impacts of manure application on swat model outputs in …compared with swm, bfm, shm and brm. the...

2016 SWAT International conference

Reporter：Xu Fei

Topic: Database and GIS

application and development

Date：2016-07-27

Impacts of Manure

Application on SWAT Model

Outputs in the Xiangxi

River Watershed

1

Livestock pollution

Case Study

Research process

Main Conclusions

01

02

03

04

CONTENTS

CONT

ENTS

Livestock pollution01

02

CONTENTS

CONT

ENTS

2

01Livestock pollution

Part One

Background

Causes and impacts

Research advance

3

Asia showing the most rapid growth and structural change (Ling Gan et al. 2016), especially in China.

The environmental impact of livestock and poultry farming isResponsible for 18 % of the global emission of greenhouse gases

(Steinfeld et al. 2006a).

Livestock account for 34% of the total value of agricultural outputs, and

above 40% incomes of farmers were from livestock farming in some

regions of China (National bureau of statistics，2014 ).

Compared with the year 2007 in China, manure pollution problems will

become more serious in 2020, and the livestock excrement will

increase by 37 % (Liu et al. 2011; Fu et al. 2012).

.

Livestock pollution-Background

International

China

4

.

Causes.

Livestock pollution-Causes and impacts

Livestock pollution affects the environment

primarily by two pathways:

direct runoff of animal excreta from the

farms;

leaching or runoff from the open air slurry

used to collect and store animal excreta (Gu et al. 2008).

Eutroph

ication

Odor

pollution

Landscape

destruction

5

Livestock pollution-Causes and impacts

ANPS

1

Livestock and

poultry farming

Rural

domestic

pollution

Agricultural planting

3 major sources for agricultural non-point source

(ANPS) pollution

6

Livestock pollution-Research advance

Typical pollution discharging

coefficient

Spatial-temporal distribution

of the livestock amount and

pollution

i iki fk fk uk uk

Zhang et al., 2014; Wang et al.,

2015; Liu et al., 2014

at the provincial scale or at the

national scale;

geographical information system

(GIS);Duan et al., 2009; Sun and Wu, 2013; Jiao

et al., 2015

The results weren’t accurate enough since there were no universal

excretion coefficients around one country, or even around one province

(Shu et al., 2009;Yang et al., 2013). Additionally, the transport and

transformation of the pollutants are not considered when statistical

empirical coefficients are applied.

7

Livestock pollution-Research advance

How to simulate livestock and poultry pollution with

SWAT model?

B

D

A

C

E

Fertilizer database in SWAT. Apart from chemical fertilizers, there are also some

manure fertilizers. Variables in manure database include contents of mineral

nitrogen, mineral phosphorus, organic nitrogen, organic phosphorus and

information about fecal coliform.

Swine-fresh

manure

Beef-fresh

manure

Sheep-fresh

manure

Broiler-fresh

manure

Others

8

02Case study

Part Two

Site description

Livestock condition

9

Introduction of study area-Site description

$T#S

#S

#S

#S

#S

南阳镇

高阳镇

峡口镇

建阳坪乡

兴山县湘坪乡

香溪河流域$T 县

#S 乡、镇

水系

0 20000 Meters

图例

N

EW

S

三峡水系图

The Three Gorges

Reservoir

The Xiangxi

river watershedThe Yangtze River

watershed

10


Xiakou

Shennongjia

mountain(3105m)

Shennongjia Forestry District

ZiguiCounty

Guizhou

Xingshan County

Xiangxi river originates from

Shennongjia Forestry district.

94 km long, 3099 km2;

Controlled by Xingshan

hydrological gauge; 90%;

rich of phosphorus

Facing serious water and

soil loss;

Serious eutrophication

11


Administrative division was combined with watershed delineation in our study.

12

Introduction of study area-Livestock condition

Livestock farming exerted great threats on the environment

Agricultural structure of Xingshan was dominant by planting and livestock farming;

Rural scatter farming;

Main livestock: swine, beef, sheep and broiler

N、P discharged by livestock accounted for 77.9% of the total ANPS pollution (Wang et al., 2015).

13

03Research process

Part Three

SWAT model evaluation

Livestock condition analysis

Building new database

Simulation and analysis

14

Research process

Simulation, analysis

Building new databases

Livestock condition analysis

SWAT model calibration and

validation

04

03

02

01

Livestock amount statistics;

Manure, N, P estimation;

Spatial distribution，

RD

For flow, organic phosphorus

(ORGP), mineral phosphorus

(MINP)-NSE and R2

NMH、NMS、NMX

15

Research process-SWAT model evaluation

NSE and R2 values for flow were higher than those for

ORGP and MINP. All the values were credible. SWAT

model can be applied in Xiangxi river successfully.16

Research process-livestock condition analysis

Increasing tendency;

Top three towns:

Huangliang, Shuiyuesi and

Xiakou

17

Research process-building new database

Manure

production

(kg)

Manure

application

（kg/ha）

Fertilization

nitrogen

(kg N/kg

fert）

phosphurus

(kg P/kg

fert)

Huangliang

（12、16）56671956.14 45000 NMH

FMINN/P 0.0043 0.0007

ORGN/P 0.0034 0.0003

Shuiyuesi（11、

19、20、21、

22、23、24）

53666703.83 40000 NMS

FMINN/P 0.0044 0.0008

ORGN/P 0.0036 0.0003

Xiakou（25、

26、27）51200014.83 35000 NMX

FMINN/P 0.0046 0.0008

ORGN/P 0.0038 0.0003

Three different manure database according to practical manure production.

18

Research process-agricultural management practices

Huangliang（subbasin12/16）crop rotation of rice and oilseed rape

data SWAT Operation Name Notes

07-01 Plant/begin growing season Rice

07-01 Auto-irrigation Auto-irrigation based on crop demand

07-05 Continuous fertilization 55days, 11250 kg/ha per 10days

09-15 Harvest and kill Harvest and remove the ground part

09-20 Plant/begin growing season Oilseed rape




Agricultural management practices were set for Huangliang, Shuiyuesiand Xiakou, respectively, according to the actual practices.

19

Research process-

Xiakou（25、26、 27）citrus management


03-15Plant/begin growing

seasonCitrus



Shuiyuesi（subbasin 11、19、20、21、22、23、24）

crop rotation of corn and oilseed rape



seasonCorn





seasonOilseed rape




agricultural management practices

20


The individual livestock manure

applied for comparison.

Swine-fresh-manure

Beef-fresh-manure

Sheep-fresh-manure

Broiler-fresh-manure

SwM

BfM

ShM

BrM

21


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Huangliang Shuiyuesi Xiakou

OR

GP

/mil

lio

n k

g baseline

NM

SwM

BfM

ShM

BrM

0

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4


MIN

P/m

illi

on

kg

baseline

NM

SwM

BfM

ShM

BrM

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45


TP

/mil

lio

n k

g

baseline

NM

SwM

BfM

ShM

BrM

Spatial distribution of manure pollution 22


Manure Town ORGP MINP TP

NM-SwM

Huangliang 0.78 0.43 0.77

Shuiyuesi 0.67 0.71 0.67

Xiakou 0.72 0.61 0.71

NM-BfM


Shuiyuesi 0.71 0.71 0.71

Xiakou 0.75 0.62 0.73

NM-ShM


Shuiyuesi 0.66 0.69 0.66

Xiakou 0.70 0.59 0.69

NM-BrM


Shuiyuesi 0.71 0.71 0.71

Xiakou 0.75 0.62 0.74

( )(%) s i

i

P PRD

P

Where Pi is the predicted value for towns applied SwM (i=1), BrM

(i=2), BfM (i=3) and ShM (i=4); Psis the predicted value for towns

applied NM. 23

04Main conclusions

Part Four

24

Main conclusions

NB manure produced the fewest ORGP, MINP and TPcompared with SwM, BfM, ShM and BrM. The applicationof BfM and BrM resulted in the largest pollutants,indicating that simulating manure pollution using thebeef-fresh-manure database and broiler-fresh-manuredatabase would cause greater errors in Xiangxi riverwatershed.

The pollutants produced by NB manure and the individuallivestock manure had a common feature:Huangliang<Shuiyuesi<Xiakou. The downstream of theXiangxi river faced greater livestock pollution threats,which need more attention.

25

End

Thankyou

Q & A26

impacts of manure application on swat model outputs in …compared with swm, bfm, shm and brm. the...

Documents