improvement for high and stable yield and improved end-use ...€¦ · terbol -fav test...
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Bread Wheat Germplasm Improvement for High and Stable
Yield and improved End-use Quality in Central and West Asia
and North Africa
Osman Abdalla and Francis Ogbonnaya
ICARDA-CIMMYT Wheat Improvement Program (ICWIP)Biodiversity and Integrated Gene Management (BIGM) Program
International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)
Wheat Production in CWANA
Wheat is the main staple food in CWANA Region Wheat consumption in CWANA is about 185 kg/capita/yearAbout 50 million hectares in CWANA
Goal of Wheat Improvement
Sustainable improvement in spring wheat productivity, yield stability and end-use quality in Central and West Asia and North Africa (CWANA) Region.
Target Environments
• Spring Bread Wheat improvement targets all wheat growing areas in CWANA with focus on:
Semiarid (Mediterranean Rainfed) environmentsFavorable irrigated environments including Heat-Stress low latitudes areas of CWANA
Targeted Environments and Major Stresses
Abiotic Constraints
Drought
Terminal Heat
Biotic ConstraintsLeaf rust
Stem rust
Septoria L. B
Hessian fly
Sawfly
RWA
(A) CWANA Temperate Dryland Areas:
Example: North Africa : Settat - Morocco; Sidi Bel-Abbas - Algeria
Targeted Nurseries:CWANA Dryland SBW Screening NurseryCWANA Dryland SBW YT –Low Rainfall Temperate Areas
Targeted Environments and Major Stresses
Abiotic Constraints
Drought
Cold
Terminal Heat
Biotic ConstraintsYellow rust
Bunts
Sawfly
RWA
(B) CWANA Continental Dryland Areas:
Example: North Africa : Setif- Algeria; West Asia: T. Hadya (Syria)
Targeted Nurseries:CWANA Dryland SBW Screening NurseryCWANA Dryland SBW YT –Low Rainfall Continental Areas
Targeted Environments and Major Stresses
Abiotic Constraints:
Water Use-Efficiency
High temperature
Salinity
Biotic Constraints:
Yellow Rust
Leaf Rust
Stem Rust
Aphids
(C) CWANA Low Latitude Areas:
Targeted Environments and Major Stresses
Example: Southern Iran; Upper Egypt; Sudan
Targeted Nurseries:CWANA Low Latitudes SBW Screening NurseryCWANA Low Latitudes Irrigated Areas SBWYT
Germplasm Improvement for Drought Stress
and Water Productivity
Wheat Production in CWANA
Semiarid (Mediterranean Rainfed) Spring WheatEnvironment (Approximately 11.0 million hectares)
Characterized by highly variable spatial and temporal drought stress
Targeted germplasm combine moisture stresstolerance, water-use efficiency and yield stability
Mean Rainfall Relative to LTA at T. Hadya, Syria, during 1998/99 to 2004/05 Seasons
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/ 04
SEASONS
Mea
n R
ainf
all %
of L
ong
Term
Ave
rage
1998/9 1999/00 2004/5
Rainfall Distribution at T. Haya during 2002-03 to 2004-05 Seasons
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Sep Oct Novr Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul
Month
Prec
ipita
tion
(l m
m)
2002/ 03 2003/ 04 2004/05 Long term
334
600
384450
254
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Breda-N-RF T. Hadya-N-RF
T. Hadya-N-RF+1SI
T. Hadya-E-RF+2SI
Terbol -Fav
Test Environments
Long
Ter
m A
vera
ge R
ainf
all (
mm
)Moisture Gradient for Germplasm Selection
7.5T
6.0T
4.5T
2.0T3.5T
AWYT2-LR-04: Perform ance of 24 Genotypes under Moisture Extrem es
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Yield under Moisture Stress (280 m m )
Yiel
d un
der N
o M
oist
ure
Stre
ss (4
41 m
m)
524
504
522523
509
515
505508
506 510511
512
519 517516
503
518507
520 502
513
514501
521
Mean = 1562 kg/ha
Mea
n =
6279
kg/
ha
(A) (B)
(C)
(D)
Germplasm Improvement for Heat Tolerance
Targeted CWANA Low Latitude Areas (11 to 30 N)
Germplasm for CWANA Low Latitude Areas
Characteristics of Germplasm adapted to Low Latitude Areas of CWANA:
•High Yield Potential
•Water-use Efficiency
•Heat Tolerance
•Multiple Disease Resistance
•Good End-use Quality
Combating Stem Rust Race Ug99
Shuttle Breeding:
Shuttle breeding program between ICARDA-Syria and Debre Zeit and Kulumsa Research Centers in Ethiopia has been established to:
Screen SBW germplasm for Stem Rust (Ug99) resistance.
Serve as early warning for in-coming new virulent races.
SR Reaction of New Source of Resistance Under Stem Rust Pressure in Njoro–Kenya-07
90S100S50S1308AWYT-MR 07PBW343 (CHECK)
80S60S30S1124AWYT-MR 07ATTILA-7 = Qubsa (CHECK)
90S90SMS40S701AWYT-LR 07CHAM-6 (CHECK)
20MR15M10MR1512AWYT-MR 07DAHAB"S"20M15MR20MR1423AWYT-MR 07SAAMID"S"20M10MS20MSS1410AWYT-MR 07LOULOU"S"20M5MS10MRR1306AWYT-MR 07FARIS"S"
40SMS20MS30MR722AWYT-LR 07WAEID"S"40SMS30MR20MR1107AWYT-MR 07QAMAR"S"40SMS30MS20MR517AWYT-LR 07NEJMAH"S"
7.10.0729.9.079.21.07Var No.SourceName
Sr Score Njoro-Ken
Yield Performance of Ug99 Resistant Lines Under Moderate and High Moisture–Stress
Environments
1012288722AWYT-LR-07WAEID"S"1102532810AWYT-LR-07NAYZAK11323871012AWYT-LR-07ZOOMOROD"S"
1132868914AWYT-LR-07LOULOU"S"YLD % BABAGA-3YLD (Kg/Ha)
10241011405AWYT-MR-07LOULOU"S"10142691107AWYT-MR-07QAMAR "S"10544151109AWYT-MR-07QAMAR "S"12753471105AWYT-MR-07QAMAR "S"
YLD % PBW343YLD (Kg/Ha)Source No.SourceName
Frequency of SBW Lines with Adequate Resistance based on Ug99 Screening of 249 Elite Lines at Njoro-Kenya -2007
8.020Entries with Breeding Value
6.015Entries with Potential for Release
1435TOTAL8.020MR–MS ( 40% Severity)
3.69MR ( 30 % Severity)
2.05R–MR (15 – 20% Severity)
0.401R ( 5 – 10% Severity)
%No. of Entries%Resistance Category
NEW Germplasm Relevant to Australia Preemptive/Anticipatory Breeding
•Germplasm to mitigate Climate Change (drought and heat stress)
•Germplasm to combat transboundary disease and Pests (e.g HF, RWA)
Enhancing collaboration with Australia
Exchange Visits to ICARDA and ICARDA collaborating NARS
Joint Fund raising
Joint Training & workshops
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Thank you