impact of visible transmittance the 20th on the...
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IMPACT OF VISIBLE TRANSMITTANCE
ON THE OBJECT CLASSIFICATION THAT
CAN BE DISPLAYED IN THE MUSEUM
Urban Retrofitting: Building, Cities and Communities
in The Disruptive Era
The 20th
International Conference on
Sustainable
Environment
& Architecture
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Desliana Putri Pratiwi 1, Rizki A. Mangkuto 1, Moch. Donny Koerniawan 1
Tommy Partogi Simamora 1
1 Institut Teknologi Bandung
INTRODUCTION & LITERATURE REVIEWPlace Your
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Introduction
• Museum is a place where there are exhibited objects on display, yet also a
preserved object that are sensitive to its ambient conditions, especially
light exposure [1].
• Museum in Indonesia in particular is a building that used to have an initial
function not as a museum like Museum Sejarah Jakarta which was
originally the Batavia city administration office
• The building design does not meet the criteria of museum that should be
fulfilled, primarily in terms of lighting. The use of natural daylight with a
good control strategy allows sustainable energy conservation [3].
• The museum has quite complex criteria. This is due to the presence of
exhibited objects or collections in museums that are as sensitive as
organic material.
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Figure 1. Picture of Museum Sejarah Jakarta
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Classification Material Description ExampleMax Illuminance
[lx]
Max Exposure
[lx.h/y]
R0 Not sensitive Stone, pure ceramic no limit no limit
R1 Slightly sensitivePainting on canvas,
woods200 600,000
R2 Sensitive Fur, leather 50 150,000
R3 Highly sensitive Colorants, silk 50 15,000
Table 1. Museum object classifications based on CIE 157:2004
• Indonesia is a country that is at or close to the equator so it has tropical climate. Countries in
tropical climates receive direct sunlight throughout the year.
• Most studies on lighting in museum spaces are conducted in non-tropical countries such as
North America, Europe and Australia, as well as in East Asia [9] and the Middle East [10, 11],
and have not been widely held in tropical.
• The visible transmittance (VT) of a glazing is considered to be investigated as variables
influence daylighting in the museum.
The maximum limit of illumination (lighting level) and annual light exposure that can be
received by each category of show objects are listed in Table 1 (CIE 157:2004) [5], as
well as a few material examples [6].
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Table 2. Daysim Simulation parameters
Figure 2. Front view of museum model
Parameter Description Used value
-ab ambient bounces 5
-ad ambient division 512
-as
ambient
sampling 256
-aa
ambient
accuracy 0.15
-ar
ambient
resolution 128
2.1 Modelling and Simulation
• The room is hypothetical case of a 12 m × 9 m × 4.5 m
using Daysim [13]. There is a glazing opening on west-side
wall with dimension of 4,5 m × 1,8 m or 20% WWR
• The metric used in this research is annual light exposure
(lx.h/y).
• The calculation surfaces or sensors of simulated light
exposure are on the inner walls.
• 11 variations of glazing visible transmittance (VT) are
simulated
2.2 Sensitivity AnalysisSensitivity analysis is done by
performing linear regression to obtain
Standard Regression Coefficient
(SRC). This value determines how
many standard deviations of dependent
variable will change with respect to the
uncertainty of the independent variable
[15].
𝑦1 = 𝛽0 + 𝛽1𝑥1 + 𝜖1
The SRC is denoted by β1.The SRC range between -1 to 1.
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Figure 3. Annual light exposure contours on east wall
Based on these results, it can be seen that the light exposure value is
increasing as the value of visible transmittance is increased. When the
visible transmittance is set to 0.25, the east wall has an average annual
light exposure of 268,789 lx.h/y, the 0.75 visible transmittance yield a result
of average exposure 698,437 lx.h/y. East wall contour in of 0.25; 0.30;
0.35; 0.40 (consecutively), indicating that the exhibited objects with the R1
(slightly sensitive) and RO (non-sensitive) classifications can be displayed
along the ideal line of sight for museum visitors at an altitude of 1.5 to 2 m
from the floor. The east wall can only be used to display non-sensitive
objects if the glazing visible transmittance is 0.45 to 0.75.
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
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3.1 Annual Light Exposure
Figure 5. Annual light exposure contours on north wallFigure 4. Annual light exposure contours on south wall
Annual light exposure contours pattern of south wall is fairly identical to the pattern of
north wall.
Based on the annual illuminance
contours on the north and south
walls with visible transmittance
0.25, the exhibition objects with the
R1 and R0 classification can be
displayed in all areas of the ideal
line of human sight. Then, contours
with larger visible transmittance
shows that there is a yellowish area
which indicate that the area is
exposed to more daylight as the
visible transmittance value is also
increasing. The area far from the
window can still exhibit R1 objects
in the ideal line of human sight, until
visible transmittance of 0.60.
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0,9991
0,9994
0,998
South wall
North wall
East wall
SRC for Annual Light Exposure
Figure 6. SRC value for annual light exposure
The SRC values are all positive. It indicates that the higher visible
transmittance, the more the surface received light exposure. The SRC also
shows that visible transmittance is an important design parameter to be
considered to optimize daylight exposure in museum
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• The increasing number of glazing visible transmittance value would result a higher annual light
exposure on a surface.
• Simulation on the east wall indicates that that the exhibited objects with the R1 (slightly sensitive)
and RO (non-sensitive) classifications can be displayed along the ideal line of sight for museum
visitors at an altitude of 1.5 to 2 m from the floor if the visible transmittance of glazing is 0.25 – 0.40.
• The contour on the north wall patterns as if it is directly mirrored from the south wall contour. Both
contours form adjacent lines that surround an area close to the window.
• With glazing visible transmittance of 0.25, the south and north wall can exhibit objects with R1 and
R0 classification in all areas of the ideal line of human sight.
• The increase in visible transmittance of glazing does affect the contour pattern of annual light
exposure in a surface makes the pattern area with high annual light exposure get wider.
• The SRC prove that visible transmittance is an important design parameter to be considered to
optimize daylight exposure in museum.
REFERENCESPlace Your
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1. Heuken SJ. Tempat-tempat Bersejarah di Jakarta. Cipta Loka Caraka, 2015. ISBN 974-602-70395-7-5.
2. Dinas Kebudayaan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. (2014). Koleksi Unggulan Museum Yogyakarta. Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Penulis.
3. Entwistle, J. (1999). Designing with Light. London: Rotovision Press.
4. Beute, F. (2014). Powered by nature: the psychological benefits of natural views and daylight Eindhoven: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven DOI:
10.6100/IR780722.
5. CIE 157:2004. Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage, technical report, control of damage to museum objects by optical radiation, Vienna; 2004
6. Ajmat, Raul & Sandoval, Jose & Sema, F. & Odonell, Beatriz & Gor, Sergio & Alonso, H.. (2011). Lighting design in museums: Exhibition vs. preservation.
10.2495/STR110171.
7. Mohd Hamdan A. The influence of roof form and interior cross section on daylighting in the atrium spaces in Malaysia. Doctor of Philosophy, University of
Manchester. 1996.
8. Fadzil SFS, Sia S-J. Kontrol sinar matahari dan analisis distribusi siang hari: studi kasus KOMTAR. Bangunan dan Lingkungan. 2004; 39 (6): 713-7.
9. Kim, C-S., Chung, S-J. (2011). Daylighting simulation as an architectural design process in museums installed with toplights. Building and Environment,
46, 210-222.
10. Al-Sallal, K.A., AbouElhamd, A.R., Bin Dalmouk, M. (2018). UAE heritage buildings converted into museums: Evaluation of daylighting effectiveness and
potential risks on artifacts and visual comfort. Energy and Buildings, 176, 333-359.
11. Sharif-Askari, H., Abu-Hijleh, B. (2018). Review of museums’ indoor environment conditions studies and guidelines and their impact on the museums’
artifacts and energy consumption. Building and Environment, 143, 186-195.
12. Energy Performance Rating. Sunlight Transmittance. Retrieved from https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/design/windows-doors-and-skylights/
13. Huang, Xianfeng & Wei, Shangyou & Zhu, Shangyu. (2020). Study on Daylighting Optimization in the Exhibition Halls of Museums for Chinese Calligraphy
and Painting Works. Energies. 13. 240. 10.3390/en13010240.
14. Reinhart, C-F., and Wienold, J. (2011). The daylight dashboard – A simulationbased design analysis for daylit space, Building and Environment, pp. 386-
396.
15. Larry D. Schroeder, David L. Sjoquist, Paula E. Stephan, “Understanding regression analysis, “Sage Publications, pp. 31-32, 1986.
Thank You
The 20th International Conference on
Sustainable Environment & Architecture
Supported By:Organized By:Presenter Affiliation:
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