improving conventional flotation methods to treat eor
TRANSCRIPT
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Improving Conventional Flotation Methods to Treat EOR Polymer Rich Produced WaterAuthors: Frank A. Richerand, Frank Richerand II
www.envirotechsystems.com
Authors: Frank A. Richerand, Frank Richerand IIYoosef Peymani
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OBJECTIVES
• Compare IGF and DGF to identify the main criteria affecting the performance and functionality of flotation units and their accessories in different environments
• Describe the effects and benefits of using both IGF and DGFat the same time• Verify the hypothesis through three years of laboratory and field study
Control Logic Flow Chart
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GAS FLOTATION: DYNAMICS
• The flotation process occurs in three steps:
• Gas bubbles are the lightest fluid –powerful buoyancy
• Gas bubbles exchange upward momentum with surrounding media –drag momentum exchange
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GAS FLOTATION: DYNAMICS
• Manipulation of turbulence motion –Eddy’s• Homogeneous flow
• One phase • Eddies grow and create large swirl
• Heterogeneous flow• Multiple phases
Bubbles
Large
Eddy's
Small
Eddy's
• Multiple phases • Small eddy’s are created
• Utilizing the same total turbulence, the introduction of gas bubbles increases collision –higher efficiency in separation
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GAS FLOTATION: APPLICATION
• Flotation units, which operate with the assistance of gas in the flotation process, have been widely used for the treatment of produced water both onshore and offshore.
• Differing technologies are applied to Flotation units for specific applications. • Advantages and disadvantages of each arrangement + the requirements of the
process = determine the choice of gas floatation mechanism. • These methods can be divided in two major categories: • These methods can be divided in two major categories:
1. Induced Gas Flotation (IGF)2. Dissolved Gas Flotation (DGF).
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Induced Gas Flotation Technology
• Eductor IGF (hydraulic):• gas is introduced into a slipstream of effluent• because the fluid must be recycled back into the system, this design
effectively decreases the residence time of the fluid to be treated
• Impeller (mechanical):• utilizes an electric motor impeller• dependent on the application, mechanical units tend to be more
efficient than hydraulic units efficient than hydraulic units • mechanical units are associated with maintenance difficulties and the
emission of noxious vapors
• Sparger:• sparger tubes• plugging/ fouling of pores create non-uniformity and high pressure
drop• limited with scale tendency of inorganic solutes
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Dissolved Gas Flotation Technology
• Saturator Vessel:• gas is dissolved into the recycle flow by
adding air under pressure in a vessel
• DGF Pump:• single pump is used to mix gas and • single pump is used to mix gas and
recirculation water
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FLOTATION TRADE-OFF
• Induced Gas Flotation (IGF), Eductor:• most common IGF design• simplicity of design• least number of operational issues
* IGF efficiency is limited by the minimum oil droplet size wherein smallest gas bubble can separate
• Dissolved Gas Flotation (DGF), Micro-Bubble • Dissolved Gas Flotation (DGF), Micro-Bubble Pump:
• most common DGF method
* The retention time required to effectively remove the contaminates only using Micro-Bubbles is higher than IGF. However, the overall efficiency of the gas flotation is significantly more.
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THEORY
• Shortcomings motivated investigation of combining both methods
• Early stage introduction of micro-bubbles will create an intermediate layer around oil droplets and micro-bubbles will lift the oil droplets by attaching to this layer
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1- LITERATURE STUDY AND COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS
• A partial differential mathematical model was developed by Modification on O’Rooke’s Collision Model through Stochastic Analysis to define the effect of gas bubble size on oil separation.
• The separation was modeled through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)• The simulation proved the followings:
I. The attachment of Oil droplets to gas bubbles are directly correlated to:a. Gas to Oil diameter ratio: Smaller the ratio, more attachment of oil and a. Gas to Oil diameter ratio: Smaller the ratio, more attachment of oil and
gas bubblesb. Interfacial Tension between Water/Oil, Oil/Gas, Gas/Watercontrols the
attachment of oil droplets and gas bubbles.II. Large Eddy’s will break to smaller onesIII. Small gas bubbles cannot float oil droplets to surface in short retention time.
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2- LABORATORY TEST
• Different configuration was tested in controlled environment to optimize operating conditions (Gas Fraction and Operating Pressure)
MICRO-BUBBLES IN THE FORM OF WHITE CLOUDTEST SETUP
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2- LABORATORY TEST
WATER SPECIMEN WITH MICRO BUBBLE VIDEO MICROSCOPY OF MICRO-BUBBLES (FRESH WATER
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2- LABORATORY SETUP
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3.1- FIELD TEST 1: OMAN
• ENVIRO-CELL EC-3 (hydraulic IGF) Eductors + Micro-Bubble Pump
• Advanced Sensors EX-100 • inlet and outlet oil concentration• efficiency in different scenarios
• Oman (Field X) Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)
• primary water flooding• secondary polymer flooding
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3.1- RESULTS
• Comparison of IGF, DGF, IGF+DGF
70
80
90
100
OIL
RE
MO
VA
L E
FF
ICIE
NC
Y,
%
IGF ONLY IGF + DGF COMBINED DGF ONLY
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
OIL
RE
MO
VA
L E
FF
ICIE
NC
Y,
%
POLYMER CONCENTRATION, PPM
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3.2- FIELD TEST 2: TEXAS, USA
OUTLET OIW
ANALYZER
INLET OIW
ANALYZER
MICROBUBBLE
GENERATOR
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3.2- FIELD TEST 2: TEXAS, USA
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3.3- FIELD TEST 3: COLORADO, USA
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3.3- FIELD TEST 3: COLORADO, USA
• The test currently in progress, and the data has not been compiled/analyzed yet.
• On average, the efficiency increased from 80% to 90%-95% by starting the DGF (Micro-Bubble) pump.
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CONCLUSION
• IGF – efficiency is limited by size of oil droplet in polymer rich produced water
• DGF – bubbles not strong enough to meet retention time in polymer rich produced water
• PROVEN COMBINATION: by combining IGF and DGF in the first step the • PROVEN COMBINATION: by combining IGF and DGF in the first step the speed of rise is increased in polymer rich produced water conditions
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Questions
Slide 21