impressionism
TRANSCRIPT
IMPRESSIONISM
PAINTING:
Developed in France in late 19th century
Artists who shared a set of related approaches & techniques
Interest in natural colour and landscapes and the effects of light on the colour
Broke every rule of the French Academy of Fine Arts
1st artistic revolution since the Renaissance
Term comes from Claude Monet’s painting Impression-Sunrise.
EDOUARD MANET1832-1883
Trained as a traditional painter
Message of them painter was in the brush strokes & the paint on the canvas
Did not want to compete with the camera, but the viewer should look at his paintings
Music at Tuileries, 1862
Luncheon on the Grass, 1863
Olympia, 1863
Gare Saint-Lazare, 1873
The Bar at the Folies-Bergere, 1882
CLAUDE MONET,1840-1926
Became leader of the Impressionist movement
Span Realism to contemporary Abstract
Loved to work outdoors Fascination with light
Le Dejeuner sur l’Herbe, 1865-1866
Jardin a Sainte-Adresse, 1867
Impression, Sunrise, 1872
Style changed-flat brush strokes gave way to a shimmering effect with colour & light
Use dabs of colour & mixed them on the canvas—technique is called optical mixing became the basis of the Impressionist theories of colour & light
Poppies Blooming, 1873
Woman with Parasol, 1875
Rue Montorgueil, 1878
Rouen Cathedral, Fascade, Sunset, 1892
Bridge Over a Pond of Water Lilies, 1899
Water Lilies, 1914
Water Lilies, 1920
CAMILLE PISSARO, 1830-1903
Born in the West Indies, came to Paris at 25 Years old to be an artist
Favourite subject was street scenes of Paris
The Stage Coach at Louveciennes , 1870
Garden at Pontoise, 1875
PIERRE AUGUSTE RENOIR,1841-1919
1st job was painting nudes in a porcelain factory
1st period: interested in bright effects of light, typical of Impressionists
Nude in the Sun, 1875
Moulin de la Galette, 1876
By the Water, 1880
2nd period: -gave up the effects of
Impressionism & painted solid, carefully defined forms
On the Terrace, 1881
Girl Braiding her Hair, 1885
After the Bath, 1888
3rd period: -tried to unite by combining the
formal; balance of traditional approaches with the shimmering effects of Impressionism
Girls at the Piano, 1892
Artist & His Family, 1895
Woman on the Coach, 1906
4th period: -fingers were crippled with arthritis exaggeration of brushstrokes & more intense colours
Self Portrait, 1910
Bathers, 1918
BERTHE MORISOT,1841-1895
Sister-in-law of Manet
Posed for many of her friends
Subjects were feminine
The Cradle, 1872
Eugene Manet on the Isle of Wright, 1875
EDGAR DEGAS,1834-1917
Began under Ingres
Master of line drawing
1st artists to exhibit sketches
Amateur photographer
Painted in series, ballet, horses
Portrait of the Bellili Family, 1858-1867
At the Dance Class, 1872-1876
New Orleans Cotton Exchange, 1873
Ballet Rehearsal, 1873
Horseracing in Longchamps, 1873-75
At the Races, 1877
Ballet Rehearsal, 1878
MARY CASSETT,1855-1927
Born in the USA, but came to Paris to study the Impressionist
Mothers and children were her favourite subjects
The Boating Party, 1893-1894
JAMES ABBOTT WHISTLER, 1834-1903
American who moved to Paris to study art
Worked in grays & blacks. Used thin glazes of colour to build up grays
Influenced by Japanese prints
Portrait of Whistler with Hat, 1858
Harmony in Blue & Silver, 1865
Arrangement in Gray & Black No. 1: The Artists Mother, 1871
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
By the end of the 19th century Impressionism was changing
Artists such as Renoir, Degas & Monet were exploring new styles
Looked for something more substantial wished to combine the colour & light of Impressionism with design & composition of traditional paintings
PAUL CEZANNE1839-1906
Spent most of his life in Aix
Started with Delacroix, but met Pissarro & adopted is styles
Works refused by the Salon
Painting should remain as flat canvases with paint on them
Portrait of Uncle Dominique, 1867
Self Portrait, 1875
Jas de Bouffan, 1876
The Card Players, 1892
Montagne Sainte-Victoire, 1892
Still Life with a Curtain, 1895
GEORGE SEURAT1859-1891
Sunny pictures Pointillism-result is
grainy
Bathers at Asnieres, 1884
Sunday Afternoon on the Island of Le Grande Jatte,
1884-`1886
HENRI de TOULOUSE-LAUTREC1864-1901
Born into noble family, but became a dwarf at 14
Moved to Paris to paint
Drew caricatures of night life
Moulin-Rouge Poster, 1891
At the Moulin Rouge, 1892
Salon at the Rue des Moulin, 1894
VINCENT VAN GOGH1853-1890
Worked as an art dealer, etc. began painting at 27
Mental depression & was admitted into sanatoriums
Produced over 800 paintings in 10 years
Committed suicide at 37
Lead the movement that became known as Expressionism
Self Portrait, 1887
Still Life: Vase with Twelve Sunflowers, August 1888
The Café Terrace on the Place de Forum, Arles, at Night. September 1888
Starry, Starry Night, June 1889
Entrance of the Hospital, 1889
Portrait of Dr.Gachet, 1890
ARCHITECTURE
Became innovative as structural steel freed up the limitations that allowed architects to go as high as they pleased
1st skyscapers in Chicago in the 1880’s
Lines were simple
The Brookline Bridge, 1869-1883
Eiffel Tower, 1887-1889
MUSIC
Rise of national music, folk songs, & national history provided the inspiration for operas
Era of the travelling performer who played to audiences.
Composers wrote music to amaze the audience
FRANZ LISZT1811-1886
Hungarian composer Over 1200 compositions Innovative piano
compositions based on gypsy music
1st composer to perform solo piano concerts turned the piano sideways, so the audience could see his hands
Taught music in Vienna to 100’s Faust Symphony (1854) Hungarian Rhapsody
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ejXPcv9MS7s
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Russian composer who was educated in Law school, but left to study music
wrote symphonies, operas, ballets & popular concert music, including: Swan Lake, Sleeping Beauty, The Nutcracker, The 1812 Overture
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u2W1Wi2U9sQ
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FY4Y1gTO9HE
RICHARD STRAUSS1864-1949
Wrote symphonic poems & operas-to convey emotions, Don Juan (1888) Thus Spake
Zarathustra (1896)
Don Quixote (1897)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SLuW-GBaJ8khttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_CTYymbbEL4
LITERATURE
A great period for fiction Not content with realist’s aim to
reflect life with accuracy , but to deal with human development & their problems
Prose literature dealt with protests & exposed people as greedy, selfish, combative, etc.
GEORGE BERNARD SHAW1856-1950
Born into poverty in Ireland
Self-educated in economics & politics
Prominent Fabian, expressing views on feminism war, religion & socialism
Considered the greatest dramatist in the English language since Shakespeare won Nobel prize for literature in 1925
Plays included: Mrs. Warren’s Profession
(1893) Arms & the Man (1894) Caesar & Cleopatra
(1898) Man & Superman (1905) Pygmalion (1913) St. Joan (1923)
H.G. WELLS,1866-1946
Studied zoology Fabian Society in
1903 Liberal Democrat
Research Committee for the League of Nations (1918)
Pioneered modern science fiction
Believed in the perfectibility of mankind through evolution
Works included: The Time Machine
(1895) The Island of Dr.
Moreau (1896) The Invisible Man
(1897) The War of the
Worlds (1898) A Modern Utopia
(1905) The New Machiavelli
(1911)