impacts of dam and reservoir passage on outmigrating juvenile hatchery chinook salmon: results from...
TRANSCRIPT
IMPACTS OF DAM AND RESERVOIR PASSAGE ON IMPACTS OF DAM AND RESERVOIR PASSAGE ON OUTMIGRATING JUVENILE HATCHERY CHINOOK OUTMIGRATING JUVENILE HATCHERY CHINOOK
SALMON: RESULTS FROM A PAIRED RELEASE SALMON: RESULTS FROM A PAIRED RELEASE STUDY IN THE UPPER WILLAMETTE STUDY IN THE UPPER WILLAMETTE
RIVER BASINRIVER BASIN
Oregon Department of Fish and WildlifeCorvallis Research Laboratory
Jason R. Brandt
Thomas A. Friesen
Marc A. Johnson
Paul M. Olmsted
Study Code JPL-11-02-MF and JPL-11-02-DET
ObjectivesObjectives
Introduction Methods Results Summary Questions
Estimate the effect that passage through dams and reservoirs in the Middle Fork Willamette and North Santiam rivers has on outmigration success (relative detection rate) of juvenile hatchery Chinook salmon
Estimate the effect that passage through dams and reservoirs has on survivorship to adulthood for juvenile hatchery Chinook salmon
Useful ancillary data: movement and growth rates of juvenile hatchery Chinook salmon released above and below dams
Study Area and Release Sites– MFWStudy Area and Release Sites– MFW
Introduction Methods Results Summary Questions
Dexter TRLOP TR
LOP FB
LOP HOR
HCR
Study Area and Release Sites – NSStudy Area and Release Sites – NS
Introduction Methods Results Summary Questions
Minto TR
Detroit FB
Detroit HOR
Tagging & ReleaseTagging & ReleaseIntroduction Methods Results Summary Questions
Hatchery fish used
One-time yearly releases
Major assumption: hatchery fish are phenotypically similar to naturally-produced fish entering the reservoirs (size, timing, behavior, condition, etc.)
Tagging & Release – MFWTagging & Release – MFW
Introduction Methods Results Summary Questions
Release Location
Release Year Dexter TR LOP TR LOP FB LOP HOR HCR
2011 5,959 -- -- 5,967* --
2012 49,371 -- -- 49,651 49,330
2013 37,299 -- 37,310 37,200 33,301
2014 33,520 33,952 34,544 32,769 --
*200,673 CWT fish released in addition to PIT tags
Tagging & Release – NSTagging & Release – NS
Introduction Methods Results Summary Questions
Release Location
Release Year Minto TR Detroit FB Detroit HOR
2012 12,475* -- 12,465*
2013 33,299 33,246 33,208
2014 33,463 33,485 33,478
*75,069 total CWT fish released in addition to PIT tags
Detection & RecoveryDetection & RecoveryIntroduction Methods Results Summary Questions
PIT tags (2011-2019): Outmigrants at Willamette Falls, detection
efficiency <10% Adults at Willamette Falls, detection
efficiency 100% Other researchers
CWTs (2013-2017): Fisheries, hatcheries, spawner surveys
Outmigration Success– MFWOutmigration Success– MFWIntroduction Methods Results Summary Questions
N=503
N=201
N=2,747
N=534
N=15
N=1,331
N=468
N=383
N=13
N=453
N=600
N=132
N=27
Relative Survival – MFWRelative Survival – MFWIntroduction Methods Results Summary Questions
Release Year
Release Location
Dexter TR LOP TR FB HOR HCR
2011 0.084y n/a n/a 0.034z n/a
2012 0.056x n/a n/a 0.011y 3.0x10-4 z
2013 0.036w n/a 0.013x 0.011y 3.9x10-4 z
2014 0.014w 0.018x 0.004y 8.2x10-4 z n/a
Outmigration Success– NSOutmigration Success– NSIntroduction Methods Results Summary Questions
N=1,045
N=895
N=1,000N=844
N=734
N=416
N=469
N=254
Relative Survival – NSRelative Survival – NSIntroduction Methods Results Summary Questions
Release Year
Release Location
TR FB HOR
2012 0.084y n/a 0.072z
2013 0.037x 0.029y 0.024z
2014 0.012y 0.014y 0.008z
Movement Rate– MFWMovement Rate– MFWIntroduction Methods Results Summary Questions
N=503
N=201
N=2,747N=534
N=15
N=1,331
N=468
N=383
N=13
N=600
N=453 N=132
N=27
Z Z
X Y
Z
WX Y
Z YZ Z Z
Movement Rate– NSMovement Rate– NSIntroduction Methods Results Summary Questions
N=1,045 N=895
N=1,000
N=844 N=734
N=416 N=469 N=254
Y
ZY Y
Z
Y Y Z
Growth– MFWGrowth– MFWIntroduction Methods Results Summary Questions
N=11
N=13
N=81
N=316
N=41
N=9
N=332
N=273
N=79
N=50 N=19N=271
N=195
Y
Z
YZ Z
YZ Z
Z
X X Y Z
Growth– NSGrowth– NSIntroduction Methods Results Summary Questions
N=9
N=107
N=372N=283
N=25N=18
Y
Z Y Z
ZZ
Juvenile to Adult SurvivalJuvenile to Adult Survival MFW: 4 adult returns from 2011 releases
(2TR, 2HOR), 7 adult returns from 2012 releases (2TR, 5HOR)
NS: 6 adult returns from 2012 releases (3TR, 3HOR)
Introduction Methods Results Summary Questions
Key PointsKey PointsNo surprises; in general fish released above projects:
Migrated slower to Willamette Falls=lentic environment and dam passage, reservoir fish usually delayed by month or longer
Grew faster than the tailrace group=conducive reservoir growing conditions, possible long term survival advantage?
Introduction Methods Results Summary Questions
Key PointsKey PointsNo surprises; fish released above projects: Detected at a lower rate=consistent evidence of dam/reservoir impacts related
to lower outmigration success; impacts appear to be greater in the MFW
Effect sizes for differences in detections between Dexter TR and LOP HOR: 2011= 2.5:1, 60%
2012= 5.14:1, 80.5% 2013= 3.4:1, 70.6% 2014= 16.78:1, 94%
Effect sizes for differences in detections between Minto TR and Detroit HOR: 2012= 1.17:1, 14.5% 2013= 1.56:1, 36% 2014= 1.64:1, 39%
Introduction Methods Results Summary Questions
USACE - Rich Piaskowski, Greg Taylor, Todd Pierce, Doug Garletts, Chad Helms, Nathaniel Erickson et al.
ODFW – Dan Peck & staff, Greg Grenbemer & staff, Fred Monzyk, Jeremy Romer, Ryan Emig, Kelly Reis, Kirk Schroeder, Suzette Savoie
NOAA – Bill Muir (original concept)
Biomark, Inc. – PIT tagging
PSMFC – Tag recovery database
PGE – Interrogation facility
AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments
Introduction Methods Results Summary Questions
Questions & DiscussionQuestions & Discussion
http://oregonstate.edu/dept/ODFW/willamettesalmonidrme
Stayton and Bennett– NSStayton and Bennett– NS
Introduction Methods Results Summary Questions
2014 NS releases detected: 2,976 TR, 744 FB, and 353 HOR
Also detected at Willamette Falls: 162 TR (5%), 137 FB (18%), 52 HOR (15%)
2014 STW NS releases detected: 26 TR
FateFate
Introduction Methods Results Summary Questions
Anecdotal, but compelling case for substantial predation
MFW: 124 mortalities avian predationNS: 30 mortalities avian predation
MFW: 198 mortalities piscine predation– 158 from crappie– 18 from walleye– 11 from northern pikeminnow– 10 from largemouth bass– 1 from cutthroat trout
Detections and Discharge– MFWDetections and Discharge– MFW
Introduction Methods Results Summary Questions
Month (2011)
May Jul Sep Nov
Discharge (kcfs)0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Daily D
etections 0
20
40
60
80
Willamette Discharge at SalemDexter TRLOP HOR
Month (2012-13)
May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul
Discharge (kcfs)0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Daily D
etections 0
50
100
150
200
250
Willamette Discharge at SalemDexter TRLOP HORHCR
Month (2013-14)
Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Dis
cha
rge
(kcfs)
20
40
60
80
100
120
Da
ily De
tectio
ns
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Willamette Discharge at SalemDexter TRLOP FBLOP HORHCR
Detections and Discharge– NSDetections and Discharge– NS
Introduction Methods Results Summary Questions
Month (2012-13)
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep D
ischarge (kcfs)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Daily D
etections 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Willamette Discharge at SalemMinto TRDetroit HOR
Month (2013-14)
Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul
Discharge (kcfs)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Daily D
etections 0
20
40
60
80
Willamette Discharge at SalemMinto TRDetroit FBDetroit HOR
Effects of Dam Operations – LOPEffects of Dam Operations – LOP
Introduction Methods Results Summary Questions
Month (2011)
May Jun Jul Aug Sep
Flo
w (kcfs)
0
2
4
6
8
10
LOP Total Discharge LOP Spill
Month (2012)
May Jun Jul Aug Sep
Flo
w (kcfs)
0
2
4
6
8
10
LOP Total DischargeLOP Spill
Month (2013)
May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov F
low (kcfs)
0
2
4
6
8
10
LOP Total DischargeLOP Spill
Effects of Dam Operations – HCREffects of Dam Operations – HCR
Introduction Methods Results Summary Questions
Month (2012)
May Jun Jul Aug Sep
Flow
(kcfs)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
HCR Total DischargeHCR Spill
Month (2013)
May Jul Sep Nov Jan
Flow
(kcfs)0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
HCR Total DischargeHCR Spill
Effects of Dam Operations – DetroitEffects of Dam Operations – Detroit
Introduction Methods Results Summary Questions
Month (2012)
Aug Sep Oct Nov
Flow
(kcfs)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Detroit Total DischargeDetroit Spill
Month (2013)
Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov
Flow
(kcfs)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Detroit Total DischargeDetroit Spill
N=15
N=837
Introduction Methods Results Summary Questions
Lookout Point Reservoir entry, naturally-produced Chinook (Romer et al. 2012)
PIT 2011 (64 mm)PIT 2012 (62 mm)PIT 2013 (68 mm)PIT 2014 (74 mm)
Introduction Methods Results Summary Questions
Detroit Reservoir entry, naturally-produced Chinook (Romer et al. 2012)
N = 4,249
N = 27
PIT 2012 (90 mm)PIT 2013 (65 mm)PIT 2014 (74 mm)
Movement Rate– MFWMovement Rate– MFWIntroduction Methods Results Summary Questions
Release Year
Release Location
Dexter TR LOP TR FB HOR HCR
2011 5.38A n/a n/a 6.16A n/a
2012 5.82A n/a n/a 4.70B 0.99C
2013 6.20A n/a 3.56B 3.80C 0.97D
2014 6.95A 2.68B 2.76B 2.88B n/a
Movement Rate– NSMovement Rate– NSIntroduction Methods Results Summary Questions
Release Year
Release Location
TR FB HOR
2012 9.48A n/a 7.77B
2013 1.49A 1.68A 1.31B
2014 2.35A 2.51A 2.21B
Growth– MFWGrowth– MFWIntroduction Methods Results Summary Questions
Release Year
Release Location
Dexter TR LOP TR FB HOR HCR
2011 0.65A n/a n/a 0.73B n/a
2012 0.31A n/a n/a 0.97B 0.69B
2013 0.47A n/a 0.89B 0.90B 0.64A
2014 0.17A 0.33A 0.82B 0.86C n/a
Growth– NSGrowth– NS
Introduction Methods Results Summary Questions
Release Year
Release Location
TR FB HOR
2012 0.17A n/a 0.78B
2013 n/a 0.71A 0.68B
2014 n/a 0.81A 0.80A