implementation of energy efficient water-cooled air-conditioning … · 2015-11-12 · 1...
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Implementation of Energy Efficient Water-cooled Air-conditioning Systems
in Hong Kong
Ir Ben LAM & Ir MA Chun-yueEngineer, Energy Efficiency Office
Electrical and Mechanical Services Department
8 May 2014
The Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management Hong Kong (CIWEM HK)Conference 2014 – Impacts of Climate Change on Water and Environmental Management
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Content• Introduction• Implementation of Water-cooled Air-conditioning
Systems in Hong Kong• Fresh Water Cooling Towers Scheme• District Cooling System in Kai Tak Development • Concluding Remarks
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Introduction
• Air conditioning in buildings accounts for about 30% of the total electricity consumption in Hong Kong
• Wider use of energy-efficient water-cooled air-conditioning system (WACS) in non-domestic buildings is an effective measure to conserve energy
• WACS can save energy up to 20% to 35% as compared to conventional air-cooled air-conditioning system (AACS)
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Implementation of WACS
• In 1999, a consultancy study commissioned by EMSD has established that WACS has greater environmental, economic and financial benefits than AACS
• In 2000, a territory-wide implementation study for WACS was commissioned by EMSD
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Types of WACS
• Three types of WACS were identified as attractive and having potential for wider adoption and implementation in Hong Kong Cooling Tower Scheme recommended District Cooling Scheme recommended Central Seawater Scheme
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Benefits and Constraints of WACS
EnergysavingsSpace
saving / layout
Reducedcapital
Investment/O&M
Betterenvironment/
reliability
Constraints
Adequacy ofwater
resources
Benefits
Health risk of Legionnaires’
Disease(LD)
Adequacy ofmains water
supplyinfrastructures
Effluentdischarge/ sewerage
infrastructure
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FRESH WATER COOLING TOWERS SCHEME
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FWCT Scheme
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Scheme for Wider Use of FWCT• In June 2000, the Government launched
a Scheme for wider use of fresh waterin evaporative cooling towers for energy-efficient air-conditioning systems for non-domestic buildings
• The FWCT Scheme was launched as a pilot scheme for application initially in 6 designated areas in Hong Kong
• The pilot status was changed to a standing one from June 2008
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Basic Requirements for joining the Scheme
Only for non-domestic
buildings Within Designated
Areas?
Effective drift eliminator(<0.005%)
Safe separation7.5m
Minimization of dead legs
5 basic design/installation
requirements1
2
3
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Basic Requirements for joining the Scheme (cont’d)
Reuse of bleed-off water for flushing purpose
Effective water treatment programme
Adequate and safe access
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Code of Practice (CoP)
• CoP for WACS (2006) Design, Installation and Commissioning Proper O&M Practice
• CoP for Prevention of Legionnaires’ Disease (2012)
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Designated Areas
• Applications from applicants outside designated areas will be considered on case-by-case basis
(http://www.emsd.gov.hk/emsd/eng/pee/psfwct_pub.shtml)
Existing 109 designated areas
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Water Conservation in FWCT
Control ofbleed-off water
ReverseOsmosis (RO)
Recycled bleed-off water as makeupGrey water
recycling
Rainwaterharvesting
Recycled rainwater/greywater as makeup
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Achievements of FWCT Scheme
• Up to end March 2014- 109 designated areas- 827 applications received- 517 installations commissioned- 321M kWh energy saved per year - 224,000 tonnes CO2 reduced per year
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Successful Projects
EMSD Headquarter
International Mail Centre
Lam Tin Complex
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Concerns on FWCT
ResidentialBuilding
Shopping Mall(non-domestic)
Cooling tower exhaust
Cooling tower intake
Min 7.5m
Min 7.5m
Walkway
Legionella bacteria
Any nuisances?plume? noise?water leakage? health hazards?
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Publicity
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DISTRICT COOLING SYSTEM IN KAI TAK DEVELOPMENT
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What is DCS?
• Supply chilled water to more than one building through distribution networks
• Major components include chiller plants, distribution networks and heat exchangers
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Background of the Project
• Total cooling capacity: 83,250 TR/293 MW North Plant cooling capacity: 48,300 TR/170 MW South Plant cooling capacity: 34,950 TR/123 MW
• Total pipe-run length: around 40 km• Expected number of users: around 60
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Implementation of the Project
North Plant
South Plant
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Implementation of the Project
• Phase I – pipes laying works, commenced in Feb 2011, substantially completed in Jan 2013
• Phase II – DBO contract, commenced in Mar 2011, target completion by end 2014
• Phase III (A) – commenced in July 2013, target completion by 2017
• Phase III (remaining) – to suit the actual schedule of KTD (up to around 2021)
• Operation commenced since Jan 2013 (for Kai Tak Cruise Terminal)
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Benefits of DCS
• Save energy compared with traditional A/C systems in individual buildings
35%
20%
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Benefits of DCS
• Annual energy saving of up to 85 million kWh or reduction of 59,500 tonnes equivalent CO2 emission upon full development
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Benefits of DCS
• Noise, vibration and heat arising from individual plant could be reduced
• More adoptable than individual system to varying demand for air-conditioning
• Enhance building/architectural design/function, better planned maintenance, reduce heat island effect, etc.
Heat
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Major Facilities – North Plant
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Major Facilities – North Plant
15 m
90 m
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Major Facilities – South Plant
Residential Site
Hotel SiteHotel Site
Seawater Pump Room Chiller Plant Room
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Major Facilities – South Plant
21 m
42 m
230 m
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Major Facilities – Customer Substation
• Normally, one sub-station per building to house two heat exchangers
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Current Status – North Plant
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Current Status – North Plant
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Current Status – South Plant
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Current Status – South Plant
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Concluding Remarks
• Water, as a valuable resource in the Earth, plays an important role in air-conditioning installation
• With the adoption of WACS, more than 20% of energy could be saved
• As KTD is a new district development with large demand of air-conditioning, the opportunity was taken to implement the most energy efficient air-conditioning system, i.e. DCS