(§1KrWG).FurthertotheRecyclingLawfortheprotectionofmankindandthe

environment there are further nationwide laws and regulations with control over private

andpublicwastemanagement,forexample:

• TheElectricalandElectronicEquipmentAct

• Thelawonmovementofwaste

• Regulationonorganicwaste

• Landfill/disposalsiteregulation

• Commercialwasteordinance

• Packagingordinance

• Wastewoodordinance

National Law

TheLandesabfallgesetzofBaden-Württembergdatingbackto14thOctober2008version

(LabfG)aboveallregulatestheorganisationofwastedisposalinwhichotherwasteproduc-

ing bodies and enforcement authorities are determined and guidelines defined for com-

munal waste statutes. Moreover, it contains the obligation to compile and update waste

management concepts and the setting up of waste balance via a public disposal provider.

TheLandesabfallgesetzisstillbasedontheoldrecyclingeconomyandLandesabfallgesetz

whichiscurrentlybeingrevised.TheaimstatedinParagraph§1LabfGcomprisesfurther

development of conserving resources, a low waste recycling economy and community

friendly waste disposal.

TheMinistryfortheEnvironment,ClimateandEnergyIndustryofBaden-Württembergis

legally obliged to establish waste mamagement plans in a national perspective. The waste

management plan, subplan for residential waste is currently being updated. The draft from

29.04.2013wasreleasedforpublicinvolvementbyagreementwiththeMinisterialCouncil

on 7thMay2013. Thewastemanagementplandocuments thewastedisposalplants in

Baden-Württembergwhichoffertherequireddisposalcapacitiesforaccumulatingdispos-

able waste and relevant disposal safety.

91. starting position legal conditions

Local Law

bymeansofastatuteaccordingtolocallaw,CommunityChargesActandMunicipalCode.

Waste management frame conditions resulting in particular from the waste management

update will also be put into practice by means of the statute on waste prevention and

wastedisposalinthetowncentreofFreiburgimBreisgau(Abfallwirtschaftssatzung/waste

disposalstatute–AbfWS).Thecurrentvalidwastedisposalstatuteof03.03.2015contains

the following:

• Connectionandusagerights/obligation

• Natureofcollectionandtransport

• Provisionofwaste

• Obligatoryseparationofwasteforrecycling

• Wastedisposal

• Levyingoffees/charges

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2. The aims of waste management in Freiburg

112. Aims of waste management in Freiburg

Statistics(seechapters6and7)showafollowingphaseofsharpdeclineinresidualwaste

andasignificantriseof69%intheamountofgeneralwaste.Wastemanagementmeas-

ures today have led to a stable quantity structure and material flow in the field of waste

treatment and disposal. This good result was achieved through a differentiated and citizen

friendly waste separation and collection scheme. On the other hand, the engagement on

behalf of the citizens of Freiburg has also played a major part.

The amended law on the recycling economy and European Waste Framework Directive

confirmshowuptodatetheexistingtargethierarchyhasbeenoveralongperiodoftime

(wastepreventionpriortouseandbeforedisposal).Thewastehierarchyhasevenbeen

extendedintovariousstagesinwhichre-utilisationmeasureshavebeendifferentiatedinto

the following descending order:

1. Preparation for reutilisation

2. Recycling

3.Otheruses,forexampleenergeticuse

Therefore it is in the interest of the legislators that we innovatively continue our measures

onwasteprevention(seechapter4),tofurtherextendrecyclables(forexamplebyintroduc-

ingrecyclingpointsaroundthetown)andalsomaterialandenergeticuseofmaterialflow

with an especially increased use of green waste. These methods in waste management will

perform and contribute towards a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.

Anotherissueistosafeguardlongtermstabilityinwastedisposalchargeswhichshouldbe

attained by means of fees obtained from marketing reusable materials.

Newchallengesinwastemanagementwillalsobefacedinfuture.These,forexample,exist

in relation to demographic development, their purpose for future development in waste

volume along with recycling and disposal capacities required for the future.

The general aim as a whole is to create a stable foundation in coming to terms with future

changes in urban society bearing a balanced ecological and economical waste management

concept in mind.

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3. Organisation of waste management in Freiburg

133. Organisation of waste management Freiburg

In1999theMunicipalCouncildecidedtochangetheEigenbetriebAbfallwirtschaftandthe

publiccleansingdepartmentintoalimitedcompanyon16.06.1999.Thebackgroundtothis

decisionwaseconomicoptimisationtakingexistingstandardsandacontributiontowards

consolidationoftheurbanbudgetintoconsideration.Atthesametime,aimslikeprice

stabilityandjobsecurityforemployeeswereputintopractice.Furthermore,theexpansion

of business activity of the new company was supported in the region. One requirement for

partial privatisation was the guarantee of waste oriented control capacities and previous

ecological standards maintained by the City of Freiburg.

Amanagementframeworkprogrammeovera20yearperiodhadbeencompletedasanim-

portantstandardisingbody.Forexactcontroloverthedelegatedtasksthiswascompleted

by means of appropriate individual service contracts and a service catalogue to be updated

every 5 years. Privatisation was fulfilled by 01.01.2000.

TheCityofFreiburghascommissionedASFGmbHforwastemanagementandcleansing

services with the perception of the following tasks:

• Collectionofresidualwaste,wastepaper,organicwaste,greenwastematerial

and bulk waste

• Operation,decommissioningandaftercareofEichelbuckdisposalorratherhandlingsite

• Operationof3recyclingcentres

• Preparingcalculationofcharges,businessplansetc.

• EconomicmanagementfortheEigenbetriebAbfallwirtschaftFreiburg

• Feeassessment–assessmentofcharges

• Wasteconsulting,publicrelations

• Implementationofcleansingandwinterroadclearance

ASFseetheirentrepreneurialgoalsinthelineofgreatergeneralefficiency,economiceffi-

ciency, stronger regionalisation in synergy and rationalisation.

Asaresultthesafeguardingofjobsinanincreasinglycompetitivelycharacterisedmarket

has been facilitated.

Besides, EigenbetriebAbfallwirtschaft Freiburg (EAF)will remainasamanagementunit

betweenASFandthecityadministrationwithapredominantlyhighlevelrangeoftasks:

• Supervisionoftasksintherangeofwastemanagement

and waste management planning

• Updatingofwastemanagementconcept

• Supervisionandfulfillmentofmanagementoutlineagreement

and service level agreement

• UpdatingofservicecatalogueandcontractswithASF

• Calculationofcharges,businessplan(highlevelresponsibility)

• OwnerishighlyresponsiblefortheEichelbuckdisposalsite

• Wastemanagementstatute,conflictsandcomplaintproceedings

• Co-operationwithBreisgauwastedisposalcompany(GAB)

• Updatesofservicecontracts,votingagreementswithDSD

and other system operators.

14

On1stJanuary2002ASFhadsold47%oftheirsharestoR&MBeteiligungGmbH&Co.KG.

Partnersinthislimitedcompanyineachcase50%hada60%shareinMeierEntsorgung

GmbHandRWEUmweltSüdGmbH.On21.03.2005RWEUmweltAGwastoagreaterextent

soldtoREMONDISBeteiligungs-GmbH.AsaresultREMONDISGmbHhada23.5%shareinASF

GmbH at the time.

In February 2008Remondis tookover shares fromMeier EntsorgungGmbH. Thismakes

Remondis the solepartneras the Cityof FreiburgandASFassociatewitha47%share.

Remondis is today one of the largest private service enterprises in the water and recycling

industry worldwide and also the largest waste disposer in the republic. The urban majority

withASFremainsat53%.

TheincreasedparticipationbyRemondisof47%hashadnodirecteffectsontheEAFfrom

a waste economy point of view and the same applies to services in the waste industry and

fee payers in Freiburg. On account of participation by Remondis, Synergy effects can be

utilised by means of joint use of this large private disposal company‘s infrastructure. Waste

disposalissecuredviacontractswithASF:themanagementframeworkcontractandrele-

vant individual service contracts.

Astheservicecatalogueisupdatedeveryfiveyears,thegoodstandardofwastedisposalin

Freiburg must be born in mind.

ASF‘smunicipalprofileremainsthesameonaccountofurbanmajorityholding.

Theurbanshareofthecityisguaranteedat53%whichmeansthatthecontent-related

orientationofthewasteindustryandqualitywillremainunchanged.EAFandASFwillin

future guarantee co-operative action.

153. Organisation of waste industry in Freiburg

4. Waste prevention – Examples of successfully undertaken measures

16

174. Waste prevention – examples of successful measures

Waste prevention has always been a substantial component of an ecologically oriented

waste management concept in Freiburg. The aim towards waste prevention is undergoing

permanent development.

4.1. Waste education –

Waste prevention in schools and nurseries

Animportantstartingpointtowardsacampaignaimingatthewastemanagementconcept

is to practice a responsible attitude towards the subject of waste in good time which has

beenseensincecollectingrecyclablesbeganin1988whilstworkingwithyouthsandchil-

dren.Apositivebasisofdealingwithwasteresponsiblyiscreatedfromchildhoodonwards.

Children and young people are taught to competently prevent waste by means of separation

and careful treatment of resources.

4.1.1. Waste education in the Abfallwirtschaft und Stadtreinigung Freiburg GmbH

Due to the major significance attributed by the City of Freiburg, a female teacher working

inAbfallwirtschaftundStadtreinigungFreiburgGmbH(ASF)hasbecomeentrustedwiththe

task. The ecostation was consulted due to major demand in 1994. Since then, there has been

closeco-operationwithASF.Inthemeantime,anumberofvaluablesuccessfulmeasures

and projects have been developed in the field of waste education.

Offers for schools and nurseries

Waste consulting offers age-appropriate course units on the subjects of waste prevention,

waste separation and waste disposal. The contents are stipulated in consultation with the

teacher.Indoingso,informationonwastehistory,thebasesofcurrentwastemanagement,

the aspects of waste prevention and the recycling of materials are conveyed. On average

between20and30schoolclassesperyearareattended.Boxeswithworkingmaterialsare

lent out to secondary 1 students in support of the issue. Today there is a choice between

boxesofmaterialscalled“Wasteatnurseryschool”,“wasteatprimaryschool“,“compost

andpaper”.Furthermore,thetravellingexhibitioncalled“Theenvironmentallyfriendly

schoolbag”isofferedonparents’eveningsforprimaryclasses.

4.1. Waste education – waste prevention in schools and nurseries 17

4.2. Public Relations – promotion by advertising and information 20

4.3. Refuse locks in large housing estates 20

4.4. New achievements – established measures 21

18

Project – “Children and Agenda 21”

Sincethebeginningofthe2001/2002schoolyeartherehasbeenaprojectcalled“Children

andAgenda21”whichwasacompetitionforprimaryschoolclassesinFreiburg.Theobjec-

tive of the competition was to deepen and regenerate the concept of environment and

climate protection at primary schools in a playful manner. The project is designed to teach

environmentallyconsciousbehaviourandsocialinteractionwhichalsoexaminesconsumer

habits on their senses and uses.

Project “Waste is no refuse”

Aconceptknownas‘Wasteisnorefuse’emergedin2003inconjunctionwiththeneigh-

bouringareasofBreisgau-HochschwarzwaldandEmmendingen.Theresultofthisproject

is a guideline to waste education which all schools in the Freiburg area have incorporated

ascomponentsoftheirreferencelibraries.In2015thisguidelinewasreplacedbyinternet

basedfactualinformationquoting“Giverefuseavalue”.

Paper projects

Apromotionfortheuseofrecycledpaperinparticularforschoolsupplieshasalreadybeen

themainemphasisonwasteeducationsince2004whichsincethenhasbeenextended.

TheCityofFreiburgwasalsoengagedinthenationwidenetworkcalled“Papierwende”

or“theturningpointofpaper”.Thisledtofurtheroffersandprojectsinschools.Among

other things learning circles are there for school classes to hold discussions over the effects

ofdeforestationoftheRainForests,historyrelatedexhibitions,theconsumptionanduses

ofprimaryprimaryfibres,recyclingpaperandthearrangementofrecyclingcycles.Byco-

operation among various internal groups, pupils, teachers and parents are convinced by the

advantagesofrecycledproducts.Thefollowingcampaigninthiscontextwasstartedin2014:

Project – advertising campaign for school exercise books made of recycled paper

in stationery shops

Schoolexercisebooksareagoodexampleforactiveclimateprotection.Forschoolexercise

books made of recycled paper it is possible to get by with lower energy and water consump-

tion.Thisiswhytheyaredistinguishedwiththe“BlueAngel”award.Thepreconception

stating that recycled products are dull is also no longer applicable. Nevertheless, the na-

tionwideproportionofrecycledproductsofaround200schoolexercisebooksonlyaccounts

for5%.Thatiswhyitisespeciallyimportantthattherearestationeryshopswhichoffer

school supplies in recycling quality. To make the matter more clear, the City of Freiburg

togetherwithASFhavehadastickermadetobedisplayedinstationeryshopwindows

toadvertisewiththemottosaying“Haveyouthoughtaboutit?–Haveyoutakenpart?”

BothitemsaremadeknownandpublicisedinschoolsandontheAbfallwirtschaftund

StadtreinigungFreiburgGmbHhomepage(ASF).

194. Waste Prevention – examples of successful measures

Refuse drama

The waste management industry has been organising annual theatrical events for daycare

nurserychildrenandprimaryschoolpupilssince1999withvariedoffers(6performances

with100children).Thethemetowastepreventionandseparationisplayfullyimplemented

on stage. Performances are carried out in the Ecostation building and follow-up care of

thechildrens’groupsintheEcogardenisthentakenoverbytheEcostationteamafterthe

performance.

Further educational offers

• Lecturesonwasterelatedtopics

• ToursofASFdisposalplant

• Contactmediationonregionalexcursionspots

• Consultinginenvironmentallyeducationalquestionsinseriesoflessons

• Organisationofcampaigns(forexampleKunscht&Krempel–RecyclingCentre)

• Medialibraryonvariouswastetopicslikerecycling,recyclingeconomy,wastedisposal.

4.1.2. Ecostation duties for the waste management

OnaveragetheEcostationtakescareof60schoolclassesandgroupsofchildrenperyear

(approximately1350children).Consultationsoncompostareonoffertothegeneralpub-

licintheEcostation’sorganicgarden.Eventsforschoolclassesandgroupstakeplaceon

request. Waste Education at the Ecostation consists of a number of modules which can be

combined with each other:

Project days in the Ecostation “Inspiration rather than waste”:

Examplesforindividualtopics:Avoidrefuse–separationofwaste,cycleoforganicwaste

Project “A school exercise book on its travels”

The project is a lesson unit on handling paper.

Days of waste at schools – “low waste school”

Schools are supported in improving their collection of waste and collection of recyclables.

Rotznasentheater

20

4.2. Public Relations –

Promotion by advertising and information

ASFistherebyassignedtoinformtheCitizensofFreiburgonwastemanagementrelated

measures, regulations and backgrounds with the aim of motivation towards responsible

and environmentally conscious behaviour and to promote their interests in urban waste

management.Forthispurposeacatalogueofmeasureshasbeendevelopedforcitizens/

residents.

• Annuallyappearingwasteproductcalendar

• “GreenPages”(withanoverviewofrepairandrentalservices),

• Brochuresandleafletsonkeytopics,forexampledisposalofconstructionwaste,

advertisements, press reports,

• Events,lecturesandexhibitions

• Informationinforeignlanguages

• onlinepresence,

• ToursofdisposalplantinFreiburgand

• consultationonwastemanagementrelatedquestionsviathewasteindustry

telephone/hotline.

4.3. Refuse locks in large housing estates

Thefirstrefuselockswereinstalledin1998.Duringinterimperiodsthereare156locations

availablewhereresidentscanutilisetherefuselockstodisposeofresidualwaste.Indoing

sowiththeaidofinsertingachipintotheslot,therefuselock’sinputshaftopensandthe

15-Lbinbagcanbethrownin.Eachhousehold(dependingonthesizeofthehousehold)

makesaminimumpaymentforthrow-ins.Additionalthrow-insarecalculatedpropor-

tionally through which the refuse lock, with a minimal level of residual waste, constitutes

a cost effective waste disposal system and a firm incentive towards waste separation for

users. Due to lack of space on large housing estates, households are not able to be issued

withsinglecontainers(bins)forthedisposalofresidualwaste.Therefuselockoffersan

appropriate alternative to the large communal containers.

Over the last years, the refuse lock in the

town of Zwickau has stood the test. This

is connected to the property by means

of a casing around the 1.1 cubic me-

tre container. The mobile refuse lock

introduced in the previous waste

management concept was with-

drawn from service and is no

longer in use on account of

a high level of susceptibility

to failure.

Refuse locks in Freiburg

214. Waste Prevention – examples of successful measures

4.4. New achievements – established measures

Establishment of a gift market

The Freiburg online gift market contributes towards not throwing every day items away

prematurely,buttokeepthemincirculation.Itemslikehouseholdutensils,electricaland

electronicappliances,books,textileproductsorsportsequipmentcanbegivenawayor

exchangedviatheinternetpageunderwww.verschenkmarkt-freiburg.de.

Onaveragebetween5and30advertisementsadayarepublishedonthispage.Objects

in the furniture category and household goods soon to find a new owner are in special

demand.

Participation in Paper Atlas municipal competition

Duetotheexemplaryuseofrecycledpaper,Freiburgcityadministrationweredistinguished

bywinningthenationwidePaperAtlasmunicipalaward.Theannualrequirementliesby34

millionsheetsofpaperandin2003theCityofFreiburghadsavedaround5.6millionlitres

ofwater,1.1millionkilowattsofenergyandmorethan30,500kgofCO2.ThePaperAtlas

draws comparisons among 92 towns with regard to paper consumption and utilisation rates

of recycled paper as well as ecological savings effects.

Established measures

• Financialincentivestowardswastepreventionviathepersons

and household related charging system

• Theusedgoodsdepartmentstore/commodityexchange–everydayitems

in good condition are dispensed with at a favourable price.

• Themunicipalreusablelawfortheuseofreusablecrockery

• Theenvironmentallyfriendlyprocurementandprocurementbeings

of the municipal administration

• Promotionofreusablenappies

• Promotionofprivatecomposting

Commodity exchange St. Gabriel

22

5. Recycling facilities – CO2 savings/Replacement for fossil fuels

235. 4. Recycling plants – savings on CO2 / Replacement for fossil fuels

5.1. Organic waste – recycling in the digestion plant

at Reterra, Freiburg

Since1997,organicwastehasbeencollectedseparatelyinFreiburg,100%ofwhichissentto

theReterradigestionplantwhereitisenergeticallyandmateriallyrecycled.In2013.14,757

tonnesoforganicwastehadbeendeliveredtoFreiburg.TheDistrictBreisgau-Hochschwarz-

waldalsobringsitswastesothattheinputthenamountedtoatotalof34,000tonnes

includingfurthersmalleramounts,forexample,fromlocalbusinesses.

Organic waste recycling – process:

Organicwasteisdeliveredbycollectionvehiclesandtippedintotheso-called“Bunker”.

Subsequently, materials are prepared by sieving, magnetic separator and removal of most

impurities(removalofplasticsheetstoagreaterextent).Afterthat,thematerialgoesintoa

mixinghopper.Byaddingsteam,internalwastewaterandleaven,thecorrecttemperature

isgeneratedforthefermentationtank.Themixtureisthentransportedtothefermenta-

tion tank where micro-organisms break down the organic components to produce bio gas.

After3to4weekstheliquidresidueisdischargedanddrained(solid-liquidseparation).

Theliquidismainlyhandedovertoagricultureforuseasliquidfertilizer.In2013approxi-

mately6,000tonnesofliquidfertilizerhadbeengainedfromorganicwasteinFreiburg.

Thesolidmaterialfromthewormextruderisstrainedaftersubsequentdryinginorderto

obtain a better quality of compost. The material selected in this way consists mainly of

woodycomponentswithfewimpurities(stones,plasticremainsetc.).Thisisthenenergeti-

callyrecycledbycombustioninanexternalbiomassplant(1300tonnesfromorganicwaste

inFreiburgduring2013).Theremaining560tonnesofimpuritiesinthedeliveredorganic

wastearerecycledenergetically(combustion).Theremainingfinecompostismarketedto

interestedgardenersandagricultureformaterialutilisation.Approximately3200tonnesof

finecomposthadbeengainedfromFreiburgorganicwastein2013.

5.1. Organic waste recycling at Reterra GmbH in Freiburg 23

5.2. Green waste recycling present and future at the Eichelbuck disposal site 25

5.3. Thermal use of residual waste at TREA 27

24

Nexttomaterialrecycling,organicwasteisalsousedenergetically.Thisishowin2013atotal

of 9,900,000 kWh of electricity and 7,500,000 kWh of thermal energy could be produced

frombiogasgainedfromorganicandkitchenwastefromtheBreisgau-Hochschwarzwald

andCityofFreiburgDistrictsand43.4%oforganicwastefromFreiburg.Sincethebegin-

ningof2011almost70%ofproducedbiogaswasjoinedviaanewpipelinewithlandfill

gasfromtheEichelbuckdisposalsiteandutilisedinBadenovaBHKW(combinedheatand

powerstation)inFreiburgLandwasser.Electricityproducedthereisfedintothenational

grid and the thermal energy used completely for the supply of thermal energy to the urban

quarterofFreiburgLandwasser.

In2013,3,300householdsinFreiburgweresuppliedwithelectricityand12,000withther-

malenergy.Fromtheremaining30%ofbiogas,electricityisgeneratedandfedintothe

national grid. Furthermore, part of the thermal energy is used for the fermentation of

organic waste.

Saving on greenhouse gas emissions – Replacement for fossil fuels

Electricitygainedfromthebiogasplantis100%CO2 neutral. Therefore 1 kWh of electric-

ity corresponding to a CO2equivalentof606grammes1)and1kWhofthermalenergy261.4

grammes of CO2 2). Through the energy gained from the Reterra bio gas plant a total of

around8000tonnesofCO2wassavedin2013and3,500tonnesalonefromFreiburgorganic

waste.

ThermalenergyproducedbyReterraGmbHin2013toatotalof7.500,000kWhreplaces

around 940,000 litres of heating oil 3) Recycled organic waste from Freiburg alone replaces

410,000 litres of heating oil. Furthermore, 9,900,000 kWh of electricity produced in the

plantreplacedagasvolumeofapproximately3,000,000cbm4)1,300,000cbmofgascan

becreditedfromFreiburg.Atotalof3,940,000litresofheatingoilorrathercbmofgasare

substituted as the calorific value of 1 litre of heating oil is almost equal to 1 cbm of gas. The

Freiburg share stands at 1,710,000 litres of heating oil or gas respectively.

1) accordingto2013Germanenergymix

2) accordingto4.9mixmeanvaluegas/oil

3) Approval:0.125litreofoilarerequiredtogenerate1kWhofelectricity

4)Approval:3kWhofgasrequiredatanefficiencylevelof33%

255. Recycling plants – savings on CO2 / Replacement for fossil fuels

5.2. Green waste recycling present and future

on the Eichelbuck disposal site

Green waste recycling – present

Preparation of green waste collected in Freiburg is currently taking place on the plateau of

the former Eichelbuck disposal site. Green waste is shredded here and strained via a group

ofthreestarshapedsieves.Thefineshare(<20mm)mainlygoesforcomposting(alarger

quantityisrecultivated).Thecoarseparticles(>20toapproximately50mm),whichmakes

uparound15to20%ofthetotalamountisbroughttoenergeticrecycling.Thethirdfrag-

ment(oversizedgrains>50mm)ischopped,sievedagainandafterwardscategorisedinto

fine and coarse fragments.

Green waste recycling in the Eichelbuck disposal site in future.

Aplantformaterialandenergeticrecyclingofgreenwasteonthedisposalsiteplateauisin

planningbyASF.Thisshouldbecompletedin2017wherebypartcompostingandvegetable

carbon production should already have been commenced subject to application approval

and building plan procedure. The plant consists of the following significant buildings and

installations:

Disposal site plateau

The disposal site plateau is planned in such a way that a bathtub shape will arise. The

bathwillbesealeduptobeginwith.Asocalledfunctionallayerisappliedoverthesealing

(asphaltbuildingwithmineralbasecourselayer).Thesurfaceisdrainedviatheexisting

sewagesystem.Untilthen,theplantswillbeoperatedonaninterimbasisfromalocation

which is also attached to the north side of the plateau area.

Green waste processing

Constructions for green waste processing such as a receiving warehouse, a warehouse for

intermediary products, outbound warehouse, green waste shredders and sieving plant are

to be arranged on the surface of the disposal site plateau. Subsections of these constructions

willberoofedsubjecttouse.Asawhole,athroughputcapacityofapproximately12,000

tonnes per annum and a warehouse volume of around 2,000 cbm is intended. The entire

volume of accumulated green waste in Freiburg can thereby be handled on the disposal site.

Vegetable carbon plant

Part of the woody waste yielded from green waste is to be processed into vegetable carbon

bymeansofa thermiccarbonisationprocess. Theplant implementedbyASF isaccom-

modatedinacontainerframe(8.8*3.5*2,8m)whichincludingauxilliaryunitswillbe

erectedunderaroof(approximately10.0*20.0m).Thefumesemittedfromtheplantwillbe

discharged via a smoke stack. The throughput performance of the plant amounts to almost

1,000 tonnes per year.

26

Woodchip heating system

Afurtherelementtakenfromwoodywasteingreenwasteisusedtogeneratefluegasinthe

woodheatingsystem.Thefluegasinturnisusedtogeneratehotairviaaheatexchanging

process. Part of the already available micro gas turbines use the generated hot air in a so

calledEFGTprocess(ExternalFiredGasTurbine).1,000tonnesofwoodchipataround350kW

is processed into flue gas in the plant. The plant will be installed at the foot of the disposal

site opposite the gas utilisation facility.

Composting

HerbaciousmaterialsemergingfromgreenwastepreparationarefedtoastageIVdegree

of rotting for hygienisation of composting. This composting is carried out without housing

on the disposal site plateau and is forced ventilated under a semipermeable membrane.

The composting process is hereby significantly improved and the odour emissions are

clearlyreducedby90%.Compostingiscarriedoutoveranareaofaround1,000m2 and the

throughputoftheplantamountstoapproximately7,000tonnesperyear.

Compliance – organic waste

UponutilisationofgreenwastetheCityofFreiburgasapublicdisposalproviderisobliged

to meet the requirements of the organic waste ordinance which was reworked in 2012. The

following measures guarantee compliance with the organic waste ordinance in Freiburg:

• Citizenadviceuponcollectionandatassemblypoints.

• Regularvisualchecksongreenwasteforanypestafflictedplantspecies

and sorting prior to use

• Rentalcoverageonmembranesorratherpartialroofing

• Compostingoffineproductforfulfillmentofhygienisationobligation

Saving of greenhouse gases – replacement of fossil fuels

Electricity gained from greenwaste and organic recycling is 100% CO2 neutral. Looking

ahead,22,080,000kWhofelectricityand34,500,000kWhofthermalenergycanbegained

annually from green waste recycling at the disposal site in Eichelbuck. This results in a sav-

ing of CO2ofaround22,400tonnesperannum*fromthegeneratedenergy.

Thermalenergyofananticipated34,500,000kWhproducedinthegreenwasterecycling

plantsreplacesaround4,312,500litresofheatingoilperyear.Moreover,22,080,000kWh

ofelectricityproducedintheplantreplacesagasvolumeof6,624,000cbm*.Includedin

the sum is a substitution of around a total of 11 million litres of heating oil, or rather, gas

as the calorific values of 1 litre of heating oil is level with 1 cbm of gas.

*Calculationbasisseechapter5.1.

275. Recycling plants – savings on CO2 / Replacement for fossil fuels

5.3. Residual waste utilised thermically in TREA

Waste that cannot be utilised is removed in an environmentally friendly manner within the

region.Inviewofthestipulationsetbythelegislatorstatingthatadepositofuntreated

waste has no longer been possible since 01.06.2005, participating bodies (the Districts

Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald, Emmendingen and Ortenau) with the wastemanagement

companyGesellschaftAbfallwirtschaftBreisgaumbH(GAB)havedecidedtobuildathermic

residualwastetreatmentandenergyrecyclingplant(TREA)ontheBreisgauindustrialestate

on23.11.2000whichwentintooperationinNovember2004.Atthattime,thetenderwas

received by the bidding consortium SOTEC – today known as EEW Energy from Waste GmbH

withwhichadisposalcontractisvalidupto2030.

TREAhastheautorisationof170,000tonnesoutputofdomesticandcommercialwasteat

theirdisposal.Fromthis,wastemanagementcompanyGesellschaftAbfallwirtschaftBreis-

gaumbH(GAB)isentitledtoawastevolumecontingenttotalling76,000–143,700t/a.The

CityofFreiburgcanclaimacontingentofbetween29,600and51,400t/a.In2013,29,383

tonnes of residual and bulky waste had been delivered from private households and busi-

nesses on the industrial estate.

AccordingtothereworkedKreislaufwirtschaftsgesetz,approvedwasteincinerationplants

withanefficiencydegreeof60%will beable to retain their statusofutilisationuntil

31.12.2008.TheTREAwasteincinerationplantfulfillstheenergyefficiencycriteriaaccording

toplant2toKrWG(LetterR1withAnm.1).

Thecalorificvalueofthewastesufficestomaintaincombustionatapproximately850°C.

Four stage flue gas cleaning assures that the given limits are maintained. Filter dust results

from the residue left by flue gas cleaning which is disposed of by a salt mine in Thuringia.

28

Functions of the thermic residual waste and energy recycling plant

TREA energy balance 2014

Fromamaximumconversiontoelectricityfromwaste,95,000MWhperannumcouldbefed

intothepublicgrid.Alongsidethis,districtheatingisfedintothedistrictheatingsystemby

meansofapower-heat-couplingoperation.Itispossibletogenerateupto160,000MWh

perannumandeven65,000MWHofelectricity inaddition.Currently,71,000MWH/Aof

thermalenergyarecontractuallysecuredandsold.Furthermore,theTREABreisgauEnergy

UtilisationCompany(TREABreisgauEnergieverwertungGmbH)areatpresentconducting

promisingnegotiationswithfurtherbulkpurchasers.TREAistherebyshowingmajoren-

gagementtowardsacontinualexpansionofthepower-heat-couplingoperation.Theaim

istoapproachmaximumsalesindistrictheatoutput.

Saving of greenhouse gases – Replacement for fossil fuels

About50%ofcombustiblematerialhaveabiogenicoriginandcountasbiomass(forex-

amplepaper,wood,plantoranimalwaste).Thesematerialsdonotproduceanyadditional

CO2uponcombustion.ACO2savingof50%isobtainedfromtheuseofresidentialwasteto

generateelectricityandthermalenergycomparedtofossilfuels(coal,oil,naturalgas).Asa

result,itcanbeassumedthat1kWhofelectricityhasaCO2equivalentof303grammesand

1kWhofthermalenergy130.7grammesofCO2.Uponcompleteacceptanceofthecontractu-

allysecured71,000MWh/aofthermalenergyaround9,300tonnesofCO2couldbesaved,or

rather8,875,000litresofheatingoilreplaced.(approximately15%ofthesavingsthrough

residualandbulkwastefromprivatehouseholdsinFreiburg)*.

*Calculationbasisseechapter5.1.

FW Power

Boiler house Gas treatment

1. Delivery Delivery of waste into a fully enclosed loading bay to prevent noise and odour emissions.

2. Waste bunker A volume level of 7000 m3 facitlitates the balance of delivered fluctuating amounts, and the waste is then mixed.

3. Grate firing Thermic treatment of the waste is done by means of a water-cooled combustion grate at temperatures exceeding 850 °C.

4. Slag discharge Inert combustion residues, inert gases, rocks, glass and metal are treated as slag and processed for re-use.

5. Steam generator/Boiler Energy from hot combustion gases are used to generate steam.

6. Energy use The steam from the turbine is used to generate electricity and thermal energy to supply industries, businesses and private households.

7. Electrostatic filter A major part of dust and heavy metals are filtered here.

8. Catalytic converter Nitrogen oxide is split into environmentally neutral components such as water and nitrogen.

9. External economiser Remaining hot gases are used to pre-heat the feedwater.

10. Back circulator/fabric filterBy adding hearth furnace coke, limestone and water, gaseous chlorine compounds, heavy metals, dioxins and bonded furans in the fabric filter are discarded.

11. Flue gas scrubbersFurther chlorine compounds and heavy metals such as mercury and sulphur dioxide are rinsed out.

12. Emission monitoring stationEmission values of cleansed gases are constantly monitored and recorded. The latest values are displayed on an emissions chart in the entry area.

13. ChimneyCleansed air is led into the atmosphere.

295. Recycling plants – savings on CO2 / Replacement for fossil fuels

Utilisation of slag/clinker/bottom ash/cinders

Residuesalsoaccrueainhighlymodernwasteincinerationplant.ClinkerfromTREABreisgau

correspondstoaquarterofitsoriginalweightandapproximately1/10ofitsoriginalwaste

volume.ForutilisationpurposesthecompanySchlackeverwertungBreisgau(SVB),asubsidi-

aryofSOTECGmbHandBreisgau-Hochschwarzwald,wasfoundedin2003.

In2004SVBestablishedaslagpreparationplantontheGewerbeparkBreisgau400metres

awayfromTREAwhichsinceFebruary2005hasdividedandleduntreatedslagintomineral

based building materials, scrap iron and non-ferrous metals for general utilisation. This is

done with the aid of three sieves, a magnetic drum, two overbelt magnets and a current

flowseparator.Aftera3monthperiodofstorage,theslagwillformanenvironmentaland

structuralelementtoretainitsnecessarycharaceristicsandvalues,forexample,asasec-

ondary building material for surface sealing on disposal sites in place of natural building

materials such as shingle or gravel.

ParticipatingshareholderswithGABwillineachcasetakebackresidualwasteinpropor-

tion to the amount delivered to them for the decommissioning of their disposal sites. The

CityofFreiburghascontractuallycommitteditselftotakeback105,800tonnesofslagfor

utilisationontheEichelbuckdisposalsiteby31.12.2018.Theaimiseventoaccept155,000

tonnes until 2020.

Logistics

AlogisticsconcepthasbeenimplementedforTREAwhichwilltothegreatestpossibleextent

transfer the transport of waste to rail which above all, will disburden the adjoining com-

munities.Atthemoment45,000tonnesofdomesticandcommercialwasteisdeliveredby

railandtheCityofFreiburgdelivers100%ofitsresidualandbulkywastebyrail.

30

6. Waste recycling – collection systems and responsibility

316. Waste recovery– collection systems and volume

6.1. Reusable materials – total recycling rate

Backinthe1990s,acomprehensivewasteseparationsystemhadalreadybeenintroduced

in Freiburg in which glass, paper, organic waste, green waste, packaging waste, old clothes,

metal, electronic scrap, old wood and even batteries and bottle corks are collected sepa-

rately. On account of major engagement by the residents of Freiburg the recycling rate had

risento69%in2013.Freiburgoccupiesaleadingpositionnationwide.

6.1. Recyclable material total – recycling rate 31

6.2. Organic waste 32

6.3. Green waste 33

6.4. Paper, paper board and cardboard 34

6.5. Scrap glass 35

6.6. Light packaging 36

6.7. Electrical and electronic appliances 36

6.8. Scrap iron 38

6.9. Waste wood 39

6.10. Construction waste 39

6.11. Extension of recyclables – waste points 40

6.12. Comparison waste volume per capita Freiburg – Baden-Württemberg 41

32

6.2. Organic waste

Around180,000inhabitantsinFreiburgareconnectedtotheorganicwastebinbutdueto

lack of space or rather bad results from sorting in the old town and on some large housing

estatesithadnotbeenimplemented.Alongsideweeklyemptyingofthe140litrebin,atwice

yearly cleaning operation of the containers is part of the service which contributes towards

hygiene and much appreciated by the public.

Withacollectionamountof66kgpercapitain2013,Freiburgclearlystandsabovethena-

tionalaverageof45kgandtodayalreadyfulfillsthedraftintheBaden-WürttembergWaste

ManagementPlan(status29.04.2013)forthestipulatedtargetof60kgoforganicwasteper

residentperyearfor2020.Inordertomaintainthisgoodresult,householdsinFreiburgwill

in future be comprehensivley be connected to the organic waste bin.

t

15.000

12.000

9.000

6.000

3.000

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

10.1

82

11.2

78

11.5

99

11.8

18

12.7

73

12.6

31

13.2

83

14.1

43

13.6

98

14.2

82

14.3

49

14.7

88

15.1

68

14.7

57

Collection of recyclables from 2000 to 2013 (input quantity)

t

90.000

80.000

70.000

60.000

50.000

40.000

30.000

20.000

10.000

0

Freiburg household recycling rate from 1992 to 2013

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006* 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

25%

52 %

16.856

44.240

55.757

51.824

40.55125.420

69%

paper, scrap glass, light packaging, scrap iron, electrical and electronic appliances, wood, organic waste, green waste

residual waste, bulky waste, sorting residues

336. Waste recovery– collection systems and volume

6.3. Greenwaste

Green waste collection concept

Twomorecollectionpointshavebeenaddedtotheelevenexistingones.Since2013the

citizensofFreiburghavebeenabletotaketheirgreenwastetothefollowing13collection

points:Waltershofen,Opfingen,Tiengen,Munzingen,St.Georgen,Lehen,Hochdorf,Kap-

pel,Günterstal,Eichelbuckdisposalsite,RecyclinghofLittenweiler,RecyclinghofSt.Gabriel.

Furthermore, Christmas treesare collected in January. InMarchandNovembera street

collectiontakesplaceforthecollectionofbundledgreenwaste.Businesseshavetheop-

portunity to take their green waste to the Eichelbuck disposal site for a fee.

Locations of green waste collection points

Previous green waste collection points

New green waste collection points

Recycling points

Eichelbuck disposal site

The following amounts of green waste gathered in Freiburg during 2013:

198t Christmastrees,hedgeandtreecuttings

3745t Collectionofcuttingsfrom11collectionpoints

1.229 t Garden and park waste by self delivering deposit site

4.207 t Commercial amounts of green waste

751 t Green waste from recycling centres

386t Urbancleansing/foliageremoval

Amount for 2013 10,516 tonnes of green waste

Waltershofen Hochdorf

Lehen

Opfingen

Tiengen

Munzingen

St. Georgen

RH Süd

RH St. Gab.

RHLitt.

GünterstalKappel

Deponie

34

Low quantity of green waste in Freiburg

ThegreenwastequantityinFreiburgamountedto48kg/Eain2013.Accordingtothewaste

managementplanforBaden-Württemberg(status29.04.2013)astate-wideaverageof90

kg/Eawassetfor2020.ThestateaverageinBaden-Württembergalreadystoodat85kg/Ea

in2013.Anexplanationforthelowamountofgreenwasteisfoundinthehighproportion

ofgreenwastewhichisdisposedofintheorganicwastebinandemptiedweekly.Accord-

ingtoestimationsbyReterraGmbH,organicwastefromFreiburgcomprisesnear45%in

summer.Thisamountfoundinorganicwasteintheformofgreenwaste,forexamplein

2013,isbeingascertained:

Total volume of organic waste: 15,000 tonnes

Proportion in the summer months: 9,000 tonnes

Greenwastecontainedtherein(40–45%) 4,000tonnes

Greenwasteintheorganicwastebinperinhabitant: 18kg

Asaresultanincreaseofgreenwasteamountfrom48kg/Eto66kg/Ein2013

Therisingamountin2013resultsfromtheacceptanceofcommercialamounts.

6.4. Paper – paper board – cardboard

Since1993thegreenbinhasservedforthecollectionofpaperandcardboard.ASFprovide

140 litres and 1.1 cubic metre bins depending on the number of residents per property.

Emptying the bins is done every fortnight. The disposal costs are levied via household

charges. Tradespersons can make use of this service against separate fees or engage private

disposal providers.

Thedualsystemscarryaround17%ofutilisationcostofwastefractions

likepaper,paperboardandcardboard(PPK).Thispercentageshare

was reported through an analysis of packaging waste. The remaining

83%wasfinancedthroughthewastedisposalcharges.Paperproducts

collectedin2013–20,240tonnescorrespondtoayearlyaverageof

about93kgperresident.TheaveragefortheStateofBaden-Würt-

temberglayat83kgperresidentin2013.

t

10.000

8.000

6.000

4.000

2.000

0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

8.5

73

9.1

59

7.4

88

7.7

42

10.5

16

7.4

88

Collection amount for green waste from 2008 to 2013

356. Waste recovery– collection systems and volume

Wastepaper fromFreiburg’sgreenbins is currently transported tocartonmanufacturer

Mayr-Meinhof in Gernsbach on the Northern-Baden Rhine plain. The factory annually

produces260,000tonnesofcardboardwhichtoagreaterextentisprocessedintofolding

cartons.

6.5. Used glass

Separated glass collection has been well accepted for years by Freiburg citizens on account

ofthedensecontainernetwork.In2013atotalofaround300standswithabout1,000single

sound proofed containers were provided for the disposal of old glass. The collected old glass

in3colourcategories(whitebrownandgreen)istransportedtotherecyclerafterweighing.

The dual systems responsible for old glass recycling publicly write out the collection and

sorting of old glass.

In2013atotalof6,353tonnesofoldglasswascollectedcorrespondingto29kgperresident.

TheaverageforBaden-Württembergstoodat26kgofoldglassperresident.

t

25.000

20.000

15.000

10.000

5.000

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

20.7

75

19.8

79

18.8

38

17.2

93

17.6

92

17.7

13

18.9

33

18.9

14

19.9

56

20.1

95

20.5

48

20.4

04

20.2

40

18.2

77

Collection of recyclables paper, paper board and cardboard from 2000 to 2013

t

10.000

8.000

6.000

4.000

2.000

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

7.4

82

7.3

20

7.2

97

6.8

20

6.2

76

6.4

96

6.3

36

6.3

47

6.2

82

6.3

04

6.3

50

6.3

30

6.3

53

6.2

18

Old glass collection from 2000 to 2013 in 2013

282 t brown glass

2.903 t white glass

3.168 t green glass

2013

36

6.6. Light packaging

TheyellowbinintroducedtoFreiburgin1993tocollectlightpackagingofmetal,plasticand

composite material was replaced by yellow bin bags in 1997. Households in Freiburg have

the facility for collection of full yellow bags placed in front of their house doors every 14 days.

Manufacturers and distributors of packaging are obliged to take back accumulated packages

for renewed usage or to supply them for energetic recycling. To organise, maintain, sort and

utilisethiscollectioncomprehensively,theDualSystemDeutschland(DSD)wasfoundedin

the form of a public limited company for trade and industry. For a long time DSD has had a

monopoly status. Nowadays there is a total of 10 systems analysists who share this task. The

system is not financed by the waste disposal charges but via licence fees from the packag-

ing manufacturers. Finally, the consumer bears the costs for the system from the purchase

of packaged products.

In2013atotalof5,241tonnesoflightpackagingwascollectedwhichcorrespondsto24kg

per resident.

6.7. Old electrical and electronic appliances

Citizens of Freiburg can have their old electrical and electronic appliances picked up during

bulk waste collection or they may bring them to the one of the three recycling centres. The

old appliances are gathered there in containers which correspond to five collection groups

under the electrical appliance law. From there on, they are brought to the transfer point of

thefoundationStiftungElektro-Altgeräte-Register(EAR)attheSt.Gabrielrecyclingcentre.

Collection and recycling of gathered electrical and electronic appliances lies in the respon-

sibility of the foundation.

t

5.000

4.000

3.000

2.000

1.000

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

3.1

40

3.2

49

4.2

77

4.2

69

5.1

87

5.0

68

5.3

62

4.9

70

5.0

56

4.9

97

4.8

68

5.0

69

5.1

41

5.2

41

Collection of recyclables, yellow bin bag 2000 to 2013 (input amount as from 2004)

376. Waste recycling – collection systems and accumulation

Small electrical appliances may also be brought to a recycling point in any part of town.

Monitors or flat screens cannot be thrown in there because they can easily shatter, but for

mobilephones,DVDplayersorprinterstherecyclingpointscan,forinstance,offeracom-

fortable disposal system.

Collectiongroups1,3and5(whitegoods,office,informationandcommunicationappli-

ances,smallelectricalandelectronicappliances)areindependentlymarketed.Thedecision

over independent marketing is checked regularly and newly targeted according to economic

criteria. The proceeds from this permissable market lead to a relief in the budget covered by

charges. With all the current possibilities including bring and collection systems to facilitate

the comfortable disposal of old electric and electronic appliances, the collected amount for

2013stoodat7.8kg/Ea(Nationalaveragefor2013:7.6kg/Ea).Accordingtothedraftofthe

wastemanagementplanforBaden-Württembergonresidentialwaste(status29.04.2013)

the aim of the collected amount of old electronic and electric appliances is targeted at 12

kg/Eauntil2016and17kg/Eauntil2019.AnincreaseinthecollectiveamountinFreiburgis

stilltobeexpectedbymeansofthenewlyarrangedrecyclingpoints.

ItcanfundamentallybeassumedthattheFreiburgcollectionquotaisnotcomplete,reason

being that regular thefts of large electrical appliances in bulk waste collections cannot be

prevented. Furthermore, a number of old electronic and electrical appliances have mean-

while been taken back by the large retail stores like Saturn and Mediamarkt and then passed

ontotheEARfoundationswhichisnottobeunderestimated.Theseamountswhichcannot

beallocatedtoindividualtownsaccordingtoinformationbytheEARfoundationsarelosses

to the Freiburg collection amount.

t

1.000

800

600

400

200

0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Collection amounts for electric and electronic appliances

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Largehouseholdappliances 528t 579t 485t 419t 416t 429t

Refrigerators 285t 319t 301t 267t 279t 260t

Office and communication 835t 984t 920t 812t 761t 734t

Fluorescent tubes 11t 9t 10t 12t 12t 13t

Smallelectric/electronicappliances 273t 289t 362t 334t 272t 266t

TOTAL 1932 t 2180 t 2078 t 1844 t 1740 t 1702 t

38

6.8. Scrap iron

977tonnesofscrapmetal(excludingunbrandedproducts)wasgatheredinbulkwastecol-

lectionsin2013.Theproceedsachievedfromsalesdisburdenthebudgetandalsothefee

payerdirectly.Asmarketingpricesforsteelandothermetalshaveclearlyrisenduetostrong

demand, the marketing of scrap metal has developed into a relevant source of income over

thelastyears.In2013theproceedslaybyaround100to150EURpertonne.Asawhole,the

amounts of scrap metal per capita in Freiburg of 5.2 kg were clearly lower than the national

averageof9.7kg/Eain2013(seechapter6.12.).Aswithelectricalappliances,thisisdueto

the fact that the disposal of scrap iron facilitates access to private scrap iron via private or

commercial collectors. Scrap iron can only be delivered to the recycling centres in the sur-

roundingarea.Thisindeedleadstohighercollectionamountsthoughattheexpenseof

the service for the citizens.

6.9. Waste wood

Wood which has not been treated with preservatives can be taken to bulky waste. Waste

wood is thereby loaded onto a press truck and transported to Remondis where is sorted and

recycled.Untreated,varnishedorlayeredwoodencomponentsareacceptedatanyofthe

threerecyclingcentreswhereoldwoodissortedintountreatedwood(pollutantclassAI)

andtreatedwood(pollutantclassAIIand-IIIwithnoassumeddangertotheenvironment)

accordingtotheWasteWoodOrdinance.PollutantclassI-IIIwoodencomponentsare,for

example,recycledintochipboard(materialrecycling)orburnt(energeticrecycling).ClassA

IVwastewood(forexample,palisadestreatedwithpreservatives)isacceptedagainstcharge

only at the St. Gabriel recycling centre and handling site and from there on passed on for

hazardous waste incineration.

In2013,2,977tonnesofwastewood(withoutAIV)hadbeencollected.Thiscorrespondsto

13.6kgperresident.

t

1500

1200

900

600

300

0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

1.1

98

1.1

46

1.1

33

1.2

15

1.2

39

1.2

46

Collection amounts of scrap metal from 2008 to 2013

396. Waste recycling – collection systems and accumulation

6.10. Construction waste

Citizens of Freiburg can take their recyclable and non-recyclable waste to the recycling

centres at the Eichelbuck disposal site. Disposal of 50 litres of recyclable construction

wasteisdeductedviathewastedisposalcharges.Thefeesforexcessamountsordelivery

of non-recyclable construction waste are charged according to the maintenance charges.

Asawhole,deliveredamountsofrecyclableandnon-recyclableconstructionwastearein

steep decline.

Recyclable building waste is taken from collection points to the recovery plant and non recy-

clable construction waste is partially passed on to the Merdingen disposal site via the han-

dlingsiteatEichelbuck.AsbestosandmineralfibresgotothedisposalsiteinKahlenberg.

Duetotheco-operationagreementof16.12.1993.,theBreisgauDistrictholdsresponsibility

fordisposalofnon-recyclablemineralbasedandasbestoswasteuntil2030.

6.11. Extension of recyclables – waste points

AreviewinFreiburgledtoadecisionastowhetheran“extendedreusablematerialsack”

shouldbeintroduced.Accordingtourbanspecificevaluationanddiscussionswithsystem

operators, this would lead to significant additional costs. Due to the incurred costs and lack

of influence over the recycling network and quality (these would lie in a negotiable draft

regardingthecompetenceofthedualsystems)theextendedreusablesackhadnotbeen

introduced.

The system of a recycling bin corresponds to that of the recycling sack. Households in

Freiburg already own three different types of bins. The introduction of a fourth bin is not

recommendableduetolackofspaceandeventualincorrectsorting/throwing.

Due to the current remarkably low amount of residual waste per capita and the already

high recycling rate it is unassumable that considerable amounts of recyclable material can

beexploitedfromresidualwasteinFreiburgasthecostswouldjustifyaseparaterecycling

bin(between2.5to4.5kg/EW/aareestimated).Inthemeantime,experiencegatheredfrom

pilot projects in other communities confirmed that the introduction of a recycle bin would

leadtoextracosts.RecyclingpointshavebeenarrangedineverypartofFreiburgtostillbe

able to achieve the waste mangement objectives and best possibly attain a separate col-

lection of recylables.

40

Recycling points

ThefirstrecyclingpointsweresetupinFreiburgin2013.Meanwhile,thereareinall26

recycling points in every part of town. The new recycling containers are uniformly painted,

soundproofed and placed in central easy to reach locations or in superstore car parks.

These recycling points offer Freiburg citizens the facility to locally dispose of waste glass,

old clothes and electrical appliances in the respective containers. Even scrap metal contain-

ers are available in some locations. Collection amounts with regard to the short time after

set-uparesatisfactoryaccordingtoexperiencesreportedbyASF.ASFassumethatthrowing

wasteintothewrongbinswillrecedefurtherafteralearningprocess.In2014,205tonnesof

old clothing, 52 tonnes of electrical waste and 1.5 tonnes of scrap metal had been disposed

of in the recycling points.

Locations of recycling points in Freiburg

313

5

WEST

NORD

OST

WIEHRE

BRÜHL

HASLACH

SANKT GEORGEN

MERZHAUSEN

RIESELFELDWEINGARTEN

BETZENHAUSEN

LANDWASSER

LEHEN

HERDERN

OBERAU

ZÄHRINGEN

416. Waste recycling – collection systems and accumulation

6.12. Comparison – waste volume per capita

Freiburg – Baden-Württemberg

(FigurestakenfromBaden-Württembergwastebalance)

Waste for valuation per resident Freiburg 2013 Baden-Württemberg 2013

Organicwaste 66kg 45kg

Greenwaste 48kg 85kg

LVP 24kg 27kg

PPK 93kg 83kg

Glass 29kg 26kg

Metal 5,2 kg 9,7 kg

Plastic 2,2 kg 7,9 kg

Oldelectronic&electricappliances 7,8kg 7,6kg

Total waste for valuation 277,2 kg 291,2 kg

AbfallzurBeseitigungproEw.

Residualwaste 94kg 123kg

Bulkywaste 18kg 21kg

Total waste for disposal 112 kg 144 kg

Total waste 389,2 kg 435,2 kg

42

7. Waste disposal

437. Waste removal

7.1. Residual waste

Every household in Freiburg has a granted right to vote in the Waste Management Ordinance

with regard to container size for residual waste and collection intervals.

Thiscanbedeterminedoneitheraweeklyorfortnightlybasis.Beyondthat,additional

accumulated residual waste can be disposed of in red bin bags available at retail outlets.

Wheeliebinsintroducedin2000areavailablein35-.60-,and240-,litreversions.770or

rather 1,100 litre refuse containers for households solely on large housing estates have been

retained.Anincreasingportionofthesecontainerswillbesuccessivelyreplacedbyrefuse

locks.Bymeansofthisprocess,wasteonhousingestatesmayalsobecalculatedaccording

to user related charges. To reduce container charges, it is possible for households to form a

disposal collective for joint use of the residual waste containers.

Thesuccessesofmaterialrecyclingareexpressedbyacontinuallyrisingrecyclingratewhich

reachedaremarkablyhighlevelof69%in2013.Atthesametime,thispositivedevelop-

ment led to a steady reduction in residual waste. This had most significantly fallen from 154

kg to 100 kg per resident from 2000 to 2007. The amount of residual waste has stagnated

atalowlevelforfiveyears.In2013atotalof20,637tonnesofresidualwastewascollected

whichcorrespondsto94kgperresident.TheBaden-Württembergaveragestoodat123kg

ofresidualwasteperresidentin2013.

7.1. Residual waste 27

7.2. Bulk waste 28

7.3. Pollutants 28

kg

150

100

50

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

154

144

132

122

114

109

104

100

98

97

96

93

90 94

Residual waste collection – grey bin from 2000 to 2013 per capita

44

7.2. Bulk waste

Every household in Freiburg pays for a total of 4 cbm of bulk waste per annum via the house-

hold budget. This can be collected or brought to the disposal site Eichelbuck in line with

bulkwastecollection.Theamountofcollectedbulkwaste(excludingwood,electricaland

metal)takenfromcommunalcollectionandacceptedatrecyclingcentresandfromprivate

deliveriestothewastedisposalsitestoodat3,613tonneswhichcorrespondstoafigureof

23.5kgperresident.Thisstandsalittleabovethenationalaverageat20.1kg/Ea.Second-

ary raw material recovery is attained in Freiburg in which three vehicles are commissioned

for the collection and separate removal of bulk waste such as wood, metal, old electrical

appliances and other forms of bulk waste.

7.3. Pollutants

Environment and health endangering pollutants from Freiburg households are taken at

threemunicipalrecyclingstations.Additionally,theASFMobileHazardousWasteUnitdrives

to all parts of Freiburg twice a year. Mobile pollutant collection offers the elderly without

transport the facility to dispose of pollutants from the household via the shortest way.

Primarily paints, varnishes, and also cleaning materials, batteries and pharmaceuticals

arerendered.Thecollectionofharmfulsubstanceswasusedby54,265peoplein2013and

278tonnesofpollutantsfrommobileandstationaryacceptancewereinallallocatedto

recycling and disposal. Commercial enterprises can also take pollutants to the St. Gabriel

recycling centre. The pollutants are classified, declared and weighed. Disposal here is,

however, subject to charge.

Pollutants from the communal pollutant collection and recycling centres are brought to the

interimwarehouseatRemondisunderASFapprovedcollectionanddisposalcertification,

andpartiallyconveyedtorecycling/reutilisation.Spraycansareconveyedtoaluminiumand

tinsheetrecyclingaftervacuumingofpropellant.Leadbatteriesarerecycledupto100%.

Paints and varnishes can, depending on the contents, be used thermically as a substitute

fuel in cement factories as well as absorption and filter materials.

457. Waste disposal

LaboratorychemicalsandpesticidesarerecycledviatheHIMGmbHcompany.Disposalof

electrical and electronic appliances is regulated under the Elektrogesetz and is implemented

bytheEARfoundation(Elektro-Altgeräte-Register).

t

300

250

200

150

100

50

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

188

175 2

14

221 246

255

254

251

270

273

276

286

292

278

Pollutant collection 2000 to 2013

46

8. Eichelbuck disposal site today

478. Eichelbuck deposit site today

Decommissioning of Eichelbuck disposal site (2007 to 2020)

Since2008,theuppersurfaceoftheEichelbuckdisposalsitewassealedupinsections(total

area–210,000m²).Constructionstage2ofthesurfacesealing(46,000m²)wascompleted

ashorttimeagoandtheprocurementprocedureforthethirdconstructionphaze(66,000

m²)hasmeanwhilebeencompleted.UponsealingtheEichelbuckdisposalsite,asealing

systembasedonpreparedwasteincinerationslagTREAmin®mixedwithclayfromthe

AlsaceRegionhadbeenapplied.WastematerialinFreiburgisusedtopermanentlycover

depositedwastebymeansofthisinnovativeandenvironmentfriendlysolution.Intheme-

antime, 125,000 tonnes of prepared waste incinerated slag has been commissioned on the

east/westaccessroadsalongwithsupportandbaselayermaterialinconstructionphazes1

and2(targetuntil2020:acceptanceof155,000tonnesofslag).

Aftercare, Eichelbuck disposal site (2020 to 2050)

Theset-updecisionforthe“Eichelbuck”developmentplanwastakenholdofin2011.By

fixingaphotovoltaicplantinthepartialdevelopmentplan“Eichelbuck”,ASFSolarGmbH

&Co.KGwereabletoinstallaphotovoltaicplantonthesouthernpartoftheplanareain

2012. The intended construction of an infopavillion on the disposal site plateau for use as

an information and further education centre had in the meantime also been turned into

reality.In2015,anadventurepathwithvariousstationswassetupoverwhichconducted

toursforvisitorscanbefacilitatedtothedisposalsiteontotheplatformonfoot.Anoverall

utilisation concept for the Eichelbuck disposal site was created in 2014 and the energy con-

cept had been introduced to the environment and construction committee in the same year.

Thisalreadycomprisestheexistingplantsaswellastheconstructionofnewplantsforthe

creationofregenerativeenergyfromgreenwastefollowingthedecomissioningphaze.At

the moment, participation by the public and authorities is taking place under this concept.

Furthermore,anInitialEnvironmentalEvaluationisbeingcarriedout.

Green waste recycling on the Eichelbuck disposal site

Part of the 2014 energy concept is the construction of further plants for material and en-

ergeticrecyclingofbiogenicwasteonthedisposalsiteplateaubyASF.Infuture,Freiburg

greenwasteisherebyutilisedlocallyandenergeticallyrecycled.Inall,itisassumedthat

bymeansofthenewrecyclingplants22,080,000kWhofelectricityand34,500,000kWh

of thermal energy per year can be generated through which a total of around 11 million

litresofheatingoilorgascanbesustituted(seechapter5.2forcalculations).Greenwaste

recycling in planning will in the long term also facilitate a replacement for the declining

disposal site gas.

Declining disposal site gas

AnewpipeworkarrangementwasbuiltthroughwhichbiogasfromReterraFreiburgGmbH

and deposit site gas from Eichelbuck deposit site is brought together. Since the beginning

of2011,70%ofthebiogasfromReterraFreiburgGmbHcomplementsthedecliningdeposit

sitegasinordertocontinuegeneratingelectricityandheatingatBHKWofBadenovain

FreiburgLandwasserforthelocalinhabitants.Thisenergyfacilitatedtheprovisionof3,300

Freiburghomeswithelectricityand12,000homeswiththermalenergy/heatingon2013.

9. Safe disposal

48

9.1. Disposal safety for waste disposal

Residual waste

AnagreementwasmadebetweentheDistrictBreisgau-HochschwarzwaldandtheCityof

Freiburgon16.12.1993inwhichthedistrictcommitteditselftoprovidesystemstosafe-

guardresidualwastedisposalforthenext25yearsasfrom01.06.2015.Inreturn,theCityof

FreiburgauthorisedtheDistricttodeposititswastefromthewestsideontotheextended

Eichelbuck disposal site until 2005.

TheDistrictBreisgau-HochschwarzwaldfoundedtheGesellschaftAbfallwirtschaftBreisgau

(GAB)in1998whichnexttotheUrbanDistrictofFreiburgbecameconnectedtotheEm-

mendingenandOrtenauDistrictsviaKahlenbergWasteTreatmentandWasteAssociation

(ZAK).GABdecidedonaEuropewidecallinvitationtotenderfortheconstructionofawaste

incinerationplantontheGewerbeparkBreisgauon23.11.2000.TheTREAresidualwasteand

energy processing plant, in operation since 09.11.2004, forms the basis of safe disposal of

urban waste. The plant is in a position to annually treat 170,000 tonnes of domestic and

commercialwaste.Ineachcase,acontingenttothisdisposalcapacityhasbeencontractu-

allyreservedfortheCityofFreiburgandZAKunderdefinedpriceconditions.

•CityofFreiburg 29,600–51,400tonnesp.a.

•DistrictBreisgau-Hochschwarzwald 26,500–52,200tonnesp.a.

•ZweckverbandAbfallbehandlungKahlenberg 20,000–40,000tonnesp.a.

AlmostalltheTREAincinerationcapacityforthedisposalofresidualandbulkwasteishere-

bytiedtotheassociatesinvolvedwithGAB.Thisbondhasbeensecureduntil31.05.2030by

thecontractualperiodinthedisposalcontract.Uponjudgingthequestiononwhetherthe

combustion capacity will suffice for the future implies that waste amounts of past years may

beraised.Thegraphonamountingresidualwaste(seechapter7.1)showsthattheamount

of residual waste has evened out to today‘s level. The waste separation system in Freiburg

(organicwaste,paperbinandrecyclingcentres)hascometogetherandprovenitselfandan

increaseinwastefordisposalwouldonlybeexpectedfromasignificantriseinpopulation.

Freiburgdeliveredabout29,400tonnesofresidualandbulkwastein2013.Thusitcanbe

assumed that the City of Freiburg‘s contingent will cover the amounts of waste for disposal

byTREA inyears tocome.Takingcommercialwaste intospecial consideration,disposal

safetyforunexpectedincreasedamountsisthensecuredbymeansofthedisposalcontract

shouldtheagreedquantitylevelbeexceeded.

499. Safe disposal

9.1. Disposal safety for waste disposal 49

9.2. Disposal safety for waste utilisation 50

Mineral and asbestos waste for disposal

Goingbacktotheagreementof16.12.1993,theDistrictBreisgau-Hochschwarzwaldwillon

01.06.2015takeoverresponsibilityforthedisposalofnon-recyclablemineralandasbestos

containingwasteuptotheyear2030.Initiallythiswastewastakentothedisposalsitefor

residual construction waste in Merdingen which nowadays offers insufficient filling capa-

city.AccordingtoanagreementbetweentheDistrictandWasteDisposalAssociation,waste

treatmentKahlenberg(ZweckverbandAbfallbehandlungKahlenberg(ZAK),pollutedwaste

hasbeentakentotheKahlenbergdisposalsitesince2006.Unpollutedwastewillcontinue

go to Merdingen.

9.2. Safe disposal of waste for recycling

Organic waste

Organic waste has been taken to the Reterra Freiburg GmbH digesting plant on the Freiburg-

Nord industrialestateandprocessed intocompost since 1999 (seechapter6.2).At that

time, it was contractually agreed that Reterra would take on accumulating organic waste

oftheDistrictBreisgau-HochschwarzwaldandCityofFreiburgDistrictregionalauthorities

over a 20 year period up to 2019. The digestion plant was constructed to an annual recy-

clingcapacityof36,000tonnes.Thedistrictdeliveredaround16,500tonnesandtheCityof

Freiburgaround14,800tonnesoforganicwastetotheReterraGmbHcompanyinFreiburg

totallingto31,300tonnes.Organicwasteaccumulationhadevenedouttothislevel.Inthe

event of arising long term higher amounts, the capacity reserve of 4,700 tonnes from the

DistrictBreisgau-HochschwarzwaldandtheCityofFreiburgcanbeusedinpriorityover

otherdeliverers.Thismeansthatsafedisposalisgivenforthenext4yearsinspiteofrising

amounts of organic waste.

50

Green waste

The operating period of the planned green waste recycling plants on the Eichelbuck site

is unlimited. They have sufficient capacity for the treatment of accumulating green waste

underformerconditionsinFreiburg.TherecyclingplantsarethepropertyofASF.

Paper, paper board and cardboard

Thepublicdisposalprovideristothegreaterextenthighlyresponsibleforamountsofpaper,

paperboardandcardboard(PPK).Besides,dualsystemsinGermanyareresponsiblefor

therecyclingofpackagingmadefrompaper,paperboardandcardboard(PPK).Duetoan

analysisonpackagingwastetheseresultto17%oftheentireamountofpaper,paperboard

andcardboard(PPK).ASFarecommissionedtoundertakethetasksofcollection,sorting,

recycling and disposal of the remaining amounts of paper, paper board and cardboard un-

dertheMasterAgreementuntil2019.Collectiontakesplacebymeansofnearbypaperbins

and the three recycling centres.

Light packaging and waste glass

The public disposal provider is fundamentally responsible for household waste. The respon-

sibilityforpackagingwaste(lightpackaging,wasteglassandpaperpackaging)hasbeen

conveyed to the dual systems nationwide which implies that the public disposal provider

bears no responsibility for disposal.

519. Safe disposal

52

10. Co-operation with other disposal carriers

The demands on waste disposal in the preceding years have been increasingly tightened

according to changes in the law. The most serious issue was the decision to no longer permit

wastedisposalwithoutpretreatment.Inordertomeettheserequirementsitwaseconomi-

cally and ecologically sensible to co-operate with neighbouring disposal providers. For this

reason,theDistrictBreisgau-HochschwarzwaldandtheCityofFreiburgreachedanagree-

mentonco-operationinWasteManagementbackin1993.Theagreementwasadaptedin

the year 2000 and implemented in various sectors:

The most important joint project was and still is the securing of remaining waste disposal.

TheagreementmetbetweentheCityandDistrictin1993andthepubliccontractfromthe

year 2000 states that the City had issued the right to deposit its waste from communities

WestoftheRhineValleyontotheEichelbuckdisposalsiteuntil2005.Inreturn,theDistrict

willbearresponsibilityfordisposalofthetown‘sresidualwasteoverthenext25yearsas

from 1st June 2005. The district was thereby obliged to seek a location for a waste incine-

rationplantwhichtheCitywouldbeabletousefrom2005to2030.Thebackgroundtothis

provision was the requirement set by the legislator saying that depositing untreated waste

wouldnolongerbepossibleasfrom01.06.2005.ThatiswhytheEichelbuckdepositsite

wasclosedthatyear.Inordertokeepupwithcontractualobligations,theDistrictBreisgau-

HochschwarzwaldfoundedtheGesellschaftAbfallwirtschaftBreisgaumbH(GAB) in 1998

whichnexttotheMunicipalityofFreiburgwasalsojoinedbytheAdministrationUnionof

WasteTreatmentKahlenberg(EmmendingenandOrtenauDistricts).Theshareratiosofco-

shareholdersinGABare50.1%fortheDistrict,29.8%fortheCityofFreiburg(fromthese2%

forASFand20.1%fortheZweckverbandAbfallbehandlungKahlenberg(ZAK).

TheCityofFreiburghadalsoco-operatedwiththeDistrictBreisgau-Hochschwarzwaldfor

the recycling of organic waste. Recycling of organic waste was commonly already tendered

throughoutEuropein1997.Asaresult,acontractwasmadewiththeregionalenterprise

Meier-Entsorgung(MeierDisposal)fromBad-Krozingenonplanning,financing,construc-

tion and operation of a recycling plant in Freiburg-Nord. The contract stipulates that the

digestion plant should process accumulating organic waste into compost over a 20 year

period.

Forthedisposalofnon-recyclableconstruction,wasteaswellascontaminatedexcavated

soil and rubble, the District set up the building waste disposal site at Merdingen in 1991.

From 2005 onwards, the District committed itself to dispose of asbestos containing waste on

requestduetoanagreementmadein1993andthepubliccontractwiththeCityofFreiburg

from18.12.2000asdisposalofbuildingmaterialswasnolongerpossibleduetoclosureof

the Eichelbuck disposal site.

5310. Co-operation with other disposal providers

Freiburg i. Br.

Gewerbepark Breisgau

Breisach

Emmendingen

Waldkirch

54

11. Costs and charges for waste disposal

11.1 Waste Disposal Costs

Inthelatestcalculation,theFreiburgwasteindustryassumesanannualrequirementof

feestothesumof20.5millionEURfor2014/2015.Thisfeesneedsassessmentunderliesthe

results of the 2012 economic year and the target figures from updated economic plans for

2013/2014includingtheforecastfiguresforthemediumtermfinancialplan.

Reserves were set aside for the decommissioning and aftercare of the Eichelbuck disposal

site. The assigned Roth Engineering Office has newly calculated the provisioning requi-

rements on 01.01.2014 by means of the procurement procedure on the third construction

phase taking price increases and corresponding interest rates into consideration. After

that,thereisaprovisioningrequirementtothesumof28millionEUR.Accrualsamounted

to26.1millionEURon01.01.2014.Byproceedstakenfromrecyclingmaterialsandinterest,

the mathematical funding gap is, having said this, prospectively compensated so that as

from today it can be assumed that the accruals will suffice to the end of aftercare in 2050.

11.2. The Freiburg Refuse Charging System

For a long time, Freiburg has expressed itself as one of the few towns in favour of a

household related charging system. This means that each household is entitled to a residual

waste container related to the size of the household. The aim of entitling residents to a

usage and demand oriented choice on container size and weekly or fortnightly collection

was a deciding factor behind this charging system. Each resident in Freiburg has a direct

influence on waste disposal charges by means of waste prevention and careful waste se-

paration.Thisfreedomofchoiceisonlylimitedtostipulationonaminimumvolume.After

that, a weekly residual waste minimum of 5 litres per week per person must currently be

registered for disposal.

Besides,thereisthepossibilityformorehouseholdstojointogethertoformawastedis-

posalcollectiveandsharethecontainercharges.Aweeklyminimumvolumeof5litresper

person must also be taken into consideration.

Refuse locks can be used to collect the waste individually and responsibly on large housing

estates where single containers for each household cannot be placed due to lack of space.

5511. Costs and charges for waste disposal

11.1. The costs of waste disposal 55

11.2. The Freiburg waste disposal charging system 55

1%pollutant

2%paper

5%bulkwasteremoval

7%greenwaste

14%recyclingcentres

24%organicwaste

47%residualwaste

What is paid by the waste disposal charge?

Asarule,wastedisposalchargesinFreiburgarerecalculatedevery2years.Accordingto

theWasteManagementOrdinanceoftheCityofFreiburgdated03.03.2015., (AbfwS)the

user charges for the disposal of waste from private households are based on the number of

peopleinthehousehold(householdcharge),volumeoftheresidualwastecontainerinuse

andcollectionfrequency(containercharge).

The household charge is among other raised by

• collection,transportanduse/disposal

- paperandcardboard(collectionevery14days)

- organicwaste(weeklycollection)

- bulk waste upon request

- greenwasteandChristmastrees(twiceayearperdistrict)

- collectionofpollutant(twiceayearperdistrict),

• cleaningoforganicwastebins(twiceayear)

• servicesprovidedbyrecyclingcentresincludingtheacceptanceofpollutants.

The container charge is raised by

• collection,transportanddisposalofresidualwaste

subject to container size and regular collections.

56

Acomparisonbetweenthechargesraisedbyindividualtownsanddistrictsishardlypossible

due to the various charging systems. The level of charges depends purely on the comfort

oftherespectivesystem.Nexttodisposalofresidualwaste,thechargescoveramultitude

of services as today‘s waste management industry is a highly sophisticated service. The

necessary high technical standards and pricing thereby contribute to the welfare of the

community.

The waste management services in Freiburg show a broad and overall above average

comfortableoffer.Forexample,theorganicwastebinisemptiedweeklythroughoutthe

year which from a hygienic point of view is a valuable service. Twice yearly cleaning of the

organicwastebinsisofvaluablesignificanceinthiscontext.Thegreenandbulkwaste

collection is offered here in a collect and return system.

Incontrasttomostothercommunities,everyrecyclingpointinFreiburgacceptsallfractions

aswellaspollutantswithoutextracharges.Wastecontainersfororganicandresidualwaste

are made available to residents free of charge. Only one service charge is made for changing

thecontainer/bin.Onecontributiontowastesavingisalsotheofferofalocallyfinanced

bulkwasteexchangeandmart.Inshort,allaforementionedservicesarerenderedwithout

raisinganyextracharges.

5711. Costs and charges of waste disposal

12. “What‘s on in town at the moment?”…

58

Introduction of waste points

ThefirstwastepointinFreiburgwasarrangedin2013.Meanwhile,theyareavailableat26

locationsaroundthetown.Bymeansofthewastepoints,residentsofFreiburgarenow

offered the facility to locally dispose of waste glass, old clothes and electrical appliances

into the respective containers. Scrap metal containers are also placed at some locations. The

aim of this measure on the one hand is to collect more reusable materials, and on the other

handtopromotefurtherwasteseparation.Thewastepointsmaybeexpandeddepending

on the success of this measure.

“Lid to the campaign”

Withthe“closedlidcampaign”FreiburgWasteManagementwantstosensitiseresidents

and businesses into user related financing of residual waste removal.

Overfilled waste containers furthermore disrupt the image of the town leading to un-

pleasant odours and more difficult working conditions for the refuse collection operators.

Anappropriatecampaignhasbeenpreparedandwillbecarriedoutin2015.

Ident system

ASFhavehadallresidual,organicwasteandgreenbinsequippedwithachipin2014which

is electronically read upon emptying at the dustcart. The container identification system

facilitates the allocation of the around 100,000 refuse bins in Freiburg to their respective

households or property to optimise the logistics of waste disposal.

Full service

Afullserviceisexpectedtobearrangedinordertomeettheneedsofdemographicchange.

The containers are thereby collected from their location and returned by personnel mem-

bers of the collection vehicle. This is an additional service which residents can make use of

againstanextracharge.

Promotion of waste preventing behaviour

ThewastemanagementteacheratASF,commissionedbythecityregularlyofferscourses,

teaching units, drama and project weeks for all grades in which pupils learn which waste

belongs in the sack or bin, and what has to be recycled and why recycling helps to save the

environment.Inaplayfulmannerpupilslearnhowtothinkanddevelopideasincirculation

systems to avoid waste. These activities facilitate a rehearsed responsible approach to the

topic of waste at an early stage.

5912. “What‘s on in town at the moment?”…

13. Contact details/ Imprint

60

Contact information

Eigenbetrieb Abfallwirtschaft Freiburg – EAF –

EnvironmentAuthority,Fehrenbachallee12,79106Freiburg

DrKlausvonZahn,1st Operations Manager

Susan Wurst, 2nd Plant Manager

EdithWild,UteNeuhaus

Telefon0761/201-6154,-6152

umweltschutzamt@stadt.freiburg.de

Abfallwirtschaft und Stadtreinigung Freiburg GmbH (ASF)

Hermann-Mitsch-Str.26,79108Freiburg

ManagingDirectors:MichaelBroglin,EckhardVogt

PublicRelations:DieterBootz,RolandHipp,SusannaGill

Telefon0761/76707-430

info@abfallwirtschaft-freiburg.de

Ökostation Freiburg (eco station)

Falkenbergerstr.21B,79110Freiburg

Tel.:0761-892333

info@oekostation.de

Recycling points

• St.Gabriel,Liebigstraße

• Schnaitweg7

• Carl-Mez-Straße50

RecyclingexchangeandmartonStGabrielrecyclingcentreLiebigstraße

Eichelbuck,handlingsite,Eichelbuckstraße

Informationonopeninghoursandtechnicalfacilitiesavailableunder

www.abfallwirtschaft-freiburg.de or in waste calendar

Imprint

Publisher

StadtFreiburgi.Br.

EigenbetriebAbfallwirtschaftFreiburg

DepartmentofEnvironment,EducationandBuildingManagement

Concept and compilation

EdithWild,EigenbetriebAbfallwirtschaftFreiburg

Design, set, graphics and photos

Graphikbuero GEBHARD|UHL, Freiburg

Statistics and Photography

RolandHipp(ASF),KlausPolkowski

Status January 2015, 1. publication, 500 copies

6113. Contact information and imprint