impaction and adaptation to sea-level rise (slr) in china coastal region

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中国沿海海平面上升影响评价及适应对策 Impaction and Adaptation to Sea-level Rise SLRin china Coastal Region 陈满春 Dr. Manchun Chen [email protected] 国家海洋信息中心 National Marine Data and Information Service NMDIS/SOAApril 672010Beijing

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Presentation by Manchun Chen, National Marine Data Information Service at the People’s Republic of China (PRC) 1st National Workshop on the Economics of Climate Change and Low Carbon Growth Strategies in Northeast Asia, hosted by the Asian Development Bank at Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beiijing, PRC: 6-7 April 2010

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Page 1: Impaction and Adaptation to Sea-Level Rise (SLR) in China Coastal Region

中国沿海海平面上升影响评价及适应对策Impaction and Adaptation to Sea-level Rise (SLR)in china Coastal Region

陈满春Dr. Manchun Chen

[email protected]国家海洋信息中心

National Marine Data and Information Service(NMDIS/SOA)

April 6-7,2010,Beijing

Page 2: Impaction and Adaptation to Sea-Level Rise (SLR) in China Coastal Region

内容提要Outline

全球及中国沿海海平面上升状况

The SLR of Global and China Coastal Region

中国沿海海平面上升影响评价

The Impaction to SLR in China Coastal Region

中国沿海海平面上升适应对策

The Adaptation Actions to SLR in China Coastal

Region

Page 3: Impaction and Adaptation to Sea-Level Rise (SLR) in China Coastal Region

全球海平面上升状况The Global SLR

IPCC,2007:在过去的100年间,全球气温上升了0.74±0.2℃,全球海平面上升了17cm。IPCC,2007:In past century, the global temperature rise 0.74±0.2℃ and the sea-level rise 17cm。

Page 4: Impaction and Adaptation to Sea-Level Rise (SLR) in China Coastal Region

全球及中国沿海海平面上升状况The Global SLR

近年来全球海平面上升趋势:平均速率 = 3.5 mm/a(1993-2007)In recent years, the global sea-level rise at the speed of 3.5 mm/a(1993-2007) by satellite data.

Page 5: Impaction and Adaptation to Sea-Level Rise (SLR) in China Coastal Region

中国沿海海平面上升状况The SLR of China Coastal Region

《2009年中国海平面公报》:近30年,中国沿海海平面总体呈波动上升趋势,上升了90mm,平均上升速率为2.6mm/a。 2009年,中国沿海海平面为近10年最高,比常年和2008年分别高68毫米和8毫米。

“Bulletin of the sea-level of China in 2009”:In the recent 30 years, coastal sea level of China is as a whole on the trend of fluctuant ascending, totally rose 90mm and the average rise speed rate is 2.6 mm/year. In 2009, coastal sea level of China was at the highest in the recent 10 years as the whole, respectively 68mm and 8mm higher than the multi-year average*and that in 2008.

Page 6: Impaction and Adaptation to Sea-Level Rise (SLR) in China Coastal Region

中国沿海海平面上升状况The SLR of China Coastal Region

常年

-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 (月)

海平面变化

(毫米)

2008

2009

常年

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 (月)

海平

面变

化(

毫米

2008

2009

Bohai Sea:2.3mm/a。In 2009, the sea level at Feb. and Sep. were respectively 128mm and 78mm higher than that in 2008.

渤海:2.3mm/a。2009年,2月份和9月份海平面分别比2008年同期偏高128毫米和78毫米。

East China Sea:2.9mm/a。In 2009, the sea level at Aug.

Sep. and Oct. were respectively 95mm 75mm and 77mm higher than that in 2008.

东海:2.9mm/a。2009年,8~10月份海平面分别比2008年同期偏高95毫米、75毫米和77毫米。

Page 7: Impaction and Adaptation to Sea-Level Rise (SLR) in China Coastal Region

中国沿海海平面上升状况The SLR of China Coastal Region

2009年,中国沿海海平面均高于常年。其中,海南升幅最大, 达113毫米;广东次之,为93毫米;其他地区升幅介于43~84毫米之间。 与2008年相比,中国沿海海平面变化具有明显区域特征,北部沿海海平面基本持平,南部沿海海平面升幅明显。In 2009, coastal sea level of the Provinces of China was higher than the multi-year average . Among the provinces, sea level rise of Hainan was the largest, exceeding 113mm, the next was Guangdong, exceeding 93mm, and the others were between 43-84mm. Regional characteristics indicated that rise of the sea level in the coastal areas of the South China was obviously higher than the North China。

常年

48

35

48

66

80

52 53

68

93

77

113

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

辽宁 河北 天津 山东 江苏 上海 浙江 福建 广东 广西 海南

海平面变化(毫

米)

Page 8: Impaction and Adaptation to Sea-Level Rise (SLR) in China Coastal Region

中国沿海海平面上升影响The Impaction to SLR in China Coastal Region

风暴潮灾害Storm Surge

2002年9月浙江沿岸遭受“森拉克”风暴潮袭击

In recent 10 years,the direct economic losses of China by storm surges accounted to more than 120 billion yuan and

28 billion yuan at the most serious year. The died people were totally 3,778 and 1,000 at the most serious year. The

frequency of storm surges is 1.5 times than 10 year before at coastal region of Guangdong.

最近10年中,我国由风暴潮造成的直接经济损失高达1200多亿元,严重年份280多亿元,死亡总计竟达3738人,严重年份超过1000人。广东沿海遭受强风暴潮影响的频率最近10年比以前增加了1.5倍;而长江三角洲地区更是增加了2.5倍以上。

Page 9: Impaction and Adaptation to Sea-Level Rise (SLR) in China Coastal Region

中国沿海海平面上升影响

The Impaction to SLR in China Coastal Region

风暴潮灾害Storm Surge 9711特大风暴潮:福建省至辽宁省沿海的潮位都超过当地的警戒潮位;浙江的健跳和海门甚至出现了千年一遇的高潮位;上海地区的潮位距其千年一遇工程设计标准仅差0.14m。这次风暴潮造成214人死亡,直接经济损失逾287亿元。

2004年浙江省象山县海水养殖场被淹没

2004年8月12日台州市海门港

货轮被“云娜”台风浪推上海堤

Storm Surge 9711:

The direct economic losses was 28.7 billion yuan and 214 died at 9711.The water level at all coastal tide gauges from Liaoning to Fujian Provence were exceeded the warning Sea-level. The water level at Shanghai,Jiantiao and Haimen were at the 1000-year-return-period water level.

Page 10: Impaction and Adaptation to Sea-Level Rise (SLR) in China Coastal Region

中国沿海海平面上升影响

The Impaction to SLR in China Coastal Region

海岸侵蚀灾害Coastal Erosions我国70%的沙质海岸已受到侵蚀,且随着海平面上升近年来侵蚀速度加快。环渤海沿岸秦皇岛和滦河口海岸,目前以每年2~3米的速度后退;辽东湾东岸岸线,年后退速度约15米左右;山东的龙口至烟台区域海岸侵蚀速度达6.65米/年;海南省海口市新海乡1998年至2002年间,局部岸段侵蚀后退约80米。

这些侵蚀造成了当地乡村迁移、海岸工程损毁、房屋坍塌、防护林带消失等危害,严重影响了当地的社会稳定和生态环境。

The 70% Sandiness Coastline of China had been Eroded and the erosion rate was speed up with the SLR. The coastline of Qinghuangdao and Liaodong Bay were erased at the speed of 2~3m/a and 15m/a. The coastline from longkou to Yantai of Shangdong Provence was erased exceeds 6.65m/a. From 1998 to 2002, the partly coastline of Haikou had erased 80m.The coastal erosions aroused village withdraw,coastal engineering destroyed,protect forest disappeared and other disasters and made the local ecosystem even worse.

Page 11: Impaction and Adaptation to Sea-Level Rise (SLR) in China Coastal Region

中国沿海海平面上升影响

The Impaction to SLR in China Coastal Region

海岸侵蚀灾害Coastal Erosions

Page 12: Impaction and Adaptation to Sea-Level Rise (SLR) in China Coastal Region

中国沿海海平面上升影响The Impaction to SLR in China Coastal Region

土壤盐渍化灾害Soil Salination

辽宁锦州

Page 13: Impaction and Adaptation to Sea-Level Rise (SLR) in China Coastal Region

中国沿海海平面上升影响The Impaction to SLR in China Coastal Region

近岸生态系统Coastal ecosystem海岸工程Coastal engineering海岸开发Coastal development

1m 0.1

Page 14: Impaction and Adaptation to Sea-Level Rise (SLR) in China Coastal Region

中国沿海海平面上升适应对策The Adaptation Actions to SLR in China Coastal Region

中国海平面监测系统和信息采集系统Observation and Data Collection System

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Page 15: Impaction and Adaptation to Sea-Level Rise (SLR) in China Coastal Region

中国沿海海平面上升适应对策The Adaptation Actions to SLR in China Coastal Region

中国海平面监测系统和信息采集系统Observation and Data Collection System

1.台站基准潮位核定Benchmark checking

2.沿海海平面上升影响信息调查和采集Data collection of impaction to SLR

3.警戒潮位核定Warning sea-level setting up

Page 16: Impaction and Adaptation to Sea-Level Rise (SLR) in China Coastal Region

中国沿海海平面上升适应对策The Adaptation Actions to SLR in China Coastal Region

中国海平面监测系统和信息采集系统Observation and Data Collection System

1.台站基准潮位核定Benchmark checking

●●

● 校核水准点BM4

井外水尺

石头点(原校核点)

基本水准点BM2 拟作基本点

BM6

现用验潮井

旧验潮井

闸坡支10号(海鸥小学内)

120

140

160

180

200

220

56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06

年份

平均

海平

面(

cm)

东方站原始海平面过程线

订正后东方站海平面过程线

基本水准点BM2

基本水准点BM2

Page 17: Impaction and Adaptation to Sea-Level Rise (SLR) in China Coastal Region

中国沿海海平面上升适应对策The Adaptation Actions to SLR in China Coastal Region

中国海平面监测系统和信息采集系统Observation and Data Collection System

2.沿海海平面上升影响信息调查和采集Data collection of impaction to SLR

(1) 基础地理状况信息 geography info.

(2) 堤防状况信息 embankment info.

(3) 海洋工程信息 marine engineering

(4) 地面沉降信息 land subside info.(5) 海岸侵蚀信息 coastal erosion info.(6) 土壤盐渍化信息 soil salination info.

(7) 咸潮入侵信息 salted water invade info.

(8) 生态状况信息 ecosystem info.

(9) 灾害信息 disasters info.

(10)社会经济状况信息society and economic info

Page 18: Impaction and Adaptation to Sea-Level Rise (SLR) in China Coastal Region

中国沿海海平面上升适应对策The Adaptation Actions to SLR in China Coastal Region

海平面预测系统Sea-Level prediction System

1. 统计预报:单站Statistical model

2.数值预报:全球、局地Numerical model for global and local

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Page 19: Impaction and Adaptation to Sea-Level Rise (SLR) in China Coastal Region

ECHAM5大气模式

MPI-OM海洋模式

耦合植被、陆面等过程

IPCC不同CO2情景浓度

IPCC不同CO2情景浓度下的海洋强迫场

基于三角网格有限元海洋数值模式开发建立含有潮汐模块的全球海平面数值预测模型(OGCTM)

海平面数值预测系统

Page 20: Impaction and Adaptation to Sea-Level Rise (SLR) in China Coastal Region

海平面综合数据库

海平面上升分析预测

1.DEM 模型 2.评估指标体系 3.评估方法和模型 4.风险等级区划 5.防护成本评估 ……

风险度区划

人口、城镇…

风暴潮

工程设计参数

盐水入侵

岸线变迁

滩涂湿地

海平面上升影响评价信息系统

海岸侵蚀

工农业生产总值、企业数…

社会经济 自然环境开发建设灾害防治

中国沿海海平面上升适应对策The Adaptation Actions to SLR in China Coastal Region

海平面上升影响评价系统The impact Assessment System to SLR

1.海平面上升影响评价标准The Assessment Standard of Impaction to SLR

2.海平面上升影响评价指标体系The index of assessment of impaction to SLR

3.海岸带地区DEM模型The DEM model in coastal Region

4.海平面上升影响脆弱性区划The vulnerability zoning of impact to SLR

Page 21: Impaction and Adaptation to Sea-Level Rise (SLR) in China Coastal Region

中国沿海海平面上升适应对策The Adaptation Actions to SLR in China Coastal Region

海平面上升影响评价系统The impact Assessment System to SLR

Page 22: Impaction and Adaptation to Sea-Level Rise (SLR) in China Coastal Region

中国沿海海平面上升适应对策The Adaptation Actions to SLR in China Coastal Region

海平面上升影响评价系统The impact Assessment System to SLR

Page 23: Impaction and Adaptation to Sea-Level Rise (SLR) in China Coastal Region

中国沿海海平面上升适应对策The Adaptation Actions to SLR in China Coastal Region

中国沿海海平面上升影响评价报告The impact Assessment System to SLR

Page 24: Impaction and Adaptation to Sea-Level Rise (SLR) in China Coastal Region

中国沿海海平面上升适应对策The Adaptation Actions to SLR in China Coastal Region

中国沿海海平面上升影响评价报告The impact Assessment System to SLR

1.中国海平面公报Bulletin of the Sea-level of China in 2009

2.中国海平面月报

Monthly report of the Sea-level of China

3.中国沿海地区海平面上升影响评价报告The Assessment Reports of Impact to SLR in China

Coastal Region

Page 25: Impaction and Adaptation to Sea-Level Rise (SLR) in China Coastal Region

中国沿海海平面上升适应对策The Adaptation Actions to SLR in China Coastal Region

中国沿海海平面上升影响评价报告The impact Assessment System to SLR

Page 26: Impaction and Adaptation to Sea-Level Rise (SLR) in China Coastal Region

中国沿海海平面上升适应对策The Adaptation Actions to SLR in China Coastal Region

中国沿海海平面上升影响评价报告The impact Assessment System to SLR

中国海平面公报

1 概述 preface

2 中国海平面变化状况 The SLR of China

2.1全海域海平面变化状况 The SLR of China Sea

2.2 海区海平面变化状况 The SLR of China Seas

3 各省(自治区、直辖市)沿海海平面变化及影响状况

The SLR and Impact to SLR on China coastal Provinces

4 气候变化与海平面上升 Climate Change and SLR

5 海平面上升与海洋灾害 Marine Disasters and SLR

6 应对海平面上升适应对策 The Adaption Strategies for

SLR

Page 27: Impaction and Adaptation to Sea-Level Rise (SLR) in China Coastal Region

中国沿海海平面上升适应对策The Adaptation Actions to SLR in China Coastal Region

中国沿海海平面上升影响评价报告The impact Assessment System to SLR

110.0 114.0 118.0 122.020.0

22.0

24.0

26.0

28.0

30.0

32.0

34.0

36.0

38.0

40.0

Shanghai

Nantong

Zhenjiang

Yangzhou

Changzhou

Suzhou

JiaxingHuzhou

Hangzhou

ShaoxingNingbo

Taizhou

Yancheng

119.0 119.5 120.0 120.5 121.0 121.5 122.0 122.5 123.0 123.5 124.029.5

30.0

30.5

31.0

31.5

32.0

32.5

33.0

33.5

Foshan

Guangzhou

DongguanHuizhou

Xianggang

Shenzhen

Aomen

Zhuhai

Zhongshan

112.6 112.8 113.0 113.2 113.4 113.6 113.8 114.0 114.2 114.4

21.6

21.8

22.0

22.2

22.4

22.6

22.8

23.0

23.2

23.4

Dongying

Binzhou

117.8 118.2 118.6 119.0 119.4 119.8 120.236.8

37.0

37.2

37.4

37.6

37.8

38.0

38.2

38.4

38.6

38.8

长 江

黄 河

珠江

Page 28: Impaction and Adaptation to Sea-Level Rise (SLR) in China Coastal Region

谢 谢!Thanks