Synopsis on

Implementation of Intelligent WAN (Wide Area Network)

Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Degree

of Bachelor of Technology

in

Computer Science

Submitted by:

Jatin Singh Kushwaha

Univ. Roll no.-1250411

IMPLEMENTATION OF INTELLIGENT WAN (WIDE AREA NETWORK)

(Using EIGRP AND MPLS ROTUING TECHNOLOGY)

Introduction:

A wide area network (WAN) is a telecommunications network or computer network that extends over a large geographical distance. Wide area networks are often established with leased telecommunication circuits.

Business, education and government entities use wide area networks to relay data among staff, students, clients, buyers, and suppliers from various geographical locations. In essence, this mode of telecommunication allows a business to effectively carry out its daily function regardless of location. The Internet may be considered a WAN.

Objective:

Today most of the network is highly influenced by network traffic. This makes the network very slow and sometimes result in bottleneck situations. A common source of infections is when users or customers unknowingly click links to malicious websites which result in unexpected network traffic.

So this project illustrates the new technology (MPLS and EIGRP) in the field of routing which result in faster convergence and reduce the overhead traffic by speeding the overall routing.

Scope:

As the world is becoming more globally a village. Every single individual needs internet. By using the routing technology in this project, the overall traffic will be would be distributed to different routers. Hence, increasing overall the speed of the network.

PROJECT CATEGORY

NETWORKING

What is network?

A network is a group of two or more computer systems linked together. There are many types of computer networks, including the following:1. local-area networks (LANs): The computers are geographically close together (that is, in the same building).2. wide-area networks (WANs): The computers are farther apart and are connected by telephone lines or radio waves.3. campus-area networks (CANs): The computers are within a limited geographic area, such as a campus or military base.4. metropolitan-area networks MANs): A data network designed for a town or city.5. home-area networks (HANs): A network contained within a user's home that connects a person's digital devices.

Hardware and software used:

Hardware:

1.Cisco 2900 series router

The Cisco 2911 Integrated Services Router (ISR) delivers highly secure data, voice, video,

and application service. Key features include:

3 integrated 10/100/1000 Ethernet ports (RJ-45 only)

4 enhanced high-speed WAN interface card slots

2 onboard digital signal processor (DSP) slots

Fully integrated power distribution to modules supporting 802.3af Power over Ethernet (PoE) and Cisco Enhanced PoE

Security

Embedded hardware-accelerated VPN encryption for secure connectivity and collaborative communications Integrated threat control using Cisco IOS Firewall, Cisco IOS Zone-Based Firewall, Cisco IOS IPS, and Cisco IOS Content Filtering

Identity management using authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) and public key infrastructure

2.Cisco 3650 series Switch

24 and 48 10/100/1000 data and PoE+ ports to power your access points and other devices, with energy-efficient Ethernet (EEE)

3 fixed-uplink models with 4 x 1 Gigabit Ethernet, 2 x 10 Gigabit Ethernet, or 4 x 10 Gigabit Ethernet ports

11.62 in.-deep switches (select SKUs) with reduced noise for deployment in tight wiring closets

Optional Cisco StackWise-160 technology to provide scalability and resiliency with 160 Gbps of stack throughput

Enhanced security with support for Flexible Net Flow, Cisco TrustSec, and MACsec encryption

Enterprise-class Layer 2 and 3 switching with QoS

Cisco Application Visibility and Control for better network capacity management and planning

Dual redundant, modular power supplies and three modular fans

Software used:

Graphical Network Simulator (GNS3)

GNS3 works by using real Cisco IOS images which are emulated using a program called Dynamips.

GNS3 is really like the GUI part of the overall product. With this GUI, users get an easy to use

interface that allows them to build complex labs consisting of a variety of supported Cisco routers.

The program that does the real job of emulating the routers using real IOS images is Dynamips.

Most people refer to this as the back-end to the whole operation where as Dynagen is referred to

as the front-end. This is mainly because Dynagen communicates with Dynamips using a

Hypervisor -- all this put together helps to make the configuration process simpler.

Now, take this added usability and throw in the GUI provided by GNS3, and you've gotten yourself a

really powerful, easy to use simulator.

Routing Technologies Used:

This how GNS3 looks like…

1. Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)

Cisco IOS Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) enables Enterprises and Service Providers to build next-generation intelligent networks that deliver a wide variety of advanced, value-added services over a single infrastructure. This economical solution can be integrated seamlessly over any existing infrastructure, such as IP, Frame Relay, ATM, or Ethernet. Subscribers with differing access links can be aggregated on an MPLS edge without changing their current environments, as MPLS is independent of access technologies.

Integration of MPLS application components, including Layer 3 VPNs, Layer 2 VPNs, Traffic Engineering, QoS, GMPLS, and IPV6 enable the development of highly efficient, scalable, and secure networks that guarantee Service Level Agreements.

Cisco IOS MPLS delivers highly scalable, differentiated, end-to-end IP services with simple configuration, management, and provisioning for providers and subscribers. A wide range of platforms support this solution, which is essential for both Service Provider and Enterprise networks.

In MPLS, the IP packets are encapsulated with these labels by the first MPLS device they encounter as they enter the network. The MPLS edge router analyses the contents of the IP header and selects an appropriate label with which to encapsulate the packet. Part of the great power of MPLS comes from the fact that, in contrast to conventional IP routing, this analysis can be based on more than just the destination address carried in the IP header. At all the subsequent nodes within the network the MPLS label, and not the IP header, is used to make the forwarding decision for the packet. Finally, as MPLS labeled packets leave the network, another edge router removes the labels.

In MPLS terminology, the packet handling nodes or routers are called Label Switched Routers (LSRs). The derivation of the term should be obvious; MPLS routers forward packets by making switching decisions based on the MPLS label. This illustrates another of the key concepts in MPLS. Conventional IP routers contain routing tables which are looked up using the IP header from a packet to decide how to forward that packet. These tables are built by IP routing protocols (e.g., RIP or OSPF) which carry around IP reachability information in the form of IP addresses. In practice, we find that forwarding (IP header lookup) and control planes (generation of the routing tables) are tightly coupled. Since MPLS forwarding is based on labels it is possible to cleanly separate the (label-based) forwarding plane from the routing protocol control plane. By separating the two, each can be modified independently. With such a separation, we don't need to change the forwarding machinery, for example, to migrate a new routing strategy into the network.

There are two broad categories of LSR. At the edge of the network, we require high performance packet classifiers that can apply (and remove) the requisite labels: we call these

MPLS edge routers. Core LSRs need to be capable of processing the labeled packets at extremely high bandwidths.

This is an abstract of the MPLS article contained in techguide.com. The complete article examines MPLS and the opportunities it offers to users and also to the service providers who are designing and engineering the next generation of IP networks. It also describes why new carrier-class edge devices will become a key component in the provisioning of future network services.

2.ENHANCED INTERIOR GATEWAY ROUTING PROTOCOL (EIGRP)

Enhanced Interior Gateway Protocol (EIGRP) is a proprietary hybrid routing protocol developed by Cisco Systems. EIGRP uses the same distance vector algorithm and distance information as IGRP. However, as its name implies, EIGRP has been enhanced in convergence properties and operating efficiency over IGRP. Principally, EIGRP has been enhanced to use more advanced features to avoid routing loops and to speed convergence time. In addition, EIGRP transmits the subnet mask for each routing entry, enabling EIGRP to support features such as VLSM and route summarization.

EIGRP FeaturesEIGRP provides advanced features over its predecessors IGRP and RIP:

Increased network width— With IP RIP, the largest possible width of your network is 15 hops. When IP EIGRP is enabled, the largest possible width is 224 hops.

Fast convergence— EIGRP uses an algorithm called the Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL). This algorithm guarantees loop-free operation at every instant throughout a route computation and allows all routers involved in a topology change to synchronize at the same time. Routers that are not affected by topology changes are not involved in recomputations. DUAL provides a system for routers to not only calculate the best current route to each subnet, but also to calculate alternative routes that could be used if the current route fails. The alternate route, called the feasible successor route, is guaranteed to be loop-free, so convergence can happen quickly. Because of DUAL, the convergence time of EIGRP rivals that of other existing routing protocols.

Partial updates— EIGRP sends incremental updates when the state of a destination changes, instead of sending the entire contents of the routing table. This feature reduces the bandwidth required for EIGRP packets and also reduces CPU processing.

Neighbor-discovery mechanism— This is a simple hello mechanism used to learn about neighboring routers. It is protocol-independent.

VLSM and route summarization— EIGRP supports variable-length subnet masks and route summarization.

Automatic redistribution— Because IGRP and EIGRP share the same metrics, IP IGRP routes can be automatically redistributed into EIGRP, and IP EIGRP routes can be automatically redistributed into IGRP. If desired, you can turn off redistribution.

BAISC CONFIGURATION on ROUTERS:

1. MPLS On router1

router>enablerouter #configure terminalrouter(configure)#ip cef

router (configure) #ip vrf vpn1

router (configure)#rd 100:1

router (configure)# route-target export 100:1

router (configure)#route-target import 100:1

On router 2Router > enableRouter # configure terminalRouter(configure)#ip cefRouter(configure)#ip vrf vpn1Router(configure)#rd 100:1Router(configure)#route-target export 100:1Router(configure)#route-target import 100:1

Basic MPLS Configurations on the 2 routers

2.EIGRP

On router 1router>enablerouter #configure terminalrouter(configure)# router eigrp 10router(config-router) #network 10.0.0.0router(config-router) #network 1.0.0.0

On router 2

router>enablerouter #configure terminalrouter(configure)# router eigrp 100router(config-router) #network 1.0.0.0router(config-router) #network 10.0.0.0

Basic EIGRP configurations on the 2 routers

MAIN PROJECT SCREENSHOT OF IMPLEMENTATION OF INTELLIGENT WIDE AREA NETWORK(WAN)

RESOURCES

The following are the actually list of some high end routers and switches which are capable of implementing the new protocols like MPLS and EIGRP.

Switching and Routing

Cisco Catalyst 4503-E and 3650 Switch at head office

Cisco 4451-X Integrated Services Router at head office

Cisco 2911 Integrated Services Router at sites.

LIMITATIONS:

Basically the project is only a demonstration of implementing and managing the WAN. Most companies cannot implement the above required resources because of the cost that these devices demand.

The above mentioned devices are the best industry solutions for the data traffic problems but the company must financially strong to meet these needs. However, small companies do no purchase these systems as they only borrow services from bigger companies.so the overall limitation is financial support to buy these products.

Caution:

While handling these devices, the network engineer must have experience on enterprise level of handling the network, so while configuring these devices does not create a mess.

FUTURE SCOPE:

The routing technology that are mention in this project are the newly solutions to the data traffic problems. The enterprise companies which implements these technologies does not need to switch to any other technology for the next 15 years. The network will be

Scalable Less traffic prone Resilient Cost saving