implants ppt

8/3/2019 Implants Ppt

1/23

By,

Remya HariharanS7. B

Roll. No.:41

1College of Engineering, Chengannur


2/23

CONTENTS IMPLANTS

POWER SOURCES FOR IMPLANTS

EM POWER TRANSFER

ULTRA LOW POWER DATA TRANSMISSION REFLECTIVE IMPULSE RADIOS(RIR)

APPLICATIONS

CONCLUSION REFERENCES



3/23


IMPLANTSDevice implanted into body.

To replace/support biological structure.

Dental, orthopaedic, neural, heart implants.

Major challenges.

Main concern-neural implants.

College of Engineering, Chengannur 3


4/23

Cochlear implants-simulate auditory nerve.

Brain Computer Interface(BCI)

Upper-limb prosthesis

NEURAL IMPLANTS

http://f/Project%20Files/Seminar/auxiliary-ppt/NEURAL%20IMPLANTS.pptxhttp://f/Project%20Files/Seminar/auxiliary-ppt/NEURAL%20IMPLANTS.pptxhttp://f/Project%20Files/Seminar/auxiliary-ppt/NEURAL%20IMPLANTS.pptxhttp://f/Project%20Files/Seminar/auxiliary-ppt/NEURAL%20IMPLANTS.pptx


5/23


Power sources for implants

Batteries 0.09 W/sq.mm/year Problems:

Size

Replacement Low power density

Glucose bio-fuel cell -utilizing glucose from blood. Oxidation of glucose to generate electrical energy.

2.8 W/sq.mm.

Thermoelectric Temperature gradient in body.

0.6 W/sq.mm.


6/23


Power sources for implants

Electromagnetic power transfer

10 to 1000 W/sq.mm

EM field radiated by transmitter in vitro.

Antenna in vivo receives EM energy.

Rectifier & regulator produce DC voltage.


7/23

Power Flow Diagram

PRF

PTX

POTHER

PDC


NEURALSENSOR


8/23College of Engineering, Chengannur 8

Electromagnetic Power Transfer

Antenna Loop antenna

Good magnetic coupling.

Low electric near fields.

Size considerations

Maximum achievablecoupling.

http://f/Project%20Files/Seminar/auxiliary-ppt/LOOP%20ANTENNA.pptxhttp://f/Project%20Files/Seminar/auxiliary-ppt/LOOP%20ANTENNA.pptx


9/23


Antenna Size considerations.

Optimum frequency.

Safety consideration-SAR-Specific Absorption Rate

A measure of the rate at which energy is absorbed bythe body when exposed to a radio frequency (RF)electromagnetic field .

1.6W/kg averaged over 1g of tissue.



10/23


SAR Received power vs.

receive antenna size Intrinsic heating of device :

power density of 500W/sq.mm

leads to 1C rise in temperature As increases interaction b/w EM field & tissue

increases.



11/23College of Engineering, Chengannur 11

Circuit Implications Rectification of antenna o/p.

Stable DC voltage required: >0.5 V.

Impedance matching-b/w antenna & rectifier.

Four transistor cell-Low power

CMOS rectifier.

Circuit Implications

Rectification of antenna o/p.

Stable DC voltage required: >0.5 V.

Impedance matching-b/w antenna & rectifier. Four transistor cell-Low power

CMOS rectifier.


College of Engineering, Chengannur


12/23

Advantages. More power density-10 to 1000 W/sq.mm.

No moving parts. No chemical processing.

Less size.

CMOS rectifier-more efficient.



13/23

Data Transmission

CHALLENGESUltra low power data transmission methods.

Link Asymmetry:



14/23


Ultra low power data transmissionRFID-Radio Frequency Identification

Low power(< 5 W).

low data rate(Up to several hundred kbps).UWB-Ultra wideband

High data rate(Up to 500Mbps).

More power consumption(> 0.6mW).

Reflective Impulse Radios (RIR) = RFID+UWB.


15/23

RFIDUse of radio waves to transfer data between a

reader and an electronic tag.

Identification and trackingBackscattering scheme

Continuous wave period and query period

Low power data transmission.

http://f/Project%20Files/Seminar/auxiliary-ppt/RFID.ppthttp://f/Project%20Files/Seminar/auxiliary-ppt/BACKSCATTERING%20SCHEME.pptxhttp://f/Project%20Files/Seminar/auxiliary-ppt/CW%20&%20QUERY%20PERIOD.pptxhttp://f/Project%20Files/Seminar/auxiliary-ppt/CW%20&%20QUERY%20PERIOD.pptxhttp://f/Project%20Files/Seminar/auxiliary-ppt/CW%20&%20QUERY%20PERIOD.pptxhttp://f/Project%20Files/Seminar/auxiliary-ppt/CW%20&%20QUERY%20PERIOD.pptxhttp://f/Project%20Files/Seminar/auxiliary-ppt/BACKSCATTERING%20SCHEME.pptxhttp://f/Project%20Files/Seminar/auxiliary-ppt/RFID.ppthttp://f/Project%20Files/Seminar/auxiliary-ppt/RFID.ppt


16/23

Ultra Wideband Transmits and receives pulse based waveforms.

Use wide band of RF spectrum to transmit data.

Transmit more data in a given period of time.

Use frequencies from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz.

http://f/Project%20Files/Seminar/auxiliary-ppt/pulse-based.pptxhttp://f/Project%20Files/Seminar/auxiliary-ppt/pulse-based.pptx


17/23

Reflective Impulse Radios(RIR)

RIR

RFID

-Backscatteringscheme-low power

UWB-Pulse Based

Modulation-High DataRate



18/23

RIR Passive TransmitterRIR Passive Transmitter



19/23

APPLICATIONSDeep Brain Stimulation-relieves symptoms of

parkinsons disease.

Brain Computer Interface.Upper-limb prosthesis

Cochlear implants-simulate auditory nerve.

http://f/Project%20Files/Seminar/auxiliary-ppt/Upper%20Limb%20Prosthesis.pptxhttp://f/Project%20Files/Seminar/auxiliary-ppt/Upper%20Limb%20Prosthesis.pptxhttp://f/Project%20Files/Seminar/auxiliary-ppt/Upper%20Limb%20Prosthesis.pptxhttp://f/Project%20Files/Seminar/auxiliary-ppt/Upper%20Limb%20Prosthesis.pptxhttp://f/Project%20Files/Seminar/auxiliary-ppt/Upper%20Limb%20Prosthesis.pptx


20/23

CONCLUSIONA novel communication scheme RIR proposed

Electromagnetic Power Transfer most feasible

approach for energy delivery. Low power and high data rate.

Self contained neural implants become possible.



21/23

ReferencesJan M. Rabaey, Michael Mark, David Chen, Christopher

Sutardja,Chongxuan Tang, Suraj Gowda, Mark Wagner andDan Werthimer, Powering and Communicating with mm-

size Implants,Publication Year:2011,IEEE Conferences.Mandal, S.; Sarpeshkar, R.; , "Low-Power CMOS Rectifier

Design for RFID Applications," Circuits and Systems I:Regular Papers, IEEE.



22/23



23/23

College of Engineering Chengannur 23

implants ppt

Documents