implementation plan of climate observing system in china (gcos-china) renhe zhang chinese academy of...
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Implementation Plan of
Climate Observing System in China
(GCOS-China)
Renhe Zhang
Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences
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Outline
★ Climate related Observing Systems in China
★ Principles in designing GCOS-China
★ Implementation plan for GCOS-China
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• Observing System Operated by China Meteorological Administration (CMA)
• Observing System Operated by China Forestry Administration (CFA)
• Observing System Operated by China Ministry of Water Resources (MWR)
• Observing System Operated by China Environmental Protection Administration (CEPA)
• Observing System Operated by China State Oceanic Administration (SOA)
• Observing System Operated by Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Multi-Observing Systems in China
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• Observing System Operated by China Meteorological Administration
• Observing System Operated by China Forestry Administration
• Observing System Operated by China Ministry of Water Resources
• Observing System Operated by China Environmental Protection Administration
• Observing System Operated by China State Oceanic Administration
• Observing System Operated by Chinese Academy of Sciences
Multi-Observing Systems in China
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GAW and Acid Rain Network of CMA
Acid rain stations
Regional GAW stations
Global GAW station
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Radiation Observation Stations (98 stations)
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Basic Stations (577 stations)
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Dopler Radar (97 stations)
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Reference Stations
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Basic Stations
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Upper Air Sounding Stations
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About 1606 AWSs have been installed by the end of April, 2004
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The sand/dust-storm monitoring network (stage I ) with the solar spectrometers and deposit gauges
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China agri-meteorological observational stations (584 stations)
216 observational stations, observed from 1980
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Sunphotometer station distribution of dust storm observational network
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850 KM
35 800 KmSUBSATELLITE POINT
GOMS (Russian Federation)
76E
METEOSAT
(EUMETSAT) 63 E
GMS (J apan)
140E
FY-2 (China)
105E
GOES-E (USA) 75W
TIROS (USA)
GOES-W (USA) 135W
GE
OST
ATIO
NARY ORBIT
METEOR (Russian Federation)
Pola
r orbit
METEOSAT
(EUMETSAT) 0 Longitude
(China)FY-1
The Space Based Global Observing System, 2000A Combination of Geostationary and Polar Orbiting Satellites
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FY-1 Series
• FY-1C was launched on May 10, 1999.
• FY-1D was launched on May 15, 2002.
• With the direct broadcasting function and the satellite data can be used worldwide
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FY-1C/1D Operation
West Coast of USA
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CompositeImagery ofAntarcticRegion byFY-1C GDPTChannel 1,2,3.
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Global Multi-Orbit Mosaic Image
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FY-2 Series
• FY-2 series consist of 5 satellites.• FY-2A & FY-2B were launched in 1997 and
2000 respectively, with a 3-channel radiometer onboard.
• FY-2C and FY-2D were launched in 2003 and 2006, respectively.
• FY-2E will be launched in 2009.• FY-2C/D/E have a 5-channel radiometers
onboard.
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FY-2B Met. Sat. Positioned in 105E
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Establishment of the Radiometric Calibration Site for Satellite Sensors in China (Land and Water Body)
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• Observing System Operated by China Meteorological Administration
• Observing System Operated by China Forestry Administration
• Observing System Operated by China Ministry of Water Resources
• Observing System Operated by China Environmental Protection Administration
• Observing System Operated by China State Oceanic Administration
• Observing System Operated by Chinese Academy of Sciences
Multi-Observing Systems in China
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China Forest Ecosystem Stations
Established Forest Station of Forest Ministry
Established Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Draft Forest Station
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• Observing System Operated by China Meteorological Administration
• Observing System Operated by China Forestry Administration
• Observing System Operated by China Ministry of Water Resources
• Observing System Operated by China Environmental Protection Administration
• Observing System Operated by China State Oceanic Administration
• Observing System Operated by Chinese Academy of Sciences
Multi-Observing Systems in China
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China Hydrological Compartments
LEGENDDemarcation line of primary regionsDemarcation line of second regions
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Type of stations Number of stations Remarks
Hydrological Stations
3130Observing water level,rainfall
amount,water quality etc.
Water level stations
1073Observing water level(including
tidewater level)
Rainfall stations 14454 Observing rainfall amount
Water quality stations
3228 Observing water pollution etc.
Groundwater observing well
11620 Observing groundwater level
Evaporation stations
565Observing evaporation in terms
of E-601 evaporation pan
Experiment stations
74 Field observing for special aims
Structure of Hydrological stations network in 2002
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• Observing System Operated by China Meteorological Administration
• Observing System Operated by China Forestry Administration
• Observing System Operated by China Ministry of Water Resources
• Observing System Operated by China Environmental Protection Administration
• Observing System Operated by China State Oceanic Administration
• Observing System Operated by Chinese Academy of Sciences
Multi-Observing Systems in China
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Year Number of Cities
1999 30
2000 42
2001 59
2002 108
2003 109
Major Cities of Atmosphere Quality Automatic Monitoring System
YearDaily
ReportForecast
1999 0 0
2000 42 0
2001 47 47
2002 90 82
2003 109 83
Number of Cities Have Issued Atmosphere Quality Daily
Report and Forecast
State Environment Protection Administration of China
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• Observing System Operated by China Meteorological Administration
• Observing System Operated by China Forestry Administration
• Observing System Operated by China Ministry of Water Resources
• Observing System Operated by China Environmental Protection Administration
• Observing System Operated by China State Oceanic Administration
• Observing System Operated by Chinese Academy of Sciences
Multi-Observing Systems in China
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LEGEND
Marine observation station
central marine station
Marine observation stations along China seacoast
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• Observing System Operated by China Meteorological Administration
• Observing System Operated by China Forestry Administration
• Observing System Operated by China Ministry of Water Resources
• Observing System Operated by China Environmental Protection Administration
• Observing System Operated by China State Oceanic Administration
• Observing System Operated by Chinese Academy of Sciences
Multi-Observing Systems in China
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Composite centerSoil sub-centerMoisture sub-centerAtmosphere sub-centerBiology sub-centerWater sub-center
China Ecological Network Stations of Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Outline
★ Climate related Observing Systems in China
★ Principles in designing GCOS-China
★ Implementation plan for GCOS-China
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Coordinated by the Committee for GCOS China
• National Committee for Developing and Planning (NCDP)• Ministry of Science and technology (MOST)• Ministry of Education (MOE)• Ministry of Agriculture (MOA)• Ministry of Water Resources (MWR)• Ministry of Finance (MOF)• Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA)• China Meteorological Administration (CMA)• State Oceanic Administration (SOA)• China Environmental Protection Administration (CEPA)• China Forestry Administration (CFA)• China Civil Aviation Administration (CAAC)• Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
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To utilize and integrate the existing observing systems in China, improving the observations of the multi-sphere in the climate system and their interactions.
To cooperate among multi-department, building a climate observing system according to the same standard, instrument, precision, observing time, etc.
To built a platform for data exchange and share of data.
To choose regions of different underlying surface, monitoring the interaction among multi-sphere and satisfying the development of climate model.
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Outline
★ Climate related Observing Systems in China
★ Principles in designing GCOS-China
★ Implementation plan for GCOS-China
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TibetanPlateau
Glacier,hydrology
Desert
Baselineecology
Diversityecology
Basin Economic area
Forest ecology,Plain agro-ecology
grassland
economicarea
Lake water system
Agro-ecology
coastalocean area
Feature for Each Area
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CMAClimate Observatory (249stns)
CEPARegional Environment Observatory
(340stns,113reblt)
MWRRegional Hydrology
Observatory (143stns, increasing 77stns)
SOA
Regional Oceanic
Observatory (21stns)
CFARegional EcologyObservatory (37stns)
Total China
GCOS Stations
Regional ecology Observatory (25stns)CAS
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