improving turfgrass through research new bentgrasses dr. leah a. brilman

Improving Turfgrass Through Research

New Bentgrasses

Dr. Leah A. Brilman


• Combine different species and types one trial– Differential herbicide/fungicide response– Different requirements for thatch control

• NTEP Trials at Universities - United States National Turfgrass Evaluation Program - www.ntep.org– Most not managed as on golf course– Less mowing, mowing height different– No traffic– More trials this cycle with no or reduced fungicides

• Fairway and Greens trials - Greens trial on soil and sand Some varieties in only one trial due to seed availability

Bentgrass Trials


Management influences - Four sands / One cultivar

Bentgrass Trials


• Standard varieties - Lower density, horizontal growth– Seaside, Penncross, Penneagle, Pennlinks

• Improved varieties - Moderate density for greens, tees and fairways :– Providence, SR 1020, Crenshaw, Seaside II, Trueline, Backspin, Putter, Cato,

Century, Princeville, Cobra, Viper, Grand Prix, Bengal, Mariner, Regent, Imperial, ProCup, Southshore, 18th Green

• More upright, versatile• Less thatch for fairways• Disease and stress resistance important characteristics for selection

Creeping bentgrass


• Improved - Moderate high density for greens, tees and fairways – SR 1150, SR 1119, Brighton (SR 1120), Sandhill, Ninety-six two, L-93, LS-

44, Alpha, Independence, Bengal, Penneagle II, Pennlinks II, Benchmark DSR, 13-M

• Higher density than older cultivars - Upright growth• Slightly more potential for thatch - watch fertility• Most moderately fine texture• Select for important disease resistance, color, stress tolerance

Creeping bentgrass


• Versatile varieties - High Density for greens, tees and fairways– 007 (DSB), MacKenzie, Memorial, Kingpin

• High density but with upright growth so more versatile• Low tendency for Bentgrass Bloat - scalping• Slightly greater thatch management needs• Low Poa annua invasion• May be combined with Ultra for greens or improved types in fairway blends

Creeping bentgrass


• Ultra varieties - Very high density - greens– Tyee, Authority, T-1, Shark, CY-2, Declaration - new ones this type– Penn G-2, G-6, A-1, A-2, A-4, G-1 - all from selections at Augusta, GA - very

similar genetics

• Some high thatch producers - must have budget and equipment to control, some newer upright growth

• Slower repair aerification holes, ball marks• Use smaller diameter holes, topdress frequently• Upright, dense growth - good at low height• Good wear tolerance

Creeping bentgrass


• Divot repair rate– Variable by cultivar - Penncross not fastest despite reputation– Cover may be greater but not fully repaired

• Higher density varieties sometimes ballmark less but some recover slower

• All bentgrasses - use sand/seed repair mix• Add Chewings fescue into repair mix for faster germination• Waiting for 6 weeks to grow in for repair = Poa annua

Creeping bentgrass


• Damage control study Clemson, University– Repair of damage from 2 inch hole in June and August– Repair rate differed by type - standard and improved typically better than dense.

Percent repair after 6 weeks 1998Cultivar June Aug. Cultivar June Aug. Penncross 43 33 Crenshaw 33 45Southshore 41 36 Penn G-2 32 36Putter 41 39 Crens/Cato 31 37Pennlinks 41 33 Cato 30 37Mariner 39 28 Penn A-1 30 35Viper 38 37 Penn G-1 30 30SR 1020 37 35 Providence 29 35SR 1119 37 34 Penn A-4 29 35L-93 36 45 Penn G-6 27 33Dominant 34 46 LSD @ 5% 10 11

Creeping bentgrass


• Versatile type with Ultra Greens performance• Stress tolerant germplasm• High turf quality - Greens, tees and fairways• Very high density - All seasons - less thatch• Bright medium green color• Fine leaf texture• Reduced fertilizer requirement• Winter-active growth• High resistance to dollar spot, brown patch and Fusarium

patch

MacKenzie creeping bentgrass


MacKenzie Creeping Bentgrass

Rutgers Univ.

July, 2004

Fairway Trial

High stress resistance

SR 1119 MacKenzie



Utah State University

July, 2005

Comparison with Kingpin

Brighter color, densitySR 1119 MacKenzie

Kingpin MacKenzie


MacKenzie Creeping BentgrassGreens Trial

Caledonia G.C.

Chiba Prefecture

Japan

Kingpin Mackenzie


Density of Creeping bentgrass cultivars in Japan. Greens Trial at Caldonian G.C. Chiba Prefecture Japan. Greenkeeper Mr. Ishii

Seeded May 9, 2006, Data taken on August 25, 2006 (4 reps)

Cultivar Stems / sq. cm.

MacKenzie 22.8

SR 1150 22.0

Authority 19.0

LS-44 19.0

T-1 18.0

Penn G-2 15.8

Grandprix 15.4

CY-2 15.4

L-93 15.0

Penncross 10.4



Percent establishment ratings of Creeping Bentgrass cultivars on a green at Raleigh, NC 2003 NTEP – Putting Green 2004 Data

Cultivar Nov. 03 Mean

007 (DSB) 91.7 96.0

MacKenzie (SRX 1GPD) 85.0 93.2

Pennlinks II 81.7 90.9

Shark 80.0 90.3

T-1 83.3 90.3

Tyee (SRX 1GD) 80.0 88.1

Benchmark DSR 78.3 87.2

Penncross 75.0 85.9

Kingpin 78.3 85.6

Authority 75.0 85.6

Independence 70.0 83.6

Penn A-1 71.7 82.6

Declaration 68.3 80.6

LSD @ 5% 22.7 14.7



Density of creeping bentgrass cultivars in greens trials. 2003 NTEP Trial 2005 Data

Turfgrass Density ratings 1-9, 9 = Highest Density

Summer Fall

Cultivar Density Density

MacKenzie 7.8 7.5

Tyee 7.5 7.3

Shark 7.4 7.2

Authority 7.4 7.2

Benchmark DSR 7.3 6.6

007 7.3 6.6

T-1 7.3 7.3

CY-2 7.2 6.7

Declaration 7.3 6.8

Memorial 7.1 7.2

Alpha 6.8 6.8

Penn A-1 6.8 6.8

Pennlinks II 6.3 6.2

Penncross 5.7 5.6

LSD @ 5% 0.4 0.7



Quality ratings of Creeping Bentgrass cultivars on a soil green at twelve locations.

2003 NTEP – Putting Green 2005 Data

Turfgrass Quality ratings 1-9, 9 = Ideal Turf

Cultivar Quality Cultivar Quality

MacKenzie 6.7 Benchmark DSR 6.4

Declaration 6.7 T-1 6.4

Authority 6.7 Penn A-1 6.3

CY-2 6.6 Alpha 6.2

Memorial 6.6 Pennlinks II 5.8

007 (DSB) 6.5 Penncross 5.4

Tyee (SRX 1GD) 6.5

Kingpin 6.5 LSD @ 5% 0.2



Quality ratings of Creeping Bentgrass cultivars grown on a green at 10 locations using an 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) or lower cutting height




Declaration 6.8 Memorial 6.4

MacKenzie 6.7 T-1 6.3

Authority 6.7 Benchmark DSR 6.2

Tyee (SRX 1GD) 6.6 Alpha 6.0

CY-2 6.6 Pennlinks II 5.5

Penn A-1 6.5 Penncross 5.0

007 (DSB) 6.5

Kingpin 6.4 LSD @ 5% 0.2



Brown patch ratings of Creeping Bentgrass cultivars on a green at Blacksburg, VA.


Brown Patch ratings 1-9, 9 = No diseaseCultivar Mean

MacKenzie (SRX 1GPD) 8.5

Kingpin 8.5

Alpha 8.3

CY-2 8.3

Tyee (SRX 1GD) 8.2

Memorial 8.0

Penncross 8.0

Shark 8.0

Pennlinks II 7.5

T-1 7.5

Declaration 7.3

Benchmark DSR 7.2

Penn A-1 7.2

LSD @ 5% 1.7




Puyallup, WA

July, 2006

Resists Poa annua

MacKenzie

Kingpin Mackenzie



Rutgers, NJ

Fairway trial

August, 2006

38 degrees C

95% humidity

SR 1119 and MacKenzieKingpin Mackenzie

SR 1119 MacKenzie



Rutgers, NJ

Greens established 2003

August, 2006

38 degrees C

95% humidity

High Density, growingKingpin Mackenzie


• Benefits– Excellent performance all year-round– Very high density but upright growth– Uniform putting surface– Excellent wear tolerance– Excellent summer performance– Reduced fungicide requirements– Reduced ball marks– High performance greens, tees, fairways



• Moderate high density type• Ideal for green, tees and fairways• Excellent turf quality• Excellent dollar spot and brown patch resistance• Leaf texture and density matches Dominant blends• Vigorous, moderately dense growth• Bright, dark green color

SR 1150 creeping bentgrass


SR 1150 Creeping Bentgrass

• Rutgers University

– Dr. Stacy Bonos• Dollar Spot resistant• Moderately high density for

greens and fairways• Color, texture match with

SR 1119, Brighton, Sandhill• High turf quality• High Brown Patch resistancePicture Rutgers Univ., Fairway Trial, July 04

SR 1150


Percent dollar spot ratings of Creeping Bentgrass cultivars on a fairway or tee at Lexington, KY. 2003 NTEP – Fairway or tee 2004 Data

Cultivar % dollar spot

Declaration 0.6

Pennlinks II 3.4

SR 1150 (SRX 1PDH) 5.3

Kingpin 5.4

Mackenzie 7.4

Penncross 8.6

L-93 8.7

SR 1119 8.9

Alpha 9.1

Shark 9.3

T-1 12.2

Independence 17.1

LSD @ 5% 4.5

SR 1150 Creeping bentgrass


Quality ratings of Creeping Bentgrass cultivars grown on a fairway under

Traffic Stress in Madison, WI

2003 NTEP – Fairway/Tee 2005 Data



Shark 7.4 L-93 6.5

SR 1150 7.3 T-1 6.5

Kingpin 7.1 Penncross 6.4

Alpha 6.9 Bengal 6.2

Authority 6.8 Declaration 6.2

LS-44 6.8 Pennlinks II 6.1

Princeville 6.6 Seaside 5.2

Independence 6.5 LSD @ 5% 1.3



Density of Creeping bentgrass cultivars in Japan. Greens Trial at Caldonian G.C. Chiba Prefecture Japan. Greenkeeper Mr. Ishii

Seeded May 9, 2006, Data taken on August 25, 2006 (4 reps)

Cultivar Stems / sq. cm.

MacKenzie 22.8

SR 1150 22.0

Authority 19.0

LS-44 19.0

T-1 18.0

Penn G-2 15.8

Grandprix 15.4

CY-2 15.4

L-93 15.0

Penncross 10.4

SR 1150 Density


Quality ratings of Creeping Bentgrass cultivars grown on a fairway under

Reduced Fungicides at Farmingdale, NY - Creeping bentgrasses

2003 NTEP – Fairway/Tee 2005 Data



SR 1150 7.0 T-1 6.6

Pennlinks II 6.9 Kingpin 6.5

Shark 6.9 MacKenzie 6.4

Indepedence 6.8 L-93 6.4

SR 1119 6.6 Authority 6.4

LS-44 6.6 Alpha 6.2

Penncross 6.6 Declaration 6.1

Princeville 6.6 LSD @ 5% 0.4



SR 1150 Creeping Bentgrass

• Temperature of 38 degrees C

• Humidity 95%• Low fungicides• Low N

Picture Rutgers Univ., NJ Fairway Trial, August, 2006

SR 1150 SR 1119


• Benefits– Versatile for use on greens, tees and fairways– Lower maintenance requirements– High performance – Reduced fungicides– Increased genetic diversity



Testing Blend performance at Rutgers University, NJTyee / 007

SR 1150 / SR 1119

Mackenzie / Sandhill

007 / SR 1150

007 / SR 1119 (Dominant X-treme 7 - N.A.)

007 / Mackenzie

007 / Mackenzie / Tyee

Brighton / Sandhill

Tyee / SR 7200

Creeping bentgrass blends


Bentgrass Strategies

• Dollar spot resistance - New Michigan State, WI germplasm

• Stress tolerant - germplasm from AZ with salt and heat tolerance + improved winter color

• Dense types without excessive thatch

• Improved varieties to blend with current stable

• Salt tolerance

• Snow mold resistance for northern areas


Kentucky Bluegrass Types

Dr. Leah A. Brilman


Kentucky Bluegrass• Strengths

– Self-repairing

– High lateral stability

– High recuperative ability

– Dense stand, high quality

– Excellent mowing quality

– High cold tolerance

– Some cultivars with improved drought tolerance

– Select a blend of types depending on use


Kentucky Bluegrass• Weaknesses

– Poa annua invasion - less options in herbicides - new ones coming on market

– Slow germination and establishment - heavier seeding rates better

– Shade tolerance cultivar dependent

– Bluegrass billbugs

– Must mix cultivars carefully - use different types to match strengths and weaknesses

– Not adapted to some regions



Compact Types CELA Type

Compact BVMG Type

Midnight Shamrock type

America Cheri Type

Aggressive Type Julia Type

Bellevue Type Common Type

Mid-Atlantic Type Other Type



• These types have been verified by DNA analysis

• Cultivars in most types are closely related genetically – Often no or very small DNA differences

• If planting all of one type = all of one cultivar

• Greater DNA differences in Aggressive / Mid-Atlantic types - based more on performance

• Performance strengths and weaknesses are the same within a type


Why Blends and Mixtures• Kentucky bluegrass apomictic• Cultivar = Single genotype - other turfgrass species

are mixture of genotypes• Vegetative cultivars comparison• Vegetative bentgrasses • Vegetative bermudas, zoysias, St. Augustine• Merion Kentucky bluegrass - stripe smut• Not just for disease resistance


Blending bluegrassesKentucky bluegrass• Melting-out resistance of blend of two cultivars intermediate

between same cultivars in monostands• Inoculum from susceptible cultivar reduced resistance of

resistant cultivar• Blends of two cultivars generally show resistance

intermediate between each alone(Vargas and Turgeon, 1980. Proc. Third ITRC 45-52.)


Blending bluegrassesEarly blend analysis - Dr. Funk, Rutgers

Sprigged out plants to ID Aggressive types dominatedAggressive types based on invasion in plots

New DNA techniques allow blend analysis (Lickfeldt et al, 2002. Crop Sci. 42:842-847.) 3-way blend - Unique, Midnight, BlacksburgDifferent management and % of each at seedingFinal composition, 40% U, 46% M, 14% B


Blending bluegrassesWhy combine types in blends?Each type has weakness as well as strengthsSingle type has weaknesses

Midnight types - powdery mildew, winter color, rust susceptibility as seedlingsAmerica types - not as dark greenAggressive - dominate in blendsShamrock types - billbug susceptibleBVMG - Very stemmy turf, poor winter performance, stripe smut susceptible


Conclusions• Blends do provide benefit• Learning long term blend peformance• Kentucky bluegrasses difficult to breed• Cooperative work breeders and NTEP to define

types and publish• Looking at competitiveness in different

environments and management• Never use more than 15% perennial ryegrass to

maintain at least 50% bluegrass



NJ Wear - Spring, summer and fall wear (multi - use field)

High performers Low performers

Compact America

Midnight BVMG

Julia Cheri

Aggressive Common

Mid-Atlantic

Repeat with wear, compaction different seasons


Kentucky Bluegrass TypesWI Wear trial - fall wear

Combined with perennial ryegrass varying percentages

Only obtained 50% KBG with less than 15% rye

No difference between Midnight types, BVMG types, Aggressive types

Common types less wear tolerant

Midnight, Fairfax more dominant in blends


Compact TypesCompact, Midnight, America

Low, compact growth

High quality turf

1/2 inch cutting height

Excellent resistance to Leaf Spot

Long Winter dormancy

Variable under Summer stress

Often purple Winter color


Compact TypeArgos Indigo Glade Blue-tastic

Alpine Moonlight Ram 1 Ascot

Moonshadow Nugget Nugget Hallmark

Blacksburg P-105 Amazon Skye

Blackstone Platini Apex Blue Max

Conni Broadway Goldstar Amazon

Wildwood Diva Chicago II


Midnight Type1. Characteristics of compact type

2. Excellent wear tolerance

3. Very dark green color

4. Late Spring green-up

5. Good heat tolerance

6. Susceptible to powdery mildew

7. Variable resistance to Summer Patch

8. Not good in shade sites


Midnight TypeArcadia Midnight Barrister Odyssey EverGlade

Quantum Leap

Award NuGlade Midnight Star

Total Eclipse

Blue Velvet Awesome Perfection NuDestiny Everest

Rhythm Impact Tsunami Ginney Absolute

Freedom III Liberator Midnight II Beyond Freedom II

Alexa Excursion Rugby II

Bluestone Courtyard


Aggressive Type

Aggressive lateral growth

Should have one in Sports Turf Blends

High shoot density

Very wear tolerant

Quickly knit sod and repair

May predominate in blend

Variable in other characteristics


Aggressive TypeCheetah Julius Northstar

Orfeo Bariris P-104

Touchdown Mystic

Limousine Brunswick


Orfeo Kentucky

• Aggressive cultivar

• Fast germination and establishment - germination in 3 - 5 days

• Superior germination with high salt levels

• High wear tolerance

• High sod strength

• Tolerant of low light intensity

• Medium green color


Germination percentage of Kentucky bluegrass varieties at 5,000 ppm salts

Preliminary data after 3 weeks

Cultivar % Germ Cultivar % Germ

Orfeo 38 SR 2284 4

SR 2109 36 Spitfire 3

Baron 24 Bandera 3

Northstar 10 Argos 3

Arcadia 8 Moonlight 0

STR 2959 6 Moonshadow 0

Showcase 4 Touchdown 0

Ulysses 4 LSD @ 5% 4

Salt germination bluegrasses


Cheetah Kentucky

• One of the finest Kentucky Bluegrass - aggressive-type bluegrass

• Adapted to the low light intensity

• Superior on sports fields

• Very dense growth habit - similar to Odyssey, Midnight, and Rugby II

• Early spring green-up

• Excellent sod strength

• Very high shade tolerance


Julia-TypeHigh turf quality

High wear tolerance

High density

Rapid establishment

Good Summer performance

Moderate Winter performance

Good Leaf Spot, Stripe Smut resistance

Susceptible to Brown Patch, Dollar Spot


Julia Type Cultivars

Ulysses

Rampart

Avalanche

Julia

Caliber

Ikone


Rampart Kentucky

• Julia-type Kentucky Bluegrass

• Larger seed - faster establishment

• Excellent wear tolerance - look best with wear

• High sod strength

• High heat tolerance

• High drought tolerance


Ulysses Kentucky blue• Julia type

• High performance at 1/2 inch cut

• Excellent performance with season-long wear

• Excellent summer persistence

• Uses: Fairways, Roughs, Sports Fields, Sod Production, Home Lawns


America Type• Characteristics of compact type

• Finer leaf, higher density

• Some with better rhizomes

• Better fall and spring growth

• Moderate Summer recovery

• High Summer Patch resistance

• Resistant to powdery mildew

• Good in shade - should be in

• Fairway mixes


America Type

Kingfisher Sonoma Dynamo

Showcase Apollo Unique

SR 2284 Brilliant Bedazzled

Argos Bordeaux Royale

America Arrow Boutique

Langara Mallard Glenmont


Argos Kentucky• American/Shamrock cross

• Compact-America

• Low growing, dense turf

• Shade tolerant

• Rapid establishment

• Aggressive rhizome growth


• Early spring green-up


Mid-Atlantic Type• Deep, extensive roots and rhizomes

• New cultivars in 2005 Bluegrass NTEP

• Called RSP-types, some very aggressive

• Vigorous turf & medium-high density

• High Summer stress tolerance

• Early Spring green-up

• Good Winter performance

• Rapid recovery from disease and wear


Mid-Atlantic TypeTouche’ (STR 23180)

Starburst (STR 2703)

STR 2485

Eagleton

CabernetMonopoly

LivingstonPreakness Plush


Touche’ KentuckyTurf Quality with wear of 2004 CTBT Bluegrass Trial established at North

Brunswick NJ. 2005 Rating with Wear 1-9, 9 = Best

Cultivar Wear .Quality

Touche’ (STR 23180 (Mid-Atl)) 6.7

STR 2485 (Mid-Atl) 6.2

Rhythm (Mid) 6.2

Bandera (T x K) 5.7

Julia (Julia) 5.7

SR 2100 (Shamrock) 5.3

Midnight (Mid) 5.0

Diva (Compact) 5.0

Julius (Aggr) 4.2

Eagleton (Mid-Atl) 3.8

LSD @ 5% 1.0


Touche’ KentuckyTurf Quality of 2004 CTBT Bluegrass Trial established at Rolesville, NC.

2005-2006 Rating Turf Quality 1-9, 9 = Best

Cultivar Mean .Quality

Touche (STR 23180) 5.9

STR 2485 5.9

Bandera TxK 5.7

Julia 5.0

Rhythm 4.6

Diva 4.4

Julius 4.3

Midnight 4.3

SR 2100 4.2

Eagleton 3.5

LSD @ 5% 0.6


Starburst KentuckyTurf Quality of 2005 CTBT Bluegrass Species Trial established at Knoxville, TN

Quality 1-9, 9 = Best

Cultivar Quality

Starburst (STR 2703 Mid-Atl) 7.4

Midnight (Mid) 7.4

Touche (STR 23180 Mid-Atl) 7.2

America (Am) 7.1

Longhorn (T x K) 7.1

Livingston (Mid-Atl) 7.0

Julia (Julia) 6.9

Bandera (SPTR 2LM95 T xK) 6.7

Midnight Star (Mid) 6.6

LSD @ 5% 0.7


Texas X Kentucky bluegrass

• Texas bluegrass heat and drought tolerant, extensive and deep rhizomes

• Kentucky bluegrass turf quality

• 1st generation low fertility, low germination. Selected superior progeny

• Some backcrossed to Kentucky bluegrass

• More extensive rhizomes

• Greater heat and drought tolerance

• Must evaluate for diseases, germination vigor, apomixis


Texas x Kentucky bluegrass

• Many first hybrids poor germination

• Thermal Blue = HB 129 = BH00-6002

• Reveille sod type good performance

• Improved establishment

• High shear strength

• Excellent rhizomes = good recovery

• Good wear tolerance in Ohio - new ones high at Rutgers


Texas X Kentucky

• Improved germination


• Active summer growth

• Need more growth before vernalization for seed

Bandera


Texas x Kentucky bluegrass

Bandera DuraBlue Fire and Ice

Spitfire ThermalBlue Longhorn

Fahrenheit 90 Solar Green Reveille


Texas X Kentucky bluegrass

• Rhizomes on young spaced plants

• Deep rhizomes contribute to recovery

• Bluegrass usage further south

• Top rated for shear strength NTEP


Bandera T x K bluegrass

• Study was done in Rain Out Shelter at Rutgers

• Bandera (Reported as Sptr 21m95 instead of SPTR 2LM95) showed less decline than Thermal Blue or Midnight from 10 to 17 days drought, Kept quality longer.

• Maintained photosynthesis longer than Midnight under drought stress

• Recovered faster than Midnight or Thermal Blue after 41 days of drought and had a difference in stomatal resistance.


Spitfire Texas x KentuckyTurf Quality of 2005 CTBT Bluegrass Species Trial established at

Fayetteville, Arkansas Digital Quality 1-9, 9 = Best

Cultivar Digital Color Digital Quality

Midnight (Mid) 6.6 7.6

Spitfire (STR 2844 TxK) 7.3 7.4

Longhorn (T x K) 5.8 6.9

Touche (STR 23180 Mid-Atl) 5.5 6.6

Bandera (SPTR 2LM95 T xK) 5.6 6.6

America (Am) 5.7 6.5

Midnight Star (Mid) 6.3 6.4

Livingston (Mid-Atl) 4.6 6.0

Julia (Julia) 5.9 5.5

LSD @ 5% 0.7 0.8


Shamrock Type• Moderate Winter color

• Good resistance to Leaf Spot

• Good turf quality and sod strength

• Billbug susceptible

• High seed yields

• Less stemmy than BVMG types

• Summer performance variable

• Large seed - quick germination


Shamrock Type

SR 2100 Champagne

Atlantis Parkland

Shamrock Champlain

Brooklawn Moonshine

Lakeshore Durham

Mongoose


BVMG Type• Wear tolerance poor, not good for sports turf

• Use Shmarock types instead for quick germination

• High seed yields so cheap seed

• Medium-good turf

• Stripe Smut susceptible, Billbug susceptible

• Medium low growth, Medium wide leaves

• Large seed - quick germ

• Very stemmy turf

• Poor Winter performance


BVMG Type Cultivars

Cannon Abbey Fortuna

Marquis Baron Gnome

Victa BlueChip Goldrush

Clearwater BlueStar Baronette

Merit Crest Nassau

Envicta Dragon Raven


Common Type(Midwest Ecotypes)

• Do not use for sports turf

• Erect growth and narrow leaf blades

• Good Summer stress tolerance (may go dormant)

• High Leaf Spot susceptibility

• Poor Winter color and performance

• Early seed production

• Good for soil stabilization/conservation


Common Type(Midwest Ecotypes)

Kenblue Alene Huntsville

Park Garfield Piedmont

Alene Geary S-21

Cache Ginger South Dakota

Rhonde Greenly Voyager

Newport Wellington Argyle


New Cultivars• SR 4600 perennial ryegrass

• Harrier perennial ryegrass

• Calypso III perennial ryegrass

• SR 8650 tall fescue

• SR 5250 strong creeping red fescue

• SR 5130 Chewings fescue

• Shoreline slender creeping red fescue

• SR 3150 hard fescue

improving turfgrass through research new bentgrasses dr. leah a. brilman

Documents

density sr

bentgrass bloat

greens trials greens

kingpin high density

high density greens

cultivar bentgrass trials

research ultra varieties

brilman slide