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Impact of Enlightenment on America
▪ American Revolution- 1776– Thomas Jefferson influenced by John Locke when writing the Declaration of
Independence
– Montesquieu influences the Constitution with a system of checks and balances
– Voltaire, Locke and Rousseau the American Bill of Rights
– Taxation without Representation
▪ American Revolution motivates the French to revolt
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION(1789)
Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité
The Estate System
▪ Social class system – First Estate – Clergy (1%)
– Second Estate- Nobles (2%)
– Third Estate- Bourgeoisie, Workers and Peasants (97%)▪ Paid most of the taxes
▪ King Louise XVI and Marie Antoinette – Caused debt with war and extravagant spending
The Revolution Begins
▪ Estates General is called to figure out national debt– Third Estate is taxed more
– Creation of National Assemble
– Tennis Court Oath – 3rd Estate swore to write a new constitution
▪ Storming the Bastille – July 14th 1789
– Caused by rumors
– French citizens gathered weapons to defend the city
That Escalated Quickly
▪ National Assembly creates Declaration of the Rights of Man– Ends the Estate System
– Eventually leads to limits on the Kings power
– Louise tries to escape but gets caught
▪ France goes to War with Prussia and Austria – Royal family is imprisoned by the French people
– French citizens kill supporters of the King
– Abolish monarchy and create a Republic
It Gets Worse
▪ Jacobins take over the French government – Tried and executed King Louise XVI with the guillotine
▪ Maximillian Robespierre- Jacobin Leader and Leader of the Committee for public Safety – ruled as a dictator
– Reign of Terror – 40,000 people executed (No one was safe)
– Robespierre executed by guillotine
The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte
▪ Napoleon- French general that restored order and peace to France.– Won key battles against France’s enemies
– Led a coup d'état to become dictator of France
– Established Napoleonic code- uniform set of laws
– Crowned himself emperor
– Conquered most of Europe
The Fall of Napoleon Bonaparte
▪ Napoleon made costly mistakes
– Continental System- used to make Europe self sufficient and destroy British economy.
– Invaded Russia and Russia used Scorched Earth Policy – Everything was destroyed
– Army became too weak and inexperienced and Napoleon was exiled.
The Comeback Kid
▪ Napoleon returns from exile to rule France again
▪ He is defeated at the Battle of Waterloo , ending isHundred Day return.
– Exiled again to St. Helena Island
▪ Congress of Vienna- wanted to restore order to post Napoleon Europe
– Klemens Von Metternich most influential
– No more Democracy
Revolt In The Americas
Haiti and Latin America
Haiti Revolts
▪ French island colony called Saint Domingue
▪ Slaves heavily outnumbered their masters
– 500,000 slaves on the island
▪ Toussaint L’Overture – led the first successful slave
rebellion in the Americas
Independent Latin America
▪ Simon Bolivar- Creole officer that freed Venezuela from Spanish rule
– Countries in South America combined into Gran Columbia
– Gran Columbia was later split up because of geography and cultural differences
▪ Miguel Hidalgo- Priest and early leader in gaining independence for Mexico
▪ Dom Pedro- gained independence for Brazil in a bloodless revolution
– Was Brazil’s first leader