implementation of innovative in situ biotreatment technology at nwirp mcgregor, texas mike...
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Implementation of Innovative Implementation of Innovative In Situ Biotreatment Technology In Situ Biotreatment Technology
at NWIRP McGregor, Texasat NWIRP McGregor, Texas
Mike Perlmutter
5th Annual Joint Services Pollution Prevention and
Hazardous Waste Management Conference and Exhibition
San Antonio, Texas
August 23, 2000
Presentation OverviewPresentation Overview
Site Description and History Areas of Environmental Concern Interim Stabilization Measures:
Bench- and Pilot-Scale Evaluation– Groundwater– Soil
Conclusions
Site HistorySite History
Operated for More Than 50 Years Under Various Owners and Tenants– United States Army, Navy, and Air Force
Industrial Activities:– Weapons and Weapons Systems
• Bombs, Missiles, and Explosives
– Solid-fuel Rocket Propulsion Systems• Ammonium Perchlorate
AREA H
AREA S
AREA M
AREA L
AREA P
AREA G
AREA A
AREA B
AREA F
AREA R AREA D
AREA C
STATION CREEK WATERSHED
HARRIS CREEK WATERSHED
SOUTH BOSQUE RIVER WATERSHED
Base-outlineSite-outlineBuilding
50FT-CONTOURSBLDGDIRT-ROADRAILROADROADWATER
Subbasin Boundary
gis2//work_dir/mcgregor/simplebase.apr
Site HistorySite History
Area MArea M
750-acre Watershed Perchlorate
Concentrations (ppb)– Surface Water : 5,600– Groundwater: 4 to 91,000– Springs: 22,000
Drainage Pathway• Unnamed Tributary• Station Creek• Leon River/Lake Belton
Interim Stabilization MeasuresInterim Stabilization Measures
Why ISMs?– Migration of Perchlorate-Contaminated
Groundwater and Surface Water from Site– Action Letter from the TNRCC (2/99) Requiring
Migration Abatement Treatment Technology Evaluation Bench-Scale Studies Pilot-Scale Studies
Objective: Evaluate In Situ Treatment of Perchlorate-Contaminated Groundwater
Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB) PRB Media Evaluation
– Length of Acclimation Period– Reduction Effectiveness – Length of Effectiveness– Hydraulic Characteristics– Feasibility
Bench-Scale Groundwater Study: Bench-Scale Groundwater Study: In SituIn Situ
Experimental Approach– Plastic Bioreactors– PRB Media: 5 to 10% by Mass
• Compost• Canola Oil-Coated Wood Shavings• Cottonseed Meal • Granular Activated Carbon
– Influent Concentration: 5 to 8 mg/L– Flow Rates Similar to Site Groundwater
Bench-Scale Groundwater Study: Bench-Scale Groundwater Study: In SituIn Situ
Compost
Oil-coated Wood Shavings GAC
Cottonseed Meal
Bench-Scale Groundwater Study: Bench-Scale Groundwater Study: In SituIn Situ Medium Phosphate TKN TOC Ammonia Total P
- mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kgcompost 430 23,000 250,000 640 7500wood/oil 31 180 690,000 3.40 28 U
cottonseed meal 42 70,000 500,000 200 10000GAC 15 2,800 970,000 0.69 42
cottonseed - 32,000 440,000 20 4,900
Bench-Scale Groundwater Study: Bench-Scale Groundwater Study: In SituIn Situ
In Situ Bench-scale Study Results: Perchlorate Concentrations
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160Time (days)
Pec
hlor
ate
Con
cent
ratio
n (u
g/L
)
Compost Compost (detection) Wood Shavings/Oil
Wood Shavings/Oil (detection) Cottonseed Meal Cottonseed Meal (detection)
GAC GAC (detection) Influent
ISM Pilot-Scale ImplementationISM Pilot-Scale Implementation
Groundwater Cutoff and Collection Trenches
Ex situ Biotreatment System In situ Groundwater Biotreatment Soil Biotreatment
– Anaerobic Landfarming
Cutoff/Collection Trench ConstructionCutoff/Collection Trench Construction
POSSIBLE SOURCE AREA
C-LINE TRENCH
A-LINE TRENCH
B-LINE TRENCH
UNNAMED TRIBUTARY
Cutoff/Collection Trench ConstructionCutoff/Collection Trench Construction
A-line Property Line Cutoff Trench– Extends through
Weathered Limestone Water-bearing Zone
– 30 Inches Wide– Up to 25 Feet Deep– Perforated Collection
Pipe– Drainage Aggregate
Cutoff/Collection Trench ConstructionCutoff/Collection Trench Construction
Cutoff/Collection Trench ConstructionCutoff/Collection Trench Construction
Collection System ModificationCollection System Modification
UNNAMED TRIBUTARY
C1
GAM-10
LSBGWS-10
Clay Clay Clay
Excavated TrenchMaterial
Excavated TrenchMaterial
Excavated TrenchMaterial
Geotextile Geotextile Geotextile
Drainage Aggregate(#57 Gravel)Drainage Aggregate
(#57 Gravel)
Cotton Seed Meal(2 lbs/foot)
GAC(2 lbs/foot)
Cotton Seed(20 lbs/foot)
Compost(15% by volume)
andDrainage Aggregate
(#57 Gravel)
Native Materials Native Materials Native Materials
A-line Trench B-line Trench C-line Trench
Collection System ModificationCollection System Modification
Collection System ModificationCollection System Modification
Groundwater Perchlorate ConcentrationsTreatment System Effectiveness
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,00022
-Sep
13-O
ct
3-N
ov
24-N
ov
15-D
ec
5-Ja
n
26-J
an
16-F
eb
8-M
ar
29-M
ar
19-A
pr
10-M
ay
31-M
ay
21-J
un
12-J
ul
2-A
ug
Date
Per
chlo
rate
Con
cent
rati
on (
ppb)
Monitoring Well GAM-10 Upgradient of In Situ Treatment System
Lift Station BWithin A-Line Trench
Monitoring Well GWS-10 Downgradient of In Situ Treatment System
Monitoring Point C1Within C-Line Trench
Bench-Scale Soil Study: Bench-Scale Soil Study: Anaerobic LandfarmingAnaerobic Landfarming
Experimental Approach– Nutrients: Nitrogen and Phosphorus– Carbon Sources: Fructose and Citric Acid– Microbes: Acclimated and Indigenous
Findings/Results– Concentrations Reduced From 580 mg/kg
to Detection Limits (0.6 to 1.6 Mg/kg) in 28 Days
Soil Bench-Scale StudyPhase II Results
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35Date
Per
chlo
rate
Con
cent
rati
on (
mg/
kg) Treatment Cell 1
Treatment Cell 2
Cell 1 - Zero Order
Cell 2 - First Order
Pilot-Scale Soil Study: Pilot-Scale Soil Study: Anaerobic LandfarmingAnaerobic Landfarming
Amendments– Citric Acid– Nitrogen and
Phosphorus– Soda Ash
Flood Cell Monitor
ConclusionsConclusions
VOC Biodegradation In Situ Treatment System Effectiveness
– Projected to Last 8 to 15 Years Perchlorate Mass Leaving Site Reduced
– From 60 to 0.5 Pounds Per Month In Situ Soil Bioremediation Effective Future Applications: Other Onsite Areas
and Offsite