implementing noise compatible land use federal highway administration lesson 1 roadway noise and...
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Implementing Noise Compatible Land Use
Federal Highway Administration
Lesson 1Lesson 1Roadway Noise and FHWA
Guidelines
Roadway Travel
What is Noise?
• Loud Sound
• Annoying, Unwanted Sound
Source: Urbanplanet.org
Source: Wikipedia.com
Negative Effects of Sound
• Lowers the quality of life
• Can impact outside conversation
• May deter some development
• Some studies show harmful health
• effects
Common Noise Levels
• Jet aircraft Uncomfortably 120 dBA take off loud• Lawnmower Moderately 70 dBA Vacuum loud • Library Very quiet 30 dBA
Who’s Responsible?
• Federal Highway Administration Sets National Guidelines
• States Implement Federal and State Guidelines
• Local Governments Enact Land Use Policies
Noise Assessments
• Required as part of NEPA Process
• Determine whether there are sensitive receivers– Computer modeling– Review of land use plans– Aerial photography
Federal Guidelines for Noise Abatement
• 23 CFR Part 772: Procedures for Abatement of Highway Traffic Noise and Construction Noise– “…establish requirements for
information to be given to local officials
for use in the planning and design of highways….”
Section 772.5: Definitions
• Type I (Eligible for FHWA Funding)
– Projects on new location– Physical alteration of horizontal and/or vertical
alignment– Increase in the number of through travel lanes
• Type II (FHWA Will Not Fund; States May)
– A proposed Federal or Federal-aid highway project for noise abatement on an existing highway.
Section 772.13(b)Federal Participation
• Federal funding for Type II projects approved:– For projects approved before 11/28/95– Along lands where development predated
any highway– For areas not previously rejected for a
barrier in a Type I project
FHWA Approach to Roadway Noise
• 3-Part Approach to Traffic Noise Control
– Source Control
– Reduction Measures in Highway
Construction
– Noise Compatible Land Use Planning
Source Control: Noise Sources for Heavy Trucks
Tire Noise
Gears
Engine
Fan
Air Intake
Exhaust
Brakes
Measuring Sound
• Decibels– Are a logarithmic scale– Are based on values of 10
• Sound measurement is weighted to what the human ear can hear (A-weighted)
• Descriptor will be the hourly equivalent sound level (LAeq1h)
The TNM Model
Noise Criteria
• Exterior (residences, schools, parks, and churches)
• Exterior (commercial)
• Interior
Leq 65 dBA
Leq 70 dBA
Leq 50 dBA is used
N C PMitigation Strategies
• Commercial, Retail, Office Uses• Open Space• Thoughtful Orientation of Residential Uses and Materials
Residential
Commercial
Noise Reducing Construction Design
Implementing Noise Compatible Land Use
Federal Highway Administration
Lesson 2Lesson 2
♦♦
Overview Noise Compatible Land Use Planning
Lesson 2: Overview Noise Compatible Planning
■ What Constitutes NCP?
■ Benefits of NCP
■ Potential Hindrances to Implementing NCP
What Constitutes NCP?
NCP addresses potential highway noise before problems occur
Appropriate development that can accommodate roadway noise is encouraged next to highways
Why Talk About Noise Compatible Land Use Planning?
Opportunity Costs
(more roadway and construction $) May Block Light and “Close-
in” Neighborhoods
PURPOSE
Eliminate or Reduce Highway Traffic Noise
• Less Noise Sensitive Land Uses(Commercial, Office, Retail, Industrial)
• Promote Use of Open Space(Walking & Bike Paths, Recreational Uses)
• Reorient Residential w/ Less Sensitive Uses Away from the Roadway
Commercial, Retail, Office
Open Space
Building Orientation or Construction Materials
Setback
Benefits of NCP
Undesirable effects of highway traffic noise are eliminated or reduced by encouraging
less noise sensitive land uses
next to highways
Benefits of NCLUP (cont)
• Proactive planning
• Better quality of life
• Reduces residential complaints
• Future cost savings
• Property value increases
• Promotes public-private shared responsibility
Hindrances to Implementing NCP
OBSTACLES
COST PROHIBITIVE
INTER-GOVERNMENTAL
CONFLICTS
ZONING&
ORIDNANCESCONFLICTS
Role of Leaders and Policy Professionals
Encourage:
• Increased use of NCP strategies
• Educational resources
• Less frequent use of noise walls
Implementing Noise Compatible Land Use
Federal Highway Administration
Lesson 3Lesson 3
Noise Compatible Reduction Techniques – Physical Responses
Lesson 3 - Objective
• Impact of the physical environment on how sound is heard
• Physical strategies applied as part of NCP
Key Terms for Noise Measurements
Source – Noise Emitter
Propagation Medium – Path to the Receiver
Receiver – Location Where Noise Is Assessed
Key Variables Affecting Noise
• Distance
• Topography
Distance Creates A Buffer
Elevated or Depressed Roadways Affect Sound Patterns
Design and Construction Characteristics
• Acoustical Site Planning
• Acoustical Architectural Design
• Acoustical Construction
Acoustical Site Planning
• Provide a buffer zone between roadway and development• Place single story units adjacent to roadway • Ensure that rear yard faces roadway• Provide landscaping & recreational features, i.e. landscaping, earthen berms, winding jogging trails
Single Family with Earth Berm
Acoustical Construction:Double Pane Doors and Windows
“Soundproofing greatlyreduces interior noise
penetration.”
Photos from Van Nuys Airport’s Noise Management Report found at www.lawa.org/vny.htm
Acoustical Construction:Thicker Sound Resistant Walls – No
Highway Side Windows
Acoustical Construction:Thicker Sound Resistant Walls at Rear
with Front Windows
Insulation materials
Acoustic Vinyl Barrier 2lbQUIETBARRIER™
Acoustic Vinyl Barrier 1lb
Lesson 4
Noise Compatible Reduction Techniques-
Policy and Administrative Strategies
Lesson 4 - Objective
Familiarize participants with the variety of tools available to local governments in
support of NCP
Strategies for Municipalities
■ Zoning
(Strongest category of land control)
■ Clustering
■ Plat Notation
Authorities to Mandate Implementation of Noise Compatible
Principles
Local Governments
♦
Municipal Governments
Setbacks and Buffer Zones
Place specific language on legal documents & plats
City of San Antonio’s subdivision plats state:
“For residential development directly adjacent to State right of way, the Developer shall be responsible
for adequate set-back and/or sound
abatement measures for future noise
mitigation.”
Adopt Land Use Compatible Standards Into City Codes
• Building codes
• Landscaping & screening requirements
• Noise ordinance
• Zoning Ordinance
• Comprehensive Plan/General Plan
• Major Thoroughfare Plan
Examples of Communities with Land Use Compatible Planning Practices
CITIES• City of San Antonio• City of Huntington
Beach• City of Gilbert Arizona
STATES• Pennsylvania • Montana• Arizona
Class Conclusion
We Hope You Are Encouraged !
■ Look for opportunities to advise others of options to improve compatibility of roadways and adjacent land uses.
■ Encourage local governments and developers to adopt these strategies.