impact of bvdv vaccination programs - usaha...=bull breeding =estrus synchronization wean 75 heifer...

Impact of BVDV vaccination programs

USAHA Subcommittee on BVDVKansas City

Paul H. WalzDepartment of Pathobiology

Genus Pestivirus - 2008– BVDV 1 (11 subgenotypes; BVDV 1a; BVDV 1b)– BVDV 2 (2 subgenotypes; BVDV 2a)– Hog cholera virus (classical swine fever virus)– Border disease virus (BDV-1; BDV-2; BDV-3)– Giraffe 1, Pronghorn, Reindeer-1 (BDV-2), Ho_Bi

Genus Pestivirus - 2018– Pestivirus A: BVDV 1 (21 subgenotypes)– Pestivirus B: BVDV 2 (4 subgenotypes)– Pestivirus C: CSFV– Pestivirus D: BDV– Pestivirus E: Pronghorn antelope pestivirus– Pestivirus F: Bungowannah virus– Pestivirus G: Giraffe pestivirus– Pestivirus H: Hobi-like pestivirus– Pestivirus I: Aydin-like pestivirus– Pestivirus J: rat pestivirus– Pestivirus K: atypical porcine pestivirus

Efficacy of viral reproductive vaccinesBVD virus

BVDV Vaccination: Fetal Infection

MLV

KV

0.15

MLV and KV

Vaccination provides the best protection when the best products are administered at the best times

Grooms DS, Givens MD, Sanderson MW, et al., Bovine Practitioner 43(2):106-116;2009

=Bull breeding=Estrus synchronization

Wean 75 heifer calves

(5 to 7 m of age)

Day 0

BVDV PI exposure (Days 715 to 731)

TAI(Day 214)

Vaccination: Group A received MLV. Group B received CV.Group C received saline.

183 366 738

IV inoculation with BoHV‐1

830 978

Pregnancy status assessed on Days 731, 746, 774, 802, 830 and

subsequently every two weeks (Days 746 to 978) until all cows

aborted or calved.

TAI(Day 620)

Last calf due to be born following

dual virus exposure

Calving

491 554

Pregnancy Check(Day 345)

Abortion/calving

Vaccination: Groups A and B received MLV. Group C received saline.

//

Vaccination: Group A received MLV. Group B received CV.Group C received saline.

Pregnancy Check(Day 711)

Figure 1. Design of research to assess efficacy of revaccination with multivalent modified-live viral (MLV) or combination viral (CV; temperature-sensitive MLV BoHV-1 and killed BVDV ). The study was initiated with 30 heifers in Treatment Group A, 30 heifers in Treatment Group B, and 15 heifers in Treatment Group C. m = months; TAI = timed artificial insemination; BVDV = bovine viral diarrhea virus; PI = persistently infected; IV = intravenous; BoHV-1 = bovine herpesvirus-1.

Funded by Zoetis

Antibody Titers to Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus 2 (Strain 125c)

Immunity acquired by booster vaccination with KV viral vaccine following priming vaccination with MLV viral

vaccine prior to breeding is transferred to the nursing calf

Antibody Titers to Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (Colorado Strain)

Detection of BVDV and BoHV-1 in Fetuses and Calvesa = abortion after BVD exposure but before inoculation with BoHV-1A = abortion after BVDV exposure and inoculation with BoHV-1C = live calfRed =BVDVBlue = BoHV-1Black = both viruses

**Significant difference detected among treatment groups for samples cumulatively.

Vaccines for bovine reproductive pathogens must provide fetal and abortive protection against Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV).

Safety concerns associated with MLV vaccines have led some producers to utilize only KV vaccines in prebreeding and annual revaccination herd health programs.

Thus, a comparative assessment of the fetal and abortive protective efficacy resulting from pre-breeding vaccination of cows with different KV vaccines is needed.

Funding provided by Zoetis Animal Health

0 21

Vaccinate: Group A: CattleMaster® Gold FP®5; Spirovac®L5Group B: ViraShield® 6 + L5 HBGroup C: Triangle™ 10 HBGroup D: Control (saline)

42 101

Bull breeding

129

Preg √

133 161 325 384

Assess pregnancy status every three weeks (days 161-384) until all cows aborted or calved

BVDV PI Exposure (28 days)

135 198

Bull breeding

418 481231 259

92 pregnant cows

28 cows

Assess pregnancy status every three weeks (days 251-487) until all cows aborted or calved

Calving

Calving

9 PIs (3 each of 1a, 1b, 2a)

3 PIs (single 1a, 1b, 2a)

122 beef heifers and

cows

18 pregnant cowsPreg √

220

PI AnimalBVDV

genotypeserum nasal swab serum nasal swab

11 1b 6.25 x 104 6.25 x 104 2.0 x 104 6.25 x 104

12 2 3.51 x 105 2.0 x 105 2.0 x 104 6.25 x 104

18 2 3.51 x 103 2.0 x 105

28 2 4.86 x 103 3.51 x 105

32 1a 6.25 x 103 3.51 x 104 3.51 x 103 3.51 x 104

34 1a 6.25 x 103 2.0 x 104 3.51 x 103 6.25 x 104

285 1b 6.25 x 104 3.51 x 104 6.25 x 103 6.25 x 103

407 1a 3.51 x 103 2.0 x 104 3.51 x 102 3.51 x 104

819 1b 2.0 x 103 6.25 x 104 2.0 x 103 2.0 x 104

3/16* 2 6.25 x 104 3.51 x 105 6.25 x 103 6.25 x 104

Day 133, 4/26/16 Day 161, 5/24/16

* 02May2016

died: 23May2016died: 28Apr2016

PI AnimalBVDV

genotypeserum nasal swab serum nasal swab

12 2 6.25 x 103 6.25 x 104 2.0 x 104 6.25 x 104

32 1a 3.51 x 104 3.51 x 104 3.51 x 103 3.51 x 104

285 1b 3.51 x 105 2.0 x 105 6.25 x 104 6.25 x 103

Day 231, 8/2/16 Day 259, 8/30/16

100%

CONTROL (SALINE)

≤ 48 ─ 32≥ 64

Proportion of study cows (n=110) with antibody titers directed against BVDV 2 (125c) at the onset of challenge

3%

45%52%

CATTLEMASTER® GOLD FP®5; SPIROVAC®L5

94%

6%

VIRASHIELD® 6 + L5 HB

51%39%

10%

TRIANGLE™ 10 HB

Proportion of cows with at least one positive result for BVDV on WBC passage between day 6-10 of exposure

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

CattleMaster® GoldFP®5; Spirovac®L5

ViraShield® 6 + L5 HB Triangle™ 10 HB Control (saline)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%



Persistently Infected (PI) No evidence of BVDV transplacental infection

Infection Results – Fetuses and Calves (n=104)

43% 93% 60% 100%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%



Persistently Infected (PI) No evidence of BVDV transplacental infection

Infection Results – Live-born Calves (n=92)

35% 92% 57% 100%

Total Number of BVDV genotypes by Group

13 PIs from 31 pregnancies




3

2

02468

10121416182022


ViraShield® 6 + L5HB

Triangle™ 10 HB Control (saline)

1a 1b 2a

BVDV1a-NADL

BVDV1a-Singer

BVDV1c-Bega

BVDV1c-Trangie

AuPI407

AuPI34

AuPI32

AuPI11

BVDV1b-NY-1

BVDV1b-TGAN

AuPI819

AuPI285

BVDV2b-VS-63

BVDV2b-VS123.4

AuPI12

AuPI3 16

BVDV2a-890

BVDV2a-1373

AuPI28

AuPI18

0.0000.0500.1000.150

Number of Progeny Pis (n=73)

11

76

810

7

258

BVDV 1b(24)

BVDV 2a(40)

BVDV 1a (9)

Calving


=Group D

=Group C=Group A

=Group B

164 182 185 195 197 204 257 266 269 290 295 307

Sequence of Abortion – All cows (110 pregnancies – 18 abortions)Note: Number below arrow indicates study day

Calving


=Group D

=Group C

175 182 185 195 197 204 257 266 269 290 295 307

Current Situation:• Large commercial dairy farms experiencing BVDV

• Utilizing 4 doses of MLV prior to first breeding

• Two doses as calves (35 and 80 days of age)

• 150 days of age• 30 days prior to breeding

• Multiple PI calves in 1st calf heifers • Approaching 2% prevalence

• BVDV 1b subgenotype

Table 1. Current BVDV vaccines. (MLV = modified-live viral; KV = killed viral; cp = cytopathic)

Vaccine Manufacturer Formulation BVDV 1a strain BVDV 2 strain

Express 5 Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. (BIVI) MLV Singer (cp) 296 (cp)

Pyramid 5 BIVI MLV Singer(cp) 5912 (cp)

Boviehield Gold 5 Zoetis MLV NADL (cp) 53637 (cp)

Titanium 5 Elanco MLV C24V (cp) 296 (cp)

Vista 5 SQ Merck MLV Singer (cp) 125A (cp)

MaterGuard 5 Elanco KV C24V (cp) 125c (cp)

Triangle 5 BIVI KV Singer (cp) 5912 (cp)

CattleMaster Gold FP Zoetis KV 5960 (cp) 53637 (cp)

ViraShield 6 Elanco KV K22 (cp)GL760 (ncp) TN131 (ncp)

GENOTYPE Tajima & Dubovi:

Bulk milk samples from 16 herds & 37 infected

cattle

40%

49%

11%

Fulton: 1,263 PI cattle entering a feedlot (4‐years)

9.7%

12%

78.3%

Vaccination

Immunization

Prevention of Infection

Is the increasing frequency of BVDV 1b identification the result of failure to

vaccinate, failure to immunize, or failure to prevent fetal infection?

Control of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Ruminants

ACVIM-LA Consensus Statement2018 Update

BVDV infections in Ruminants – 2018 ACVIM LA Consensus Statement

Consensus Statement 2018 Panel

• Paul Walz, Auburn University• Manuel Chamorro, Kansas State University• Shollie Falkenberg, USDA NADC• Thomas Passler, Auburn University• Frank van der Meer, University of Calgary• Amelia Woolums, Mississippi State University

Consensus Statement Purpose

“Consensus Statements of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) provide veterinarians with

guidelines regarding the pathophysiology, diagnosis, or treatment of animal diseases. The foundation of a Consensus Statement is evidence-based medicine, but if such evidence is

conflicting or lacking, the panel provides interpretive recommendations based on their collective expertise.



Critical areas for discussion - 2008• Genotypic, biotypic, and antigenic variation• Pathogenesis• Infection in heterologous species – reservoirs

and interspecific transmission• Effective BVDV control

– Diagnosis– Vaccination– Biosecurity

• Eradication


Evaluation of science on controlling BVDV – 2018What are major points?

• Genotype and antigenic variation– Diversity of strain types– Vaccination-escape viruses

• Pathogenesis – foundation of immunosuppression• Effective BVDV control

– Diagnosis– Vaccination

• Safety and efficacy• Inclusion of BVDV 1b in current vaccines

– Biosecurity• Eradication – is it possible in North America

Questions?

[email protected]

impact of bvdv vaccination programs - usaha...=bull breeding =estrus synchronization wean 75 heifer...

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