implementation of weather monitoring system · and also in a room can be done by using the weather...

Implementation of Weather MonitoringSystem

Kiranmai Nandagiri1 and Jhansi Rani Mettu2

11Assistant Professor,Department of CSE,

Bhoj Reddy Engineering College for [email protected]

22Assistant Professor,Department of CSE,

Bhoj Reddy Engineering College for [email protected]

January 14, 2018

Abstract

In human life weather monitoring plays an importantrole, as the data collection related to dynamically changingweather conditions are important. It is very important tomonitor weather in packaging industry during certain haz-ards. The monitoring of weather parameters in an industryand also in a room can be done by using the weather mon-itoring system. The design of such a system is discussed inthis paper. The weather monitoring system contains DHTsensor by which temperature and humidity will be moni-tored. The data from the sensors are collected by the mi-cro controller and also micro controller sends the sensorsdata in to the Arduino Software (IDE) by using the SerialCommunication. The system is used for maintaining thetemperature and humidity in a room. It is going to sensetemperature and humidity of targeted area not city or vil-lage.

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International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsVolume 118 No. 16 2018, 477-493ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)url: http://www.ijpam.euSpecial Issue ijpam.eu

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Key Words : Weather monitoring, packaging industry,micro controller, sensors and Arduino.

1 Introduction

Meteorological parameters are measured by using an automatedweather station using sensors without intervention of humans. Themeasured parameters can be stored in a built-in data logger orcan be transmitted to a remote location via a communication link.The data is stored in a data logger. The recorded data can bephysically downloaded to a computer at a later time for furtherprocessing. The communication system is an essential elementin an automated weather station. A variety of facilities and op-tions are available in automated weather stations which are avail-able as commercial products [1]. A weather station is a facilityequipped with high-tech instruments for predicting future weatherphenomenon. This is also used to study the climate of that area.The measurements taken from the station include temperature,pressure, humidity, wind speed, precipitation. The accuracy pre-dicted by these weather stations is not too high to predict the ac-tual weather condition for a particular area. The error differencemay be around 10% which makes a huge difference [2]. To bringdown the cost of maintaining weather stations in remote parts ofSri Lanka automated weather stations were be built and not muchemphasis has been given for building and using such instrumentslocally. Universities have developed automated weather stations byinterfacing meteorological parameter monitoring sensors to micro-computer/commercially available data loggers with communicationdevices or through serial and parallel ports to obtain hard copiesof weather data. Recently, the University of Colombo developedan automated weather station with USB communication facilityand a built-in data logging facility. The system used wired com-munication to transfer data to the monitoring station through thecomputers built-in USB interface. The present work is a furtherextension of the earlier developments. The main objective of thiswork is to develop a standalone modular weather station with a re-mote communication facility to capture and transmit meteorologi-cal parameters. Remotely monitoring of environmental parameters

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is important in various applications and industrial processes. In thepast, weather monitoring systems are generally based on mechani-cal, electromechanical instruments which suffer from the drawbackslike poor rigidity, need of human intervention, associated parallaxerrors and durability. By making use of sensors for indoor cli-mate and environment Kang and Park have developed monitoringsystems in the year 2000. A better approach for temperature andrelative humidity monitoring with data acquisition system has beendeveloped in 2005. Vlassov in 1993 introduces the usage of surfaceacoustic waves devices as temperature sensor. This reason lead tothe development of a microcontroller based embedded system forweather monitoring. Such a system should monitor and providedata for remote examination. The collected data by weather mon-itoring system can easily be exported to a PC via a serial port tomake subsequent data analysis or graphic and digital storage thusautomatic data collection is possible by making use of PC resources[1].

The rest of this paper is organized as follows. In section 2, typesof sensors are described. System model is explained in explainedin section 3. System Software and Components required are ex-plained in section 4. Experimental Results are discussed in section5. Conclusion is given in section 6.

2 Types of Sensors

Sensor is a device which gives an output by detecting the changes inquantities or events can be defined as a sensor. Generally, sensorsproduce an electrical signal or optical output signal correspondingto the changes in the inputs. There are different types of sensors,for example, consider a thermocouple which can be considered astemperature sensor that produces an output voltage based on theinput temperature changes.

Sensors are sophisticated devices that are frequently used to de-tect and respond to electrical or optical signals. A Sensor convertsthe physical parameter (for example: temperature, blood pressure,humidity, speed, etc.) into a signal which can be measured electri-cally. The mercury in the glass thermometer expands and contractsthe liquid to convert the measured temperature which can be read

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by a viewer on the calibrated glass tube.

Classification of Sensors

The sensors are classified into the following criteria:

1. Primary Input quantity (Measurand)

2. Transduction principles (Using physical and chemical effects)

3. Material and Technology

4. Property

5. Application

Transduction principle is the fundamental criteria which are fol-lowed for an efficient approach. Usually, material and technologycriteria are chosen by the development engineering group.

Classification based on property is as given below:

Temperature - Thermistors, thermocouples, RTDs, IC and manymore.

Pressure - Fibre optic, vacuum, elastic liquid based manometers,LVDT.

Flow - Electromagnetic, differential pressure, positional displace-ment, thermal mass, etc.

Level Sensors - Differential pressure, ultrasonic radio frequency,radar, thermal displacement, etc.

Proximity and displacement - LVDT, photoelectric, capacitive,magnetic, ultrasonic.

Biosensors - Resonant mirror, electrochemical, surface Plasmonresonance, Light addressable potentio-metric.

Image - Charge coupled devices, CMOS

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Gas and chemical - Semiconductor, Infrared, Conductance, Elec-trochemical.

Acceleration - Gyroscopes, Accelerometers.

Others - Moisture, humidity sensor, Speed sensor, mass, Tilt sen-sor, force, viscosity.

All types of sensors can be basically classified into analog sensorsand digital sensors. But, there are a few types of sensors such astemperature sensors, IR sensors, ultrasonic sensors, pressure sen-sors, proximity sensors, and touch sensors are frequently used inmost of the electronics applications.

Types of sensors:

1. Temperature Sensor

2. IR Sensor

3. Ultrasonic Sensor

4. Proximity Sensors

5. Pressure Sensor

6. Level Sensors

7. Smoke and Gas Sensors

8. Touch Sensor

9. Humidity and Temperature Sensor

1. Temperature Sensor

Fig 1.2.1 Temperature sensor

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Temperature is one of the most commonly measured envi-ronmental quantity for different reasons. There are differenttypes of temperature sensors that can measure temperature,such as thermocouple, thermistors, semiconductor tempera-ture sensors, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), andso on. Based on the requirement, different types of sensorsare used for measuring temperature in different applications.

2. IR Sensor

Fig 1.2.2 IR sensor

The small photo chips having a photocell which are used toemit and detect the infrared light are called as IR sensors.IR sensors can be used for detecting stacles of robotic vehicleand thus control the direction of the robotic vehicle. Thereare different types of sensors which can be used for detectinginfrared lights.

3. Ultrasonic Sensor

Fig 1.2.3 Ultrasonic Sensor

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A transducer that works on the principle similar to the sonaror radar and estimate attributes of the target by interpret-ing is called as ultrasonic sensors or transceivers. There aredifferent types of sensors that are classified as active and pas-sive ultrasonic sensors that can be differentiated based on theworking of sensors.

4. Proximity Sensors

Fig 1.2.4 Proximity Sensors

A proximity sensor often emits an electromagnetic field ora beam of Electromagnetic radiation (infrared, for instance),and looks for changes in the field or return signal. The objectbeing sensed is often referred to as the proximity sensor’starget. Different proximity sensor targets demand differentsensors. For example, a capacitive or photoelectric sensormight be suitable for a plastic target; an inductive proximitysensor always requires a metal target.

5. Pressure Sensor

Fig 1.2.5 Pressure Sensor

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A pressure sensor is a device for pressure measurement ofgases or liquids. Pressure is an expression of the force requiredto stop a fluid from expanding, and is usually stated in termsof force per unit area. A pressure sensor usually acts as atransducer; it generates a signal as a function of the pressureimposed.

6. Level Sensors

Fig 1.2.6 Level Sensors

Level sensors detect the level of liquids and other fluids andfluidized solids, including slurries, granular materials, andpowders that exhibit an upper free surface. Substances thatflow become essentially horizontal in their containers (or otherphysical boundaries) because of gravity whereas most bulksolids pile at an angle of repose to a peak. The substance tobe measured can be inside a container or can be in its naturalform (e.g., a river or a lake). The level measurement can beeither continuous or point values. Continuous level sensorsmeasure level within a specified range and determine the ex-act amount of substance in a certain place, while point-levelsensors only indicate whether the substance is above or belowthe sensing point. Generally the latter detect levels that areexcessively high or low.

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7. Smoke and Gas Sensors

Fig 1.2.7 Smoke and Gas Sensors

A smoke detector is a device that senses smoke, typically as anindicator of fire. Commercial security devices issue a signal toa fire alarm control panel as part of a fire alarm system, whilehousehold smoke detectors, also known as smoke alarms, gen-erally issue a local audible or visual alarm from the detectoritself.

8. Touch Sensor

Fig 1.2.8 Touch Sensor

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Touch sensors can be defined as switches that are activated bythe touch. There are different types of touch sensors that areclassified based on type of touch such as capacitance touchswitch, resistance touch switch, and piezo touch switch.

9. Humidity and Temperature Sensor

Fig 1.2.9 Humidity and Temperature Sensor

DHT11 is a Humidity and Temperature Sensor, which gener-ates calibrated digital output. DHT11 can be interface withany microcontroller like Arduino, Raspberry Pi, etc. and getinstantaneous results. DHT11 is a low cost humidity and tem-perature sensor which provides high reliability and long termstability.

3 System Model

The system mainly is used for maintaining the temperature and hu-midity in a room. Whether it is the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, foodor consumer goods industry, packaging requirements are as variedas the products we deal with every day. The system developed canbe used to sense the temperature and humidity, so that the appro-priate temperature can be maintained as per the requirements inan industry. Temperature and humidity can be maintained in aroom by using this system. With this system we can monitor theroom temperature and humidity to our comfort. People who suf-fer from asthma need temperature and humidity on certain range.The new born or old age people also prefer to have temperature

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and humidity in particular range. It is going to sense tempera-ture and humidity of targeted area not city or village. By this waywe get specific results regarding environmental factors like temper-ature and humidity. The system developed is cost effective andall the parameters are uniquely identifiable through the embeddedcomputing system.

4 Circuit Diagram

The following circuit diagram shows all the necessary connectionsrequired to implement the system.

Fig 1.3.1 Circuit Diagram

The Arduino Uno board is connected to the CPU by using datacable. DHT 11 temperature and humidity sensor is placed on thebread board. The sensor is again connected to the Arduino Unoboard by using connecting wires which is a serial communication.Then upload the required program in Arduino Software and thetemperature and humidity readings are displayed on the serial mon-itor which are shown in the experimental results section.

5 System Software and Components re-

quired

This System can be developed using Arduino IDE and hardwarecomponents. The hardware components required for developmentof the system are:

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i. Arduino Uno Board.

ii. Data cable.

iii. Power source.

iv. DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor.

v. Bread board

vi. Connecting wires

Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electron-ics projects. Arduino consists of both a physical programmablecircuit board (often referred to as a microcontroller) and a piece ofsoftware, or IDE (Integrated Development Environment) that runson your computer, used to write and upload computer code to thephysical board.

The Arduino platform has become quite popular with peoplejust starting out with electronics, and for good reason. Unlike mostprevious programmable circuit boards, the Arduino does not needa separate piece of hardware (called a programmer) in order toload new code onto the board you can simply use a USB cable.Additionally, the Arduino IDE uses a simplified version of C++,making it easier to learn to program. Finally, Arduino provides astandard form factor that breaks out the functions of the micro-controller into a more accessible package.

Arduino is a single-board microcontroller meant to make theapplication more accessible which are interactive objects and itssurroundings. The hardware features with an open-source hardwareboard designed around an 8-bit Atmel AVR microcontroller or a 32-bit Atmel ARM. Current models consists a USB interface, 6 analoginput pins and 14 digital I/O pins that allows the user to attachvarious extension boards.

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Fig 1.4.1 Arduino Uno Board

DHT11 is a Humidity and Temperature Sensor, which gener-ates calibrated digital output. DHT11 can be interface with anymicrocontroller like Arduino, Raspberry Pi, etc. and get instan-taneous results. DHT11 is a low cost humidity and temperaturesensor which provides high reliability and long term stability.

Fig 1.4.2 DHT11 Sensor

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6 Experimental Results

The Arduino Uno board is connected to the CPU by using datacable. DHT 11 temperature and humidity sensor is placed on thebread board. The sensor is again connected to the Arduino Unoboard by using connecting wires which is a serial communication.Then upload the required program in Arduino Software (IDE) andthe temperature and humidity readings are displayed on the serialmonitor which are shown in the screen shots below. The environ-mental monitoring data sensors monitor the temperature and hu-midity. The hardware screen shot and temperature and humidityreadings are shown below. Temperature and humidity can be main-tained in a room by using this system. With this we can monitorthe room temperature and humidity to our comfort. It is going tosense temperature and humidity of targeted area not city or village.

Fig 1.5.1 Hardware Screen shot

Fig 1.5.2 Temperature and Humidity

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Fig 1.5.3 Temperature and Humidity in excel sheet

The recorded humidity and temperature data can be stored inexcel sheet. The temperature is sensed as 30 degree Celsius and 32degree Celsius. The humidity is sensed as 63% and 64% (RelativeHumidity). The development of a Microcontroller based embeddedsystem for weather monitoring helps us to gather the parameterslike temperature and humidity. These can be stored in excel sheetand can be further used for processing.

7 Conclusion

The proposed system senses the room temperature and humidityafter some intervals. The system mainly is used for maintaining thetemperature and humidity in a room. It can also be used in packag-ing industry where weather monitoring plays crucial role. Whetherit is the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, food or consumer goods indus-try, packaging requirements are as varied as the products we dealwith every day. Temperature and humidity can be sensed in a roomor an industry by using this system. People who suffer from asthmaor the new born or old age people prefer to have temperature andhumidity in particular range. It is going to sense temperature andhumidity of targeted area not city or village. By this way we getspecific results regarding environmental factors like temperatureand humidity. The system developed is cost effective and all theparameters are uniquely identifiable through the embedded com-puting system. The system can be further modified as a system

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which senses the room temperature and humidity after some inter-vals and communicates it to the IoT analytics platform service infuture. This information can be accessed via android app. As afurther part, one can control to switch the A.C. on/off. It takes in-formation about the surrounding environment through sensors anduploads it directly to the internet, where it can be accessed anytimeand anywhere through internet.

References

[1] P.Susmitha, G. Sowmyabala, Design and Implementation ofWeather Monitoring and Controlling System, InternationalJournal of Computer Applications.

[2] Parijit Kedia, Localised Weather Monitoring System, Interna-tional Journal of Engineering Research and General Science.

[3] Tarun Kumar Das, Yudhajit Das , Design of A Room Temper-ature And Humidity Controller Using Fuzzy Logic, AmericanJournal of Engineering Research.

[4] Ashish Sharma, Gaurav Tiwari, Durvijay Singh, Low cost So-lution for Temperature and Humidity monitoring and controlSystem using Touch Screen Technology, International Journalof Latest Research in Engineering and Technology.

[5] Revathi S, L.Vineetha, K.Lakshmi Ramya, N. Siva KumaranIntelligent Monitoring and Control of Greenhouse Environ-ment, International Journal of Engineering Technology Scienceand Research.

[6] Adil Hamid Malik, Aaqib jalal, Bilal Ahmed Par ray, Meenakohli Smart City IoT Based Weather Monitoring System,IJESC.

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