impact. the solar system nine eight planets over 170,000 catalogued asteroids ???? centaurs ????...
TRANSCRIPT
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Impact
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The Solar System
• Nine Eight Planets• Over 170,000 catalogued asteroids• ???? Centaurs• ???? KBO’s (including one disgruntled ex-
planet)• Millions of Comets
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Impact Mechanics• Energy of motion turns into heat• 10-m rock at 20 km/sec = 150 kt = 10
Hiroshima atomic bombs• Energy released in seconds• Impacting object destroyed• Crater 20-30 times diameter of impacting
object• Crater is round regardless of approach path
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The Impact Process
• Atmospheric Entry• Contact-Compression • Penetration – Transient Crater• Excavation• Collapse
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Impacts on Earth
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Small Impacts Make Simple Pit Craters
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A Simple Lunar Crater - Bessel
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Recent Impact – Meteor Crater
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Medium Impacts Create Central-Peak Craters
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How Central Peaks Form
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Tycho (93 km) Moon
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Upheaval Dome, Utah
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Peak Ring Craters
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Schrodinger: A Peak-Ring Crater
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Clearwater Lakes, Quebec
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Large Impacts Result in Multiple-Ring Basins
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Mare Orientale,
Moon
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Comets and Planetary History
• Superposition• Crater Saturation• Crater Degradation
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Superposition
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Crater Saturation
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Crater Degradation
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Recognizing Craters on Earth• Craters rapidly destroyed by erosion• Circular geologic structures• Impact melts• Impact breccias• Shock metamorphism• Shatter cones
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Manicouagan, Quebec
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Sudbury, An Ancient Impact Site
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A Shatter Cone
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Fallback Breccia
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Mega-Impacts:
As Usual, Gary Larson Gets There First
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Computer Simulations by H.J. Melosh (University of Arizona)
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