in a strange land modelling and understanding cyberspace
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in a strange land modelling and understanding cyberspace. Alan Dix Lancaster University, vfridge and aQtive http://www.hcibook.com/alan. overview. background the history of cyberspace HCI changes and trends design general principles for HCI and Cyberspace. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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in a strange land
modelling and understanding cyberspaceAlan Dix
Lancaster University,
vfridge and aQtive
http://www.hcibook.com/alan
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overview• background
– the history of cyberspace
• HCI– changes and trends
• design– general principles for HCI and Cyberspace
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background
the history of cyberspace
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one man’s journey• “A Mapmaker’s Dream” (James Cowen, 1996)
– Fra Mauro, 16th-century Venitian monk– cartographer– explorer within an island monastery
• the world– not just rivers and mountains– ideas, imagination, culture
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four ages of information
• Age of Proximity– control and information by physical contact
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four ages of information
• Age of Proximity
• Age of Bureaucracy– long-distance remote contact– physical messages– early cyberspace
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four ages of information
• Age of Proximity
• Age of Bureaucracy
• Age of Money– freemarket economies:– exchange of value– exchange of information
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four ages of information
• Age of Proximity• Age of Bureaucracy• Age of Money• Age of Information
– electronic messages– information objects– challenges power structures– remolds economics
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way findingdesign issues for
cyberspace• maps and navigation
– ‘lost in hyperspace’– guiding users through it
• construction– designing structures for cyberspace
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HCI
changes and trends
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increasing multiplicity
• 1980s - personal computers– one man and his machine– and they were men!
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increasing multiplicity
• 1980s - personal computers
• late 1980’s & 1990s - CSCW– lots of people– geographically remote– but ...– one person per machine
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increasing multiplicity
• 1980s - personal computers
• late 1980’s & 1990s - CSCW
• family use ... ?
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families and friends
lots of people, together and remote
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work and fun
• traditional HCI methods– tasks, goals, work, work, work– and the odd game
• now– e-shopping– communities– experience
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virtual crackers
• real crackers– cheap and cheerful!– bad joke, plastic toy, paper hat – pull and bang
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virtual crackers
• virtual crackers– cheap and cheerful– bad joke, web toy, cut-out mask – click and bang
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virtual crackers
• virtual crackers– cheap and cheerful– bad joke, web toy, cut-out mask – click and bang
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design
general principlesfor HCI and Cyberspace
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what is design?
achieving goals within constraints
• goals - purpose– who is it for, why do they want it
• constraints– materials, platforms
• trade-offs
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abstraction and grounding
• in design– abstract rules and guidelines– concrete examples
• in training
• in navigation– maps, fish-eye etc.
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hyperbolic browser (inxight)
data mapped inhyperbolic space
hyperbolic spaceprojected into 2D
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scenarios
• stories for design– communicate with others– validate other models– dynamics
• linearity– time is linear - our lives are linear– tours - linear paths in complex spaces
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labrynth
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golden rule of design
understand your materials
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for Human–Computer Interaction
understand your materials
• understand computers– limitations, capacities, tools, platforms
• understand people– psychological, social aspects– human error
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for Cyberspace
understand your materials
• understand virtual objects– clones and copies, non-continuity, magic!
• understand virtual space– non-linear, non-Euclidean, discrete
• understand people– how do we understand physical space?
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Clay tablet map
2200 BC
Yorghan Tepe,Iraq
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Egyptian garden
1400 BC
garden of a high court official of Amenhotep III
at Thebes
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T-O mapof the world
Isidore of Seville560-636 AD
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Wales
John Speed1610
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View of the World from 9th Avenue
Saul Steinberg 1975
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rules of navigation
where you are
where you’ve come from
what you can do next
where you will get to
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designing environments
• not just systems
• also environments– operating systems– buildings
• 2D surfaces– users create their own structure
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vfridgecollaborativelybuildingstructureinspace
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so ...the world becomes cyberspace
HCI gets more difficult
moving towards design of cyberspace
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for more ...
• HCI textbookhttp://www.hcibook.com/
• Cyberspacehttp://www.hiraeth.com/alan/topics/cyberspace
• vfridge and aQtivehttp://www.vfridge.com/
http://www.aqtive.com/