Imperialismhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alJaltUmrGo&safe=activeWatch a quick intro video to get your brain moving!!

Effects of the Industrial Revolution Sped up economic development in Europe and

the US Established a way that industrial nations viewed

their colonies They began to see colonies as:1. Markets for goods2. Sources for raw materialsResult?? Imperialism - the policy of extending the

rule or influence of a country over other countries or colonies

Where did Imperialism Happen?Colonized Continents

targeted: Africa Asia Latin America

Imperialist Countries: United States European countries

What do these political cartoons say about England and the United States?

Reasons for ImperialismEconomic Industrial Revolution created a need for raw

materials (regions affected by Imperialism had a lot)

New markets available in these regions to sell goods that were being produced

Reasons for Imperialism Nationalism – pride in country Setting up colonies showed power and

brought wealth

Reasons for Imperialism Humanitarianism – helping others thought native people should be more like

Europeans provided medicine and education Often did more harm than good…

But how??? They were just trying to help!!

Social Darwinism Belief that Western

civilization (Europeans and the US) was far superior (better) to all other civilizations

“The White Man’s Burden” – converting and educating native people was white people’s responsibility

White man carrying an African native to a school house.

Listen and read along with “The White Man’s Burden by Rudyard Kiplinghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cS__4F8QSNU&safe=active

East India Company (EICo) Europeans colonies first

competed for colonies in India

1600s – British EICo began trading in India and elsewhere in Asia

By the 1850s, more than 60 percent of India was under control of the EICo

East India Company (EICo) Made life in India better by:

1. Setting up schools

2. Improving and building railroads

3. Kept peace between rival local leaders

** While doing all of this they made sure to make plenty of $$ from Indian resources and labor

East India Company (EICo) The company had its own army and forts to

protect its property and British citizens Hired Indian soldiers called sepoys 1857 – company gave sepoys new rifles –

to load them, soldiers had to bite off the end of the powder cartridge with their teeth

So what’s wrong with that???

Sepoy Rebellion The cartridges were greased with fat from cows

(sacred to Hindus) or pigs (Muslims are forbidden to eat)

The sepoys refused to put the cartridges in their mouths and were sent home without pay – they rebelled against this unfair treatment and slaughtered British men, women, and children

More violence – the British responded by burning villages and slaughtering Indians

The British lion seeks vengeance on the Bengal Tiger – depicting the British counter attack after the Sepoy rebellion

Effect of the Sepoy Rebellion British parliament ended the EICo’s control

of India 1858 – India was ruled by Parliament

Quick video!!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MV0fYMIvtyU&safe=active

The Scramble for Africa

The race among European nations to seize parts of the continent

1850 = small colonies

along the coast 1914 = only Ethiopia

and Liberia remained

independent

Goals Get raw materials: ivory, copper Start a market for goods Stamp out slave trade Bring Christianity to the continent

Moving Inward Explorers were first – mapped rivers,

mountains, and plains Missionaries followed – converting natives

and helping to abolish slavery Military moved in when Africans resisted

(which they often did)

Conflict – The Berlin Conference 1880s – nations were fighting over territory 1884 – Otto von Bismarck called a

conference in Berlin to partition – divide up Africa by formal treaty

14 European nations and the US were invited, not a single African nation or person was invited to this garden party!!

Ber

lin

Con

fere

nce

Zulu Resistance South African tribe that placed an emphasis

on military organization and skill leader - Shaka Zulu Zulu came into the conflict with the British

army Zulu were eventually defeated by the

technology and vast resources of the British army

More Resistance - Boer War Boers - descendents of the original Dutch settlers master plan of Britain = establish a Cape to Cairo

railroad line to link British colonial interests in Africa

The Boers provided heavy and eventually armed resistance to this proposal

Boer War (1899-1902) fighting was vicious, Britain victorious

Imperialism in Japan Japan was able to stay free of European

influences, became an Imperialist power, and isolated itself (other countries didn’t like that too much…)

Black Ships on the Horizon 1853 – Commodore

Matthew Perry and a fleet of four US war ships entered Tokyo Bay with a letter that demanded that Japan open trade with the US – an open door policy all countries have equal trading rights in the area

Open Door Policy Japanese debated for 6

months – Perry returned with a bigger fleet, and they reluctantly agreed to a treaty with the US and were forced to sign treaties with other nations

Meiji Restoration “enlightened rule” 1868 – 1912 Japanese officials modernized and

Westernized the nation1. Technology 2. Science3. Political and economic ideas4. Ended feudalism 5. Made Japan an industrial nation6. Adopted a constitution 7. Army/Navy8. Transportation9. banking/postal systems10. Public education

What’s happening in China you ask? Background: Early 1880s, Brits were importing

opium from India to China Chinese government said “hey! STOP!” (opium is

a very addictive drug) When the British did not stop, China tried to stop

the trade… this led to first Opium War,1840 Britain won… again and the opium trade

continued

Effects of the Opium War Caused foreign

pressure Spheres of

influence – area where only the foreign power had the right to trade with a country

The Boxer Rebellion 1900 - Rebellion in China against

imperialism and the open door policy there Chinese “boxers” (guys who were kind of

awesome at martial arts) formed a secret society to rebel against the foreigners in their country

Two month siege – eventually were defeated

Chinese Boxer Rebellion Cartoon

Do you think an American or Chinese newspaper published this cartoon?

The deep breath before WWI Early 1900s – situation in Europe was very

tense Rivalry between industrial nations caused

extreme feelings of nationalism Suspicious of one another, the nations

formed defensive alliances waiting for someone to throw the first punch

The PlayersTriple Alliance - 1882 Germany Italy Austria-Hungary

Triple Entente - 1907 France Great Britain Russia

Causes of WWI Spark = ethnic nationalism in Austria-

Hungary These groups wanted their own nations Result? A series of uprisings Serbia was a new nation in the Balkan area

supported by Russia (made things even more tense) – known as the “powder keg of Europe”

European leaders trying to keep the lid on the cauldron representing trouble in Serbia

The immediate cause of the war: The Assassination of

Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophia

Shot by Gavrilo Princip, a young Serbian nationalist and member of The Black Hand – they wanted Bosnia (a part of Austria-Hungary) to become a part of Serbia)

1,2,3,4, I declare war…DON’T WRITE THIS!!During July and August of 1914, peace in Europe quickly fell

apart – Austria blamed the Serbs for trying to break up its empire. It declared war against Serbia. Serbia’s ally, Russia, then prepared its army for war. Fearing that Russia would attack it as well as Austria, Germany declared war on Russia. Russia was France’s ally. When France offered to help Russia, Germany declared war on France. To attack France, Germany invaded neighboring Belgium. Belgium’s ally, Britain, then declared war against Germany. Soon all of Europe was at war…

To sum that up: War spread like

wildfire Triple Alliance =

Central Powers Triple Entente =

Allies

When did the US enter the picture? 1915 – sinking of the Lusitania – British ship that carried cargo and US passengers (sunk by German torpedo)

The US began to view Germany as a bully and began to side with the Allies

When did the US enter the picture? Zimmerman letter – intercepted telegram

from German foreign minister to German US ambassador – said that Germany would help Mexico win back Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico

4 years of warfare Why? Trench warfare – each

side dig trenches deep enough for soldiers to stand in

This eventually turned into a stalemate, neither side could move more than a few miles

A New Kind of War Airplanes – used for observation and then

bombing enemy targets Machine guns – rapid fire, great in trenches Poison gas – sickened and killed soldiers –

masks were the only protection Submarines – German U-boats attacked at

sea Tanks

VideosTrench Warfare and weapons http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=

SUCaqptNqKM&safe=active

War Horse clip – make a list of the weapons/ war tactics that you see in the clip

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wo-3x2khwZ0&safe=active

Here come the Yankees! April 1917 – US declared war on Germany More than 1 million US troops came to

Europe to counter the final German advance

After a year, it was clear that Germany could not win

Allies agreed to an armistice – cease fire

At the end of things…. Casualties: 8.5 million Wounded: 17 million Regions where war had been fought lay in

ruin War debt: millions Question? Who would pay for the rebuilding

and debt?

Making the Peace Paris Peace

Conference 1919 The Big Three –

GB, France, US (decision makers)

Germany was not allowed to take part in the negotiations

Treaty of Versailles The big three disagreed about what the

treaty should contain: GB/France – wanted Germany to be

disarmed and pay the entire cost of the war US – Woodrow Wilson wanted to set up a

League of Nations (LON)– international peacekeeping organization

Wilson’s 14 Points The LON was included in his 14 points

along with goals like:

1. End to secret treaties

2. Freedom of the seas

3. Right for people to govern themselves

14 Points cont. In the end, he had to give many of the

points up, but he stuck to his idea of a LON and the Allies finally accepted it

BUT the US Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles (they thought the US would be giving up its ability to act in its own interests)

Soooo without the US, Wilson’s idea lost a lot of it’s power

Final Treaty of Versailles Germany/Austria Hungary – admit they started

the war Germany – paid $30 million in damages German army/navy reduced in size Area btw. Germany and France was not

allowed to have forts, trenches, weapons Germany had to return land to France German colonies in Africa and Asia were taken

Which one’s Germany??

A tough pill to swallow

Quick video!!! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J31vkB4IdS0&safe=active

The short end of the stick…

Russian Revolution

Don’t write the information in red!!

The Bolsheviks

small Marxist group wanted to change life in

Russia

leader = Vladimir Lenin goal = overthrow czar

Their vision: if czar was overthrown, industrial

workers could govern Russia

Russia & WWI Czar Nicholas II hoped war would unite

Russia & stop talk of revolution

patriotism increased rapidly

Russia & WWI

Russia was not ready for war

Russia lacked: factories/supplies transportation system modern equipment competent military leaders

Conditions Worsen 1915 Nicholas II took command of

Russian military if Russia failed in WWI, so would Nicholas

II

Conditions Worsen

food & other goods grew scarce peasants grew desperate Nicholas II went to war

left Czarina Alexandra in charge (unpopular)

Alexandra took advice from Grigory Rasputin (corrupt/immoral)

Revolution Begins March 8, 1917 Petrograd, Russia unhappy citizens marched the Duma (Russia’s legislature) defied

Nicholas II

March 15, 1917 Nicholas II forced to abdicate

Temporary Government

Duma established temporary government many Russians didn’t like this government Bolsheviks wanted basic changes

Lenin was still leader

Bolshevik Revolution mid-1917 still fighting Central Powers in

WWI Russian army was weak & collapsed November 1917 Bolshevik Red Guard

attacked government and won

Bolshevik Revolution Lenin established radical communist

program private ownership = illegal land redistributed to peasants

After the Revolution

Lenin wanted to end involvement in war

Started negotiation with Central Powers

Russia lost much land to Central Powers because of lack of strong military

Civil War

some Russians disliked the negotiations & their results

opponents of Bolsheviks = “White Army” army leaders political opponents wealthy Russians

Civil War Ends Red Army vs. White Army

late 1920 Bolsheviks triumph

1921 New Economic Policy: plan permitting some capitalist activity

The Soviet Union

1922 economy began to improve

1922 Russia reunited with neighboring lands that had belonged to Russian Empire

became Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) or Soviet Union