implementing climate-smart agriculture

31
Implementing Climate- Smart Agriculture Piet van Asten, Climate Change Contact Point IITA

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van Asten P. 2014. Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture. Copenhagen, Denmark: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security. Contents: 1. CCAFS – what we do 2. What is CSA in the African context 3. Best bet CSA technologies 4. CSA services and approaches 5. How can we identify the priorities? 6. Collaborative possibilities

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Page 1: Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture

Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture

Piet van Asten, Climate Change Contact Point IITA

Page 2: Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture

1. CCAFS – what we do

2. What is CSA in the African context

3. Best bet CSA technologies

4. CSA services and approaches

5. How can we identify the priorities?

6. Collaborative possibilities

Page 3: Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture

1. Climate-Smart technologies, practices, and portfolios

3. Low emissions development

4. Policies and institutions for climate-resilient food systems

2. Climate information services and climate-informed safety nets

Page 4: Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture

#1. Outcome orientated• E.g. research measured by

tracking development targets not publications

• Well developed theories of change

#2. Partnership focussed• Involves all 15 CGIAR

Centres and non-CGIAR Centres

• Development partners are crucial for success

#3. Major focus on gender and social inequality• 10% of the budget to make

sure that technologoes and approaches empower marginalised groups and women

Page 5: Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture

Inve

stm

ent

Working with partners to change opinions and worldviews

Working with partners to

understand what works

Working with partners to make

it happen

Research evidencePolicy and

Institutional Change

CSA implementation

#4. Part of the development process

Page 6: Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture

2. What is Climate-Smart Agriculture?

Page 7: Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture

services

Climate-smart agriculture (CSA)

landscapes

crops

livestock

fish

food system

policies

peatlands

seascapes

forests

Page 8: Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture

3. Best bet CSA technologies – EXAMPLES

Highly context specific

Page 9: Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture

•Increased income Enhanced food security

•Diversification Decreases drought impacts

•More carbon in the system

Coffee-banana intercropping

Page 10: Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture

Keep flooded for 1st 15 days and at Flowering Irrigate when water drops to15 cm below the surface

Summer/ Autumn

Winter/ Spring

30% water

20-50% GHG

Without compromising yield

Alternate-Wetting-and-Drying (AWD)

Page 11: Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture

Principles: 1. Minimum soil 2. Retention of crop

residues or other soil surface cover

3. Use of crop rotations

Conservation Agriculture

Page 12: Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture

Reduces soil erosion by up to 80%

Reduces loss of soil organic carbon

Buffers against drought

Country Area under

CA (1000 ha)CA as % of arable land*

Zimbabwe 332 8.3%

Zambia 200 5.6%

Mozambique 152 2.7%

Malawi 65 1.7%

Kenya 33 0.6%

Tanzania 25 0.2%

Source: FAO Conservation Agriculture Program and FAOSTAT, 2014

Conservation Agriculture

Page 13: Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture

Conservation Agriculture – tailoring to social context

Farmer type 1 – hand hoes

Farmer type 2 – ox ploughs

Step 1 Planting basins or pointed stick for planting directly into residues

Tillage only in narrow furrows

Some form of mechanical weeding or introduce herbicides if market available

Step 2 Graduate from hand hoes to jab planters if market can supply, or access contracting services

Replace plough with no-till direct seeders

Jab plantersPhoto: J. Kienzle/FAO

No-till direct seederPhoto: T. Lumpkin/CIMMYT

Planting basinsPhoto: ICRISAT

Tillage in narrow furrowsPhoto: CFU

Page 14: Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture

NIGERBringing back the Sahel’s ‘underground forest’

5 million ha of land restored, over 200 million trees re-established

•Additional half a million tonnes of grain per year

•Reduces drought impacts

•Sequestration of carbon in soil and trees

Page 15: Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture

AFRICADrought-tolerant maize boosts food security

DTMA has developed 100 new varieties released across 13 countries; 2 million smallholders•Yields up to 35% more grain

•Resilience to drought

• Reduces need to use more land

Page 16: Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture

2010/11 2012 20130

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Not introduced any new animal types or breeds

Introduced 1 or 2 new animal types and/or new breeds

Introduced 3 or more new animal types and/or new breeds

Perc

enta

ge H

Hs

n=140 n=320

Pure Red Maasai Sheep and Red Maasai Sheep Crosses

Pure Galla goats and Galla goat crosses

n=200

Hardy Animals in Nyando, Climate-Smart Villages, KenyaOutcomes, 2011 to 2013; ILRI and partners

• (33%) more HHs introduced 3 or more new animal types in 2012 compared to (20%) in 2013 I relation to the baseline year of 2010/11.• In 2013, 61% of households applied the changes to resilient galla goats (tolerate heat, fast growth rate, mature early) as compared to

(48%) to the hardy Red Maasai sheep (tolerate heat, better withstand parasite load, fast growth rate).• Adoption of these changes has led to an increase, adding nearly 1,000 improved crosses to the local small ruminant population in 7

villages in Nyando

Page 17: Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture

4. CSA services and approaches

Page 18: Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture

Seasonal weather forecasts in Senegal

15 community radio stations 2 million farmers get forecastsbetter food security outcomes

Page 19: Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture

Index-based insurance

• Allows for rapid pay-outs when the level of a weather indicator hits a certain value

• Needs good local weather data• Can be linked to input markets (e.g. Insurance

paid on input purchases)• Can be cell phone linked (pyaments and

payouts)

Page 20: Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture

Index-based insurance

Climate information

services

Climate-smart

technologies

Local adaptation

plans

• Learning sites• Multiple partners

• Policy• Private sector• Development

initiatives

Climate-smart villages

Page 21: Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture

Local adaptation planning: One women’s present is another women’s future

1. Identify climate analogues

2. Farmer-to-farmer visits

Page 22: Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture

Getting the message out: ag advisories

19951999

20032007

20112015

20192023

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Food demandGrain yield per haGDP Cell phone penetration

Rel

ative

201

2 =

100%

Global Harvest Initiative 2013FAOSTATWorld Bank/Standard CharteredGSMA/Deloitte

Sub-Saharan Africa

Page 23: Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture
Page 24: Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture

5. How can identify the priorities

Page 25: Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture

Prioritisation process being tested

in Mali

Page 26: Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture

Agroforestry

Manure Management

Pasture Management

Integrated Nutrient

ManagementINM

Compendium Information at present…

+ Location (coordinates, country, temp., agroecological zone)+ System / treatment (Confinement, pasture, comprehensive,)18

23

54

73

168

+ Livestock (Dairy cattle, swine, coats, poultry, etc)+ Gases Values (Gg CO2eq, GgN2O, Biogas m3)

+ Location (coordinates, country, temp., agroecological zone)+ System/ treatments (pasture, integrated, economic condition, etc)+ Livestock (type, number, landholding)+Gases/Fertilizers (inputs fertilization, C sequestered /emission)

+ Location (coordinates, country, temp., MAP)+ Soil (classification, texture, % sand/clay/silt )+ Food production (test crop, yield Kg/ha)+ Gases emissions (kind, net balance)

+ Location (coordinates, country, agroecological zone)+ AFS (associated species, soil parameters )+ Physical resilience (indicator and Quantity )

Page 27: Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture

Country profiles

Page 28: Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture

CSA Practice Briefs

Page 29: Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture

6. Collaborative possibilities

Page 30: Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture

• To be a knowledge partner on major development initiatives

• To listen so we do the research that matters to you

• How can we back-stop development efforts?• What are your priority needs for moving CSA

forward?

Our vision

Our questions

Page 31: Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture

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