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Impact Evaluation Study of
“National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP)-Ph ase I”
Carried out by
Evaluation Sector
Implementation Monitoring and Evaluation Division (IMED) Ministry of Planning, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh
Conducted by
Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS)
June 2014
Impact Evaluation Study of
“National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP)-Ph ase I”
Carried out by
Evaluation Sector
Implementation Monitoring and Evaluation Division (IMED) Ministry of Planning, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh
Conducted by
Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS)
E-17 Agargaon, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar Dhaka 1207
June 2014
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Impact Evaluation Study of the “National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP) - Phase I”
was initiated and financed by the IMED, Ministry of Planning, Government of Bangladesh.
We are deeply grateful to them for the financial support they have provided and for their
unflinching co-operation. In this connection, we specially acknowledge the help we have
received from Director General, Evaluation Sector, Implementation Monitoring and
Evaluation Division, Ministry of Planning and several officials of IMED.
The designation and presentation of materials in this report do not imply the expression of
any opinion whatsoever on the part of IMED nor of the Government of Bangladesh, and
reflect the sole opinions and views of the authors, who are fully responsible for the contents,
findings and recommendations of this report. We are grateful to the Members of the
Technical Assistance Team and other experts of IMED for their helpful comments at various
phases of the research.
The authors are thankful to the various implementing agencies related to the NATP project
and we specially acknowledge Dr. Md. Abdur Razzaque, Project Director, PCU (NATP) for
co-operation in supplying us with not-so-readily-accessible information and documents. We
have also benefitted immensely from our discussions with different Upazila Agriculture
Officers and Sub-Assistant Agriculture Officers and it is our pleasant duty to thank them all.
We must acknowledge our gratitude to the field officers and other officials who helped to get
important information for this report.
The Evaluation Team
Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS)
Dhaka, June 2014
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ABBREVIATIONS
AAO Additional Agricultural Officer
ADP Annual Development Program
AEO Agricultural Extension Officer
ARIs Agricultural Research Institutes
AWD Alternate Wetting and Drying Method
BARC Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council
BARI Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute
BBS Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics
BFRI Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute
BINA Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture
BJRI Bangladesh Jute Research Institute
BLRI Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute
BPH Brown Plant Hopper
BRKB Bangladesh Rice Knowledge Bank
BRRI Bangladesh Rice Research Institute
BSRI Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute
BTRI Bangladesh Tea Research Institute
CCMC Commodity Collection and Marketing Centers
CEAL Community Extension Agent for Livestock
CGP Competitive Grants Program
CGS Competitive Grants Scheme
CIG Common Interest Group
DAE Department of Agricultural Extension
DLS Department of Livestock Services
DOE Department of Environment
DOF Department of Fisheries
DOSA Dollar Special Account
FIAC Farmers’ Information and Advice Centre
FGD Focus Group Discussion
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GOB Government of Bangladesh
ICT Information and Communication Technology
IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development
IMED Implementation Monitoring and Evaluation Division
IPE Independent Procurement Expert
ITE Independent Technical Expert
IUs Implementing Units
KGF Krishi Gobeshona Foundation
KII Key Informant Interview
LEAF Local Extension Agent for Fisheries
MIS Management Information System
MOA Ministry of Agriculture
MOFL Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock
NARS National Agricultural Research System
NATP National Agricultural Technology Project
NGO Non-government Organisation
PCT Procurement Core Team
PCU Project Coordination Unit
PIU Project Implementation Unit
PMC Project Management Committee
PO Producer Organization
RADP Revised Annual Development Plan
RYGM Rice Yield Gap Minimisation
SAAO Sub Assistant Agriculture Officer
SCDC Supply Chain Development Component
SOE Statement of Expenditure
SPGR Sponsored Public Goods Research
SRDI Soil Resource Development Institute
ToR Terms of Reference
UAO Upazila Agricultural Officer
UP Union Parishad
WB World Bank
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CONTENTS
Acknowledgements i
Abbreviations ii-iii
Executive Summary vi-ix
Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview 1-30
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Objectives of Present Evaluation of NATP-Phase I 4
1.3 Data and Method of Investigation 5
1.4 Implementation Method 16
1.5 Present Implementation Status of the Project 18
Chapter 2: Assessment of the Research Component under NATP Phase -1 31-49
2.1 Distribution of CGP and SPGR Project among Different 31
Organization
2.2 Distribution Pattern of Project in Different Ecosystem/areas 32
2.3 Status of the Project 33
2.4 Achievement from NATP Research Components 33
2.5 Training Provided 43
2.6 Discussion on Results 46
2.7 Summary of Research Component Evaluation and Recommendations 47
Chapter 3: Findings from Sample Survey of Farmers 50-81
3.1 Socio-Economic Profile of the Respondents 50
3.2 Land Ownership and Land Use Pattern for the CIG and
Control Farmers 51
3.3 Farmers’ Interactions and Experiences with CIG 53
3.4 Impact Analysis of Individual Technology 67
3.5 Annual Expenditure Pattern for the CIG and Control Farmers 78
3.6 Supply Chain Development Component 79
3.7 Conclusions and Recommendations 81
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Chapter 4: Procurement 82-93
4.1 Procurement Management (2008-2009) 82
4.2 Procurement Management (2009-2010) 84
4.3 Procurement Management (2010-2011) 86
4.4 Procurement Management (2011-2012) 88
4.5 Procurement Management (2012-2013) 89
4.6 Present Status of Procurement 93
Chapter 5: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations 94-96
References 97
Appendix 1: Data Collection Instruments 98-147
Appendix 2: Research Project Implemented under CGP 148
Appendix 3: Research Project Implemented under SPGR 157
Appendix 4: International and National PhD Fellows under NATP
Research Component 168
Appendix 5: Determinants of T. Aman (RYGM) and Boro (RYGM) Technology
Adoption and Level of Adoption 179
Appendix 6: The Evaluation Team 180
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Project
National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP), a five year project in the Phase-1 with the
financial support of the World Bank and IFAD was approved on February 07, 2008 and
became effective from March 25, 2008.The NATP comprises four major components: (i)
agricultural research support; (ii) agricultural extension support; (iii) development of supply
chains; and (iv) project management and coordination.The project is launched to increase
agricultural production, productivity and income of farmers. It is a long term development
program with funding support from Government of Bangladesh, World Bank and IFAD for a
period of 15 years in three phases.The project support comprises 4 (four) components
implemented by 7 (seven) implementing units. The components are: (i) agricultural research
support, (ii) agricultural extension support, (iii) development of supply chains and (iv) project
management and coordination. The implementing units includes: Bangladesh Agricultural
Research Council (BARC), KrishiGobeshona Foundation (KGF), Department of Agricultural
Extension (DAE), Department of Livestock Services (DLS), Department of Fisheries (DoF),
Hortex Foundation (Hortex) and Project Coordination Unit (PCU). The research component
is being implemented nationwide, whereas the extension component is being implemented in
120 upazilas. The supply chain development component is being implemented in 20
upazilas.PCU is looking after the overall coordination and management of the project
implementation under the guidance of PSC and PMC.However, the project implementation
started on October, 2008. NARS institutes and public universities participated in research
activities under PIU-BARC and NARS, universities, NGOs and private organizations (POs)
also participated in research activities under KGF. Extension activities were implemented by
DAE, DLS and DoF while the supply chain activities by Hortex Foundation. The project is
implemented in 120 upazilas of 25 districts. The Project Coordination Unit (PCU)
coordinated activities of the components and acted under the guidance of the Project Steering
Committee (PSC).
The overall objective of the longer term program (NATP in three phases over 15 years) is to
support GOB's strategy to improve national agricultural productivity and farm income, with
particular focus on marginal and small farmers. The development objective of the phase-I of
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the NATP is to improve effectiveness of the national agricultural technology system in
Bangladesh.
The Evaluation
The IMED has entrusted the evaluation of NATP Phase 1 to the BIDS. The ToR includes 11
objectives for detailed evaluation. Part of the ToR relates to the process of the project
including procurement, part on processes in the field (technology generation, CIG formation
etc) and the rest on output (such as productivity increases) and outcomes (better income and
expenditure capacity). Part of the methodology thus related to examination and analysis of
secondary data to be obtained from various institutions involved in project implementation.
The rest of the methodology involved generation data from the field based on quantitative
and qualitative methods. A sample of 300 CIG and 150 control farmers were chosen for the
purpose and an extensive questionnaire was used for the survey. In addition, first hand
qualitative data were generated using FGDs among farmers, extensive consultation with
officials both in the field and the headquarters of the organisations involved.
An Inception Report was submitted and later revised based on comments received. The
present report is following the revised Inception Report that had been approved earlier by the
IMED.
Research Component
From the detailed analysis of SPGR and KGF-based research (see Chapter 2), one can
conclude that the research effort had been quite successful as they go, with better
achievements in some fields compared to others. However, it appears that most studies have
had limited goals and their general applicability in terms of technology developed remain to
be further investigated. Secondly, the difference in the two strands of research is not always
obvious. SPGR should have broad based goals while KGF-sponsored research may be more
focused which these generally are. A third issue that came up but not specifically probed was
the long time needed in proposal submission, verification, award, grant release seem to be
rather long while the actual research time may be comparably short for understanding the
sustainability of the technology developed or tested.
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Procurement
There had been substantial procurement under the project made by the constituent
organisations. While one finds that goods and works have been procured, albeit with some
delays in the initial years, this has picked up well in later years. But for services there still
remains some bottlenecks for which these have lagged somewhat. The other issue was the
transparency and whether government and development partners’ guidelines for procurement
were followed. Available information on these are still sketchy. For example while one gets
information on planned and actual packages procured and money spent, there is hardly any
easily available information on number of bids, their shortlisting based on technical proposals
and proposed cost. The team observed package file and examined at random basis sample
procurements of different implementing units related to NATP. The team checked package
files and examined at random basis sample procurements of different implementing units of
NATP. On paper, there seems to adherence to guideline from development partner as evident
from World Bank’s no objection letters as well as to Govt. guidelines.
Farm Level Impacts
On the whole the team found that the NATP’s process of farmers group formation, its
functioning and technology dissemination process (through training, agricultural fair,
exhibition, advice services, etc.) may have worked quite well (for details see Chapter 3).
These resulted in higher productivity and return as farmers adopted better technology
particularly in case of rice but also in case of cash food crops. The NATP technology
recipient farmers produce more and earn higher profit compared to the control farmers. The
final outcome could be in terms of higher expenditure capacity although the food still
accounts for half of the total.
A Few Recommendations
Based on the analyses so far, the team recommends the following:
On research component:
a. Both SPGR and KGF sponsored research should be programme based for general
applicability, some progress has been made by focusing on hill and coastal ecosystem
which should be further carried forward
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b. Because of nature of transformation from project to programme, multi-year, larger
research ideas should be developed
c. SPGR should concentrate more on research for broad-based applicability and may
have somewhat different perspectives than KGF’s CGP which is oriented more
towards applicability of existing technologies
d. The pre-award time of verification etc. may be reviewed for shortening the process.
On procurement and its transparency:
For monitoring purposes the team suggests that the format of reporting should have
information on number of bidders, the number of short-listed bids according to technical
merit ranking and their proposed costs and the final winner of the bid as well as the value of
the bid. There should be a column stating reasons of deviation from initial proposed costs as
well as reasons if the bid ranked first has not been chosen.
On nature and extent of impact at the farm level:
From what has been discussed and analysed, one sees a good case for replication of the
NATP experiences all over the country, although the exact element of a particular technology
may vary from place to place.
There are certain concerns regarding the lack of funds for additional works that the SAAOs
carry out under NATP. This is a very time-intensive project and activities under say FIAC
while these need to be further extended can not be done well with the limited allocations for
incidentals that are provided. The real issue is to make NATP experiences and output and
outcome sustainable when the project ends. It is towards that the NATP may need to be fine-
tuned. A much more extensive field level examination of processes and the barriers to the
smooth implementation need to be found out and addressed carefully.
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
1.1 Background
According to the Sixth Five Year Plan of the Government (2011)1, the principal goal of
Bangladesh's economic policy is to reduce poverty so as to lift the vast majority of the people
above the poverty line and improve the quality of life for the average citizens. Although
considerable progress has been made in the fight against poverty, yet about 17.6 percent of
the people of Bangladesh lived below the lower poverty line in 2010 (BBS: 2010)2. Thus
Bangladesh has a long way to go to eliminate poverty. This requires high and inclusive
economic growth on a sustained basis and rapid growth of rural and agricultural economy.
Agriculture in Bangladesh is characterized by small farms and rice-dominated farming
system. The productivity of rice and other crops is low and there are large yield gaps between
farmers' fields and research trials. The same is true for other agricultural commodities such as
fisheries and livestock. Diversification of agricultural system to high value products is still
slow with limited post-harvest value addition. A three-pronged strategy with technology at
the core and requisite social mobilisation and prospects of higher economic return may help
transcend out of this morass. Reaching technologies to the farmers requires technology
generation and dissemination through the research and extension systems. Both research and
extension in Bangladesh remain largely in the public sector. Private investment in research
and extension is low. The NGOs, local governments, and community organizations are
coming up but very slowly. Therefore, the public sector must continue to play a leading role
in agricultural research and extension. This makes a strong case to strengthen the existing
research and extension institutions in terms of human resources, reorientation, redirecting,
and rationalizing and networking both nationally and internationally.
The National Agricultural Research System (NARS) is responsible for generating agricultural
related technologies and the Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE), Department of
Fisheries (DOF), and Department of Livestock Services (DLS) in the public sector are
responsible for extension of generated technology to the farmers. The Bangladesh
Agricultural Research Council (BARC) is the apex body for NARS. There are 10 research
1 GoB, Sixth Five Year Plan 2011-15, 2011
2 BBS, Report of the Household income and Expenditure Survey, 2010, 2011
2
institutes under the umbrella of NARS. These are: Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute
(BARI), Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Bangladesh Jute Research Institute
(BJRI), Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute (BSRI), Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear
Research Agriculture (BINA), Soil Resource Development Institute (SRDI), Bangladesh
Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI),
Bangladesh Forest Research Institute (BFRI) and Bangladesh Tea Research Institute (BTRI).
The strengths and weaknesses of BARC, NARS and Extension Departments have been
assessed in the preparatory phase of the National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP). It
has recommended for improving accountability, objectivity and transparency in the
technology generation and dissemination, supply chain development and in the procurement
and financial management. Involvement of the private sector in technology dissemination and
development of supply chain has also been emphasized.
On the request of the government, the World Bank (WB) agreed to support a long term
development program over a period of 15 years in three phases, the first phase beginning in
July 2007. The IFAD, in the process of dialogue, agreed to co-finance the program with the
WB. The WB provided a loan of US$19.49 million. The development partners indicated that
the government should contribute US$ 2.6 million during the first phase. The WB funding in
the third phase will depend on the triggers set for the first and second phases respectively.
The Phase I of the project is under implementation in 120 upazila of the country.
About the Project
The Government of Bangladesh (GOB) is implementing the NATP with financial assistance
from the World Bank (through IDA credit) and International Fund for Agricultural
Development (IFAD). The program of NATP is to support GOB’s strategy to improve
national agricultural productivity and farm income, with a particular focus on marginal and
small farmers. The project intends to achieve the program objective through a phased
approach. The focus during the Phase-1 of the program, apart from introducing better
technologies related to agriculture, was on institutional development including amendment of
BARC Act and establishment of Krishi Gobeshona Foundation and decentralization of
planning and funding responsibility for demand-led extension micro-plans to the Upazila
level organizations. The project loan for NATP became effective on March 25, 2008.
The Project has seven Implementing Units: (i) Project Coordination Unit (PCU), Ministry of
Agriculture, (MOA) (ii) Project Implementation Unit (PIU), Bangladesh Agricultural
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Research Council (BARC), (iii) Project Implementation Unit (PIU), Department of
Agriculture Extension (DAE), (iv) Project Implementation Unit (PIU), Department of
Fisheries (DOF), (v) Project Implementation Unit (PIU), Department of Livestock Services
(DLS) (vi) Krishi Gobeshona Foundation (KGF) and (vii) Hortex Foundation (Hortex).
The Project Coordination Unit (PCU) coordinates and facilitates implementation of NATP:
Phase-1 under the direction of a Project Steering Committee (PSC) and a Project
Management Committee (PMC). The Project Implementation Units in BARC, DAE, DOF,
DLS and implementing partners – KGF and Hortex are responsible for ensuring
implementation of project activities assigned to respective organizations.
The PCU, headed by a Project Director, has five National Coordinators – one responsible for
agricultural research, three responsible for extension (crops, fisheries and livestock) and one
for supply chain development. It also has experts in Administration, Financial Management,
Training and Communication, M&E, Social/Environmental aspects and two independent
members of Procurement Core Team (PCT) to support and develop capacity of implementing
agencies, as needed.
Project Components and Objectives
The NATP comprises four major components: (i) agricultural research support; (ii)
agricultural extension support; (iii) development of supply chains; and (iv) project
management and coordination.
The overall objective of the longer term program (NATP in three phases over 15 years) is to
support GOB's strategy to improve national agricultural productivity and farm income, with
particular focus on marginal and small farmers. The development objective of the phase-I of
the NATP is to improve effectiveness of the national agricultural technology system in
Bangladesh.
The project development objective was achieved by increasing efficiency and effectiveness
of the agricultural research and extension systems, and by strengthening farmer -market
linkages. More specifically, the national agricultural technology system would be enabled to
support:
-High priority, pluralistic, participatory and demand-led agricultural research;
-Decentralized, participatory, demand-led and knowledge-based approach for
agricultural extension;
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-Improved post-harvest technology and management practices for high value
agriculture by promoting farmer-market linkages as part of the development of
selected supply chains and
-Agreed reforms for the agricultural research and extension system, increased public
funding for the systems and promote effective use of such resources and promote
public private partnership in research extension and supply chain development.
1.2 Objectives of Present Evaluation of NATP-Phase I
Terms of Reference
The main purpose of the present evaluation is to assess and examine the effect and impact of
the project on the beneficiaries during its first phase. The overall objectives of the study
according to TOR are:
1. To review implementation status of major components/subcomponents of the project
as well as the present functional status of project activities in the sampled areas and
reasons for deviation, if any.
2. To examine if the project has been successful in improving research capacities and
effectiveness of National Agriculture Research System (NARS) for bridging the gap
between current and potential production in crops, fisheries and livestock sectors.
3. To examine if the Sponsored Public Goods Research (SPGR) had resulted in
generation of appropriate technologies in agriculture sector for marginal and landless
farmers for improving productivity, sustainability and product diversification.
4. To assess the relevance and usefulness of applied and adaptive research under
Competitive Grants Scheme (CGS) in generating better technologies for the
concerned sectors.
5. To examine the efficacy and effectiveness of the new extension services model vis-a
vis the existing ones and to find out whether the new model is participatory,
decentralized and based on felt needs of targeted beneficiaries,
6. To assess the nature and impact of development of supply chains for fruits,
vegetables, poultry and fish through the use of improved technologies and post-
harvest value additions in terms of productivity and healthy production.
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7. To assess how post-harvest technology and management practices for high value
agriculture helped promote improvement in farmer-market linkages.
8. To examine whether the procurement process (invitation of tenders, evaluation,
approval procedures, contract award etc) of the packages (goods, works and
services) under this project was followed as per PPR08/development partner's
procurement guidelines.
9. To assess the impact of project on increasing the productivity, livelihood security and
profitability in crops sector, livestock and inland aquaculture.
10. To identify the strengths and opportunities as well as weaknesses and external
threats that may affect functioning of the project activities.
11. To provide recommendations for more efficient and sustainable utilization of use of
agriculture research and extension system, public funding, PPP enterprises, post-
harvest technology and identification of best practices for replication in similar other
projects.
Clearly the evaluation has to be a multi-pronged multi-institutional analysis and be based on
different kinds of method for different objectives while the sources of data and information
may be of varied types. These are first discussed in generic terms and then objective by
objective.
1.3 Data and Method of Investigation
Steps in Impact Evaluation
The impact evaluation involves a number of steps such as:
a) Identification of activities, inputs and processes as well as their intended outputs
b) Choice of the methods of investigation
c) Choice of sample, as applicable
d) Questionnaire or checklist for activities, inputs, processes and outputs
e) Methodological Issues: Qualitative and Quantitative Methods
For each of the objectives, the issues involved and their analyses including the method of
information collection are described below.
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Evaluation of Objective 1
The first objective of the evaluation as stated earlier is
To review implementation status of major components/subcomponents of the project as well
as the present functional status of project activities in the sampled areas and reasons for
deviation, if any.
For meeting this objective the following method of investigation has been employed.
The NATP has 4 major components and 7 organisations are involved in carrying out the
tasks. Each organisation publishes its own report on status of implementation of its part of the
mandate. Furthermore, the NATP has very recently hired a group of Consultant firms to
independently evaluate these same programmes. Based on these, the present Consultant has
prepared an initial status report on the activities of the NATP as a whole. The Consultant then
has assessed where the deviations have taken place and tried to find out why. For this, the
Consultant has extensively interacted with the organisations and their coordinating team for
the NATP component under its jurisdiction to find out the reasons thereof. This has been
further validated with information from the NATP coordinating unit at the PD, NATP’s
office. One of the issues that has been carefully analysed is if there had been any duplication
of works and activities and whether the remaining work can be completed within the
extended time period for the phase 1 of the project.
Evaluation Objective 2
The second objective of the impact evaluation is
To examine if the project has been successful in improving research capacities and
effectiveness of National Agriculture Research System (NARS) for bridging the gap between
current and potential production in crops, fisheries and livestock sectors.
To properly understand the concerns here one needs to find out the support provided under
the Special Public Goods Research coordinated by BARC and the applied and adaptive
research sponsored under the KGF to the NARS system and what research have been carried
out and if these have tried to address the yield gaps in various sub-sectors of agriculture.
However as these two issues are also elaborately to be analysed under objectives 3 and 4, the
part of the assessment of fulfillment of objective 2 depends upon how far the objectives 3 and
4 have been achieved. Hence we do not discuss this any further (except as noted below).
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The NATP has provided support for creation of human skills and upgradation through formal
academic training and other manners. The Consultant has tried to find out what has happened
to the newly developed skills, particularly the assignments of the newly trained persons after
training.
There is another part of the objective which is to assess how far the reform programme of the
NARS has been going on and the nature of the intended reform. To the best of the
Consultant’s knowledge, a diagnostic report on the NARS has been prepared and
recommendations made for their resolution. The consultant is analysing the report for
understanding the policy implications of the recommendations.
Evaluation Objective 3
Objective 3 is
To examine if the Sponsored Public Goods Research (SPGR) had resulted in generation of
appropriate technologies in agriculture sector for marginal and landless farmers for
improving productivity, sustainability and product diversification.
To assess the implementation of the SPGR the Consultant has examined based on reports of
the SPGR the research grants provided to the NARS and the technologies that have been
invented for replication. For proper understanding one needs to find out if the research had
been third party peer reviewed and certified to be robust and ready for replication. The
Consultant has tried to establish that if available information allow such an assessment.
Whether the technology that has been developed is good for replication among marginal and
small farmers would be hard to establish unless these are already applied on the farmers’
fields. However, another option could be to find out the costs of cultivation of use of the
newly developed technology in farmers’ conditions are lower than the existing one that is
sought to be replaced. If the trials on farmers’ fields have not been conducted yet and the
results are based only on experiments in the research stations, it would yet be possible to
provide a theoretical basis for the assessment of the cost-effectiveness of the new technology.
8
Evaluation Objective 4
The fourth objective is also related to the effectiveness of research this time of the component
under KGF for competitive grants programme. The objective is:
To assess the relevance and usefulness of applied and adaptive research under
Competitive Grants Scheme (CGS) in generating better technologies for the concerned
sectors.
The manner of assessment of the KGF activities for competitive grants programme is rather
similar to that for SPGR except that the KGF’s operation is much wider in responding the
demand from not simply the NARS but beyond that to individuals from private bodies and
NGOs. Except that the method of assessment is similar to that for SPGR.
Evaluation Objective 5
The fifth objective as stated earlier is
To examine the efficacy and effectiveness of the new extension services model vis-a vis the
existing ones and to find out whether the new model is participatory, decentralized and based
on felt needs of targeted beneficiaries.
There are three extension systems under NATP, one each for crops, livestock and fishery
respectively, for introducing technological information through training and real life
demonstration in 120 upazilas. The basic process is as follows:
In each upazila, farmers are organized in Common Interest Groups (CIG) in the ratio of 7:2:1
for crops, livestock and fisheries. Farmers can be members of only one CIG through which it
can receive training and participate in demonstration plots/exercises in more than one
technology for the sub-sector-specific extension. Thus, a CIG may receive training and
participate in demonstration in technology related to rice yield gap minimization, AWD,
improved mustard and lentil technology or for any other crop among several as well as can
take part in seed preservation, compost making etc. In case of livestock and fisheries the
available technologies are rather limited to 2 or 3. There are CIGs which draw their
membership exclusively from women farmers.
The CIGs were initially expected to be formed by NGOs. Later, however, it was decided that
the DAE/DLS and DF is the main agents for forming the groups. It was expected that only in
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this manner is there be a full ownership of the groups by the extension departments and that
in future technological backstopping may be ensured even if the project discontinues.
Each CIG is expected to prepare its own plan of actions (training, demonstrations, planting)
related to the technology. These are aggregated at the union and subsequently at the upazila
level for a particular fiscal year. This provides the demand side of the plan. From the
NATP/extension side there are allocations pf resources (financial, trainers etc) which are then
matched with the demand and a final plan is thus prepared and implemented CIG by CIG for
the particular upazila. In theory this is thus a bottom up micro level planning for technology
dissemination and practice.
Investigating the process: The Consultant has tried to find out how far the practice matches
with theory, and if there are deviations in practice the reasons thereof. These relate to
formation of the CIGs, and their operations (appointment of office bearers, land holding
groups of farmers, regularity of meeting and their minutes, savings schemes, if any, micro
level planning) as well as the support received from the NATP and all the three extension
services. Apart from these, there are also support provided for running what are called
Farmers’ Information and Advice Centres (FIAC). These centres provide necessary
information to farmers on demand.
The main method of investigation here is the checking of records of the chosen CIGs, and
associated FAICs, information obtained from the extension services as well as the NATP
from their records of support provided and received.
The immediate output of the process are several such as trainings imparted to CIG members,
demonstrations on farmers’ fields, information obtained on resolution of farmers’ problems
through training, FAIC, demonstrations and their application by farmers. The final output has
to be the actual practice of the technology or the working method. For a crop technology this
is the area of land on which the technology has been applied by specific farmers, the type of
farmers who have applied those, the yield levels and the inputs going into the application of
the technology, the changes, if any, of the farmer’s cropping patterns and calendars, the
profitability of the technology and the changed cropping patterns. The Consultant tried to find
out how far the adoption of the technology is related to the training and similar other services
received from NATP and extensions services. It should be noted that three types of farmers
were requested to provide the relevant information. These are the CIG farmers, non-CIG
farmers in the same or neighbouring village and a control group of farmers in an area where
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there are no CIGs. Also note that while farmers can become members of only one CIG, this
does not preclude them from learning from farmers from other CIGs who may have different
trainings and demonstrations. It this becomes quite a complex mosaic of activities. Thus,
while one can try to have the effectiveness of a particular technology for raising yield, output
and income, in reality the end result for the farmer has to be the farm level rise in aggregate
output and income. All these apply in various degrees and forms also to CIGs for livestock
and fishery technology although the complexities are less due to the limited number of
technologies that are being introduced.
Evaluation Objective 6 and 7
Objectives 6: To assess the nature and impact of development of supply chains for fruits,
vegetables, poultry and fish through the use of improved technologies and post-harvest value
additions in terms of productivity and healthy production.
Objective 7: To assess how post-harvest technology and management practices for high value
agriculture helped promote improvement in farmer-market linkages.
The two objectives are inter-linked as development of a supply chain of farm products must
of necessity be related to market linkages as without this the development of no supply chain
can be effective. In any case, here several types of post-harvest operations and their
technology are sought to be introduced and farmers trained in them for their ultimate
adoption and practice. These include various post-harvest processing technology, use of sex
pheromones for non-pesticide control of insects and pests, shelf life improvement of products
and the commodity collection and marketing centres.
In general the support to value chain activities may be observed along with CIGs and thus be
CIG farmers who are expected to be part of sample for assessing effectiveness of extension
activities, some of the value chain activities are not in the sampled CIGs. For each value
chain activity, the Consultant found out the training and demonstrations that have been
undertaken by the Hortex and received by the farmers. The information from Hortex is based
on their records while farmers’ information is collected first hand from them. The
effectiveness of the training and demonstration received is judged based on the costs and
benefits of the activities with information collected primarily from the farmers. Part of the
analysis is quantitative and part is qualitative.
11
Objective 8
Objective 8 is:
To examine whether the procurement process (invitation of tenders, evaluation,
approval procedures, contract award etc) of the packages (goods, works and
services) under this project was followed as per PPR08/development partner's procurement
guidelines.
This objective is straightforward and solely based on records of the entities involved in such
procurement i.e., various project offices. Auditors’ reports and annual reports of the
organisations, as available, have been used for assessment of the expenditure procedures.
Objective 9
Objective 9 is:
To assess the impact of project on increasing the productivity, livelihood security and
profitability in crops sector, livestock and inland aquaculture.
This objective is already captured under Objective 5 and is not treated separately.
Objective 10
Objective 10 is:
To identify the strengths and opportunities as well as weaknesses and external
threats that may affect functioning of the project activities.
Under objectives 1-9 as and wherever applicable, the Consultant is examining the project
rules and procedures, the deviations from the rules, the practices as recorded and the results
thereof and also the perceptions of the farmers regarding these procedures and the outcomes
of such practices. Furthermore the planning exercises from the CIG level to the upazilas has
been assessed and the efficacy of the supports and initiatives examined. All of these allow the
Consultant to assess how far some of these have facilitated (strengths) or hindered
(weaknesses) the process and the outcomes of the project. External threats, however, is a
different matter altogether. Assessing these is difficult and the Consultant is trying to
understand these based on extensive discussion with the World Bank (the financier of
NATP), the MoA and the Project Coordination Unit of the NATP. This has the danger that
12
people may not wish to discuss their own shortcomings but rather put the onus on others.
How to know the real situation from all these conversations is difficult but is being tried as
far as practicable by the Consultant.
Objective 11
Objective 11 is:
To provide recommendations for more efficient and sustainable utilization of use of
agriculture research and extension system, public funding, PPP enterprises, post-
harvest technology and identification of best practices for replication in similar other
projects.
This objective is fulfilled by drawing upon the assessments and analyses under all the
previous objectives.
Methods of Analyses and Investigation
Both quantitative and qualitative data was collected and analysed and assessed for
effectiveness of NATP. Quantitative data was pertained to several objectives such as
Objective 5 and also the research components as well as resources and financial support
provided.
Qualitative method was used for understanding perceptions under several of the objectives
described above. A number of techniques of qualitative analysis have been developed. These
are
a) Rapid Appraisal
b) Participant Observation and Impact Assessment
c) Focus Group Discussion
d) Participatory Impact Assessment
For both qualitative and quantitative survey, the appropriate sample size is determined by
three factors: estimated prevalence of variables of interest, desired level of confidence and
acceptable margin of error.
13
3.12 Sample Size
As the farm households constitute the CIGs, the sample size of households covering all over
Bangladesh was estimated through an approach based on confidence level and precision rate.
For this purpose, the following formula has been used:
2
)1(
E
ZPPn
Where,
n = Estimated sample size
Z = Value of standard normal variate at a given level of confidence = 1.96
(considering 95% confidence level)
P = proportion of success for the indicator i.e., becoming a member of CIG
E = Precision rate or amount of allowable error in the estimate = 0.05
(considering 5% allowable error or precision level)
In a village, the team takes it that there is at least one CIG, in some cases there may be none
and other cases more than one averaging one. Now a CIG has 20 farmer members out of say
150 farmers in a village which gives a random probability of inclusion as 0.13. If there are
two CIGs, the probability (.e. P rises to 0.26) which we use for the desired sample size.
Taking 95% confidence level and 5% precision rate, the total sample size of households for
all over Bangladesh is estimated at 296 from above formula, taking no design effect as
clustered sampling is not considered here (the farmers from CIGs are chosen at random). It
has been rounded to 300. Taking 150 control households the total sample size of farmers
becomes 450.
Sample Selection
More than a dozen crop-based technologies have been introduced along with several related
to preservation of soil nutrients or ensuring quality seeds. Generally the technologies for yield
gap minimization in rice production appears to be most widely adopted and are found in all
the 120 upazilas under NATP. Other technologies are observed with certain concentration,
but there appears to be little pattern in them. Livestock and fishery technologies are observed
only in places where these are major economic activities. But note that in all upazilas there
are some livestock and fishery-based CIGs. Also note that as discussed earlier, farmers may
14
have adopted any of the available technologies although they may remain members of only
one CIG. Given this situation, it was prudent to go not by technology in selecting samples,
but by basic agro-ecology. We actually have chosen the upazilas at random from the North-
west, South-west, North-east, Central and South-east of the country. We expect to find
everywhere crop, livestock and fishery-based CIGs. We have taken 4 CIGs at random from
each upazila, 2 of which is crop CIGs, one is livestock and other is fishery CIG and collected
data from 30 farmers in all, 20 farmers from crop CIG, 5 farmers from livestock CIG and 5
farmers from fishery CIG. That gives 300 beneficiary respondents in all. The ten upazilas
selected at random are the following:
Table 1.1: Sample Districts and Upazilas (From Beneficiary Groups/CIG Farmers)
Districts Upazilas No. of CIG Respondents
Crop Livestock Fishery Rangpur
Pirganj
20 5 5
Dinajpur
Dinajpur Sadar
20 5 5
Natore
Natore Sadar
20 5 5
Jessore
Jhikargachha
20 5 5
Jessore Manirampur 20 5 5 Kushtia
Mirpur
20 5 5
Kishoregonj
Kuliar Char
20 5 5
Tangail
Gopalpur
20 5 5
Narsingdi
Belabo
20 5 5
Brahmanbaria
Nabinagar
20 5 5
Sub-Total 200 50 50
Total 300
Selection of Control Farmers
The benefits of a program on its participants may not be reflected accurately in a comparison
of the relevant indicators of the beneficiary at the completion of the programme due to some
autonomous changes or various other interventions that may affect the programme
beneficiary as well as non-beneficiaries. Hence, comparable non-participants in the
programme – the “control” group, need to be selected. They should be selected in such a way
15
that the socio-economic background of the control group is similar to those of the beneficiary
group, but not under the program. The rationale for selecting “control group” during for the
impact survey is that it would better indicate the impact of the program on the beneficiaries.
The control group has been selected from the areas not involved in the project or non-CIG
farmers and the number of respondents is 150 from different upazilas (Total 15 from each
upazilla and among them 10 farmers from crop CIG, 5 farmers from livestock and fishery
CIG)
Sample for Supply Chain Analysis
The selection of respondents for supply chain analysis is a little difficult as only 20 upazilas
so far have been brought under this component. It may be noted however that 3 of the
upazilas selected at random (Jhikergacha, Delduar and Belabo) had been under the initial 10
upazilas for supply chain improvement. Of the newly added upazilas also there is one upazila
in the sample above which also falls under the supply chain development (Pirganj). We
expect therefore that some ideas of the efficacy of the supply chain component may be
captured from the sample selected above.
While it was difficult to speculate at initial stage as to which technologies was found in the
field, we expected to find RYGM practically everywhere and so the analysis of the rice crop
yield, output and related changes is statistically measurable. For other technologies, it is
likely to be observed more sporadically and thus the margins of error may be possibly large
in such cases. To help in minimizing erroneous conclusions, we stated earlier supplement the
quantitative surveys with qualitative information obtained through KIIs.
Data Collection Instruments
Both quantitative and qualitative data have been collected for the evaluation survey.
Quantitative Data: Face to Face interview using structured questionnaire
Qualitative Data: Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Key Informant Interview (KII)
Questionnaire Survey: A pre-tested structured questionnaire has been used. This has been
modified based on field trial and be finally prepared and administered in Bangla. For
objectives such as research grants and types of research etc under both KGF and the SPGR, a
16
suitable checklist was prepared for data collection. The questionnaire modeled on the recent
evaluation of the NATP extension services is given in Appendix 1.
Qualitative Surveys: The present study used mainly the FGD (taking care to conduct it
among homogeneous groups) and intensive discussion related to perceptions. Checklists have
been prepared for KIIs and the FGDs in due course.
In-depth interview of Key Informants and Service providers: Interviews have been
conducted with key persons in the service providing organisations such as the NATP PCU,
BARC, KGF, the extension service providers, and Hortex.
Focus Group Discussions (FGDs): Focus group discussion has been conducted in the CIGs
and Non-CIGs for understanding some of the issues related to process and perceptions
regarding general conduct of the project. Each FGD has been involved 8 to 10 participants.
1.4 Implementation Method
Inception report
An Inception Report was submitted in February, This was discussed threadbare and approved
by the IMED Technical and Steering Committee. The final ToR, the sampling method, the
geographic coverage and the upazilas all were firmed up based on the approved Inception
Report.
Team mobilisation
A four member team of experts have been mobilized. They are the Team Leader, an
economist, an agricultural engineer and an agricultural economist. They prepared the
questionnaire and FGD check lists.
Recruitment of Field Staff and Data Collection
The Consultant recruited 6 Field investigators including one lady investigator and 1
supervisor. They were thoroughly trained. They were formed into two groups and
simultaneously covered two areas and the samples therein as well as consulting officials
locally.
17
Pre-testing of the Questionnaire
The Team visited Gazipur (Salna) to test the questionnaire and collected information from
CIG farmers. Modification and improvement of the questionnaire were made on the basis of
the results of the pre-test.
Planning for Data Collection
A well thought-out, realistic and tenable work plan is essential for ensuring timely
completion of field work and to get good quality data. In this regard, therefore, the first
priority was to prepare a work plan before the actual fieldwork is started. While preparing the
work plan, the following major considerations have been kept in mind.
- Timely and smooth completion of the field work;
- Establish rapport in the study area;
- Close supervision and monitoring of field work.
Field Visits by Research Team Members
Strict supervision of field interviewing is made to ensure collection of high quality data. The
researchers made frequent field visits to supervise the fieldwork. Apart from supervisory
checks, the researchers gave on-the-spot solution to the problems. These visits provided
moral booster to the team members to carry out constant strenuous jobs and to maintain the
desired quality of work.
Monitoring of Data Collection
Monitoring of data collection has been ensured in different ways. The key professionals and
coordinators have closely supervised the work of the interviewers and perform the following
duties for the purpose of assuring the quality of data:
- Verified, on-the-spot, the interviewing technique
- Made random checks to ensure that respondents are interviewed properly and
correctly;
- Had all schedules checked by field interviewers as far as practicable to check for
inconsistencies and incomplete responses (if any);
- Discussed problems with the interviewers ;
- Monitored the interviewers’ progress report.
18
Data Processing and Data Management
The filled in questionnaires are considered as the source of raw data. For effective and
accurate analysis and quality output generation, the following activities have been undertaken
with the surveyed data:
Filing filled in questionnaire
Editing and coding questionnaire for entry to computer
Quality control
Data Input to Computer
Preparation of Appropriate Computer Program
Not all the data was in the form of figures. There are many reports that was examined and
assessed. These relate to research activities, administrative procedures and financial matters,
annual reports and guidelines of organisations and soft information in the relevant web sites.
Data Analysis
Quantitative Data Analysis: For attaining the objectives of the study, both descriptive
(proportion for categorical variables, mean for continuous variables having normal
distribution) and empirical analysis (probit and Tobit model) are done with statistical
software (SPSS 16, STATA 11). To know the differences between groups, t-test (for
continuous variables) and test (for categorical variables) are computed. Probit and Tobit
model approaches are followed to know the determinants of adoption and level of adoption
for T. Aman (RYGM) and Boro (RYGM) (Tobin, 1958; Maddala, 1992; Gujarati, 2003).
Details of these models construction are available in Chapter 3.
Qualitative Data Analysis: Much of the qualitative data are being analysed using simple
statistics such as frequency analysis and similar other techniques. These were employed
extensively. In appropriate cases tests are computed.
1.5 Present Implementation Status of the Project
The Government of Bangladesh (GOB) has been implementing the National Agricultural
Technology Project (NATP) with the financial assistance from the World Bank (through IDA
credit) and International Fund for Agricultural Develo nt (IFAD) to address the upcoming
19
issues and emerging challenges in agriculture, particularly food security. NATP is the first 5-
year phase of a long term (15 years) program to support GOB’s strategy to increase n onal
agricultural productivity and farm incomes. Its focus is on revitalizing the agricultural
technology system that includes agricultural research, extension and development of supply
chain.
The Project has four components viz. agricultural research support component, agricultural
extension support component, supply chain development component and project coordination
and management component. These components are being implemented through 7
implementing units. These are: i) Project Coordination Unit (PCU),Ministry of Agricu ture
(MOA); ii) Project Implementation Unit (PIU), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council
(BARC); iii) Project Implementation Unit (PIU), Department of Agriculture Extension
(DAE); iv) Project Implementation Unit (PIU), Department of Fisheries (DOF); v) Project
Implementation Unit (PIU), Department of Livestock Services (DLS); vi) Krishi Gobeshona
Foundation (KGF); and vii) Hortex Foundation (Hortex).
As per DPP provision, the project activities were planed to start from July 2007 but the
project loan became effective on 25 March 2008, and therefore, the NATP Phase-1 is
considered commenced on 25 March 2008. Thus, different components initiated their
activities in October 2008 after the release of PA funds. Many of the projects implementing
units were established in the FY 2008-2009. Thus, they could not initiate all activities dur ng
the year 2008-2009. During 2009-2010, all units were fully operational and initiated all
activities in full swing.
The overall objective of the longer term NATP is to support GOB’s strategy to improve
national agricultural productivity and farm income, with particular focus on small and
marginal farmers. The development objective of the Phase-1 of the NATP is to improve
effectiveness of the national agricultural technology system in Bangladesh. More specifically
the national agricultural system would be enabled to support:High priority, pluralistic,
participatory and demand-led agricultural research;Decentralized, participatory, demand-led
and knowledge based approach for agricultural extension;Improved post harvest technology
and management practices for high value agriculture by promoting farmer-market linkages as
part of the development of selected supply chains; and Agreed reforms for the agricultural
research and extension systems; increased public funding for the systems and promote an
effective use of such resources; and promote public-private partnership in research, extension
and supply chain development.
20
Krishi Gobeshona Foundation (KGF) is responsible for management and implementation of
Competitive Grants Program (CGP). Project Implementation Unit of Bangladesh Agricultural
Research Council (PIU-BARC) is responsible for implementation of Sponsored Public Goods
Research (SPGR) and Enhancement of Research Institutional Efficiency (ERIE) Programs.
Under ERIE program, the major activities conducted were distribution of scholarships/slots
and placement of scholars for in-country and international PhD, international training, local
training and workshop for capacity build and skills development of NARS scientists and
administrative personnel. Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE) is responsible for
implementation of crop extension sub-component activities. The aim of this sub-component
is to establish decentralized demand-led and knowledge-based extension services with greater
accountability and responsiveness to farmers and focus on small and marginal farmers.
Department of Livestock Services (DLS) is responsible for the implementation of this
subcomponent. Department of Fisheries (DOF) has been implementing this sub-component.
Supply Chain Development Component (SCDC) is being implemented by the Hortex
Foundation. The main focus of this component was to integrate small and marginal producers
of high value commodities (crops/horticulture, fisheries and livestock) with the market
through supply chain development. The Project Coordination Unit (PCU) provides
coordination and facilitation among the NATP implementing units.
1.5.1 Common Interest Groups
The project’s perception for extension system is to develop a decentralized extension services
(DES) which comprises village level extension planning through common interest groups
(CIGs), and their federation (producers' organization) at union, upazila and district levels.
The whole gamut of planning, implementation and monitoring processes will be done at
upazila level through participatory planning by the CIGs. Creation and strengthening of
social capital through technological interventions (i.e., shifting of subsistence agriculture to
commercial agriculture) and increasing ability of the communities to convert their social
capital into economic capital by developing organizational capacity to manage, implement
and monitor agricultural development activities are of utmost priority. These obviously
include the empowerment of the community organizations (CIGs and POs) to increase their
ability to plan, execute and monitor their activities. The activities also include the
development of gender sensitive local institutions that can manage and mobilize community
assets, and make new investments in agricultural productivity increase.
21
Selection Criteria for CIG Member:
• Group size: A group should have 20 members (for crop, livestock, fisheries and Hortex);
• Socio-economic status: Members of a group should be of the same socio-economic status
and of a specific gender, male or female. However, in case of fisheries CIGs, there could be
mixed groups;
• Category of groups: Small and Marginal Farmer Groups (land ownership up to one hectare)
80 per cent, Medium and Large Farmer Groups (land ownership above one hectare) 20 per
cent and Women Farmer Groups (irrespective of land ownership) 30 percent of all groups.
• Homogeneity: No mixed group of male and female with exceptions for female headed
household (mostly in case of crop CIGs) but in case of livestock and fisheries CIGs, mixed
group may be formed.
• Dwelling status: Has to be a permanent resident of the concerned para/ village. A “Borga
Chasi’ who is engaged in farming activities, may be member of a CIG but he should be a
permanent resident in the community.
• Membership: One from one family.
• Member selection from existing group: Selection of CIG members from existing groups of
the project of executing agencies is encouraged for avoiding duplication and conflict in the
same area. However, such group members should have common interest with the other CIG
members. This is equally applicable to members of local NGOs, common interest should be
in agriculture related activities rather than in credit.
•Other consideration: The above criteria may be flexibly considered, in areas where they are
difficult to follow. In such cases process has to be recorded very clearly.
Formation and Management of CIGs
Formation and management of CIG is a process of social mobilization. The capacity of CIG
depends on the problem identification, prioritization, planning, utilization of local resources,
linking with market opportunities and preparation of micro plan. Their (CIGs) contributions
towards preparation, implementation and monitoring of extension activities at the union level
will ultimately pave the way
22
for a greater extension scenario. However, they require expertise in facilitation. Union
Extension Facilitation Team (UEFT) is empowered to provide such supports. The UEFT
consists of SAAO of DAE, CEAL of DLS, LEAF of DOF and local NGO representatives.
DAE/DOF/DLS should include training tropic/events on social mobilization in their trainers-
training programme on a regular basis. The resource speakers should be selected from NGOs,
government organizations, rural development academies and Universities having experience
in social mobilization. This process will help institutionalizing the social mobilization process
within DAE/DOF/DLS, enhance their capacity and sustaining the programme even after the
project is over.
1.5.2 Farmers’ Information and Advice Centers (FIACs)
Union is the lowest administrative unit of the government. It is a local government institution
run by the ‘Union Parishad (Council)’ which is composed of an elected chairman, nine
elected members and three nominated women representatives. The Union Parishad (UP)
usually is associated with rural development activities like maintenance of rural roads,
constructions of small bridges and culverts and also assisting GOs and NGOs in rural
development activities. For enhancing two-way flow of knowledge and information between
CIG and other stakeholders (extension staff, research scientists, NGOs, the private sector and
the local government), Farmers’ Information and Advice Centers (FIACs) at union level
should be established by the DAE/DOF/DLS. The DAE should take the lead role in the
establishment of FIAC.
1.5.3 Implementation Status of the Project (as on June 2013)
A. Triggers & Legal Covenants
Activities 1
Amendment of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC) Act 1996
Target
Act to be amended
Cumulative Progress
Enforcement of BARC Act 2012 continued
Activities 2
Establishment of Krishi Gobeshona Foundation (KGP)
23
Target
GoB to establish KGF
Cumulative Progress
KGF established in 2007and started functioning from August 2008
Activities 3
Increasing Public Investment in Agricultural Research and Extension
Target 1
Funding to be increased in research from 0.20% of AGDP in 2007/2008
Cumulative Progress
0.30% of AGDP
Target 2
Funding to be increased in extension from l.20%ofAGDP in 2007-2008
Cumulative Progress
1.44 % of AGDP
Activities 4
Increasing Agricultural Productivity
Target
Agricultural productivity increased by 10%
Cumulative Progress
Major crops: 10 -30%, Livestock: 6-69% and Fish production: 97%- 193% increased
Activities 5
Increasing Household Income
Target
Household income increased by 20%
Cumulative Progress
Household income increased up to 84% in crops, 118% in livestock and 70% in fisheries
CIGs
B. Research Support Component
Activities 1
Implementation of SPGR Subprojects
Target
SPGR subprojects to be implemented; 50 technologies to be developed
24
Cumulative Progress (as on June 2014)
In total, 108 SPGR subprojects awarded on various disciplines and covering different agro-
ecological and stress areas of the country; 53 subprojects completed; rest in progress
Activities 2
Implementation on of CGP Research Subprojects
Target
100 CGP research subprojects to be implemented
Cumulative Progress
92 CGP research subprojects awarded on various disciplines and covering different agro
ecological areas of the country
Activities 3
ERIE: HRD in Research
Target
Overseas: 29 PhDs. 10 post-docs, training and study visits; and Local: 60 PhDs & trainings to
be implemented
Cumulative Progress
Overseas: 29 PhDs, 7 post-docs, 164 trainings, 66 study visits 70 seminar slots awarded
Local: 79 (including 19 in subprojects) PhDs awarded & 4129 persons in 116 batches trained
C. Extension Support Component
Activities 1
CIG Formation and Mobilization
Target 1
18.000 CIGs to be organized and mobilized in 5 years
Cumulative Progress
20,012 CIGs organized and mobilized (C-13450, L-3892. F-2670)
Target 2
330,000 farmeis to be mobilized
Cumulative Progress
385,385 farmers mobilized (C-269000, L- 76335. F-40050)
Target 3
20% of total CIG farmers to be women farmers
Cumulative Progress
Women farmers in CIGs are: crops -30%, livestock-26%, fisheries- 18%
25
Activities 2
FIAC Establishment
Target
1345 FIACs to be established(one FIAC/union)
Cumulative Progress
732 FIACs established in new UP complexes
Activities 3
Technology Adoption
Target
60% of CIG farmers adopted new technology
Cumulative Progress
344840 CIG farmers adopted new technologies (Crops-264500. Livestock-76335, Fisheries-
40050)
Activities 4
Technology Demonstration
Target
29400 demonstrations to be setup
Cumulative Progress
Setup 81335 demonstrations (C-55102.L-20919. F-5314)
Activities 4
Technology Transfer
Target
All recommended technologies to be transferred to users
Cumulative Progress
45 technologies demonstrated (C-l4, L-11, and F-20)
Activities 5
Farmer’s Training
Target
All ClG farmers to be trained on demo-technologies
Cumulative Progress
DAE, DLS & DOF trained all the CIG farmers in more than 3 events
26
D. Supply Chain Development Component
Activities 1
Training on commercial Agriculture
Target
14.500 public and private staff, traders and farmers to be trained in commercial practices
Cumulative Progress
Over 12.000 staffs are trained on commercial agricultural practices.
Activities 2
Linking CIGs to market
Target
400 CIGs to be linked to the market
Cumulative Progress
402 CIGs are linked to markets
Activities 3
Technology Demonstration
Target
30 improved post-harvest technologies and management practices to be demonstrated
Cumulative Progress
32 technologies on post-harvest management such as, harvesting, grading, sorting, SPS
measures and packing and transportation of agro-commodities etc. demonstrated
Activities 4
Technology Adoption
Target
19,500 improved production, and post-harvest technologies; and management practices to
be adopted
Cumulative Progress
Over 12,500 farmers adopted improved tcchnologics
Activities 5
Establishment of Commodity Collection and Marketing Center (CCMC)
Target
24 CCMCs to be established and made functional
Cumulative Progress
24 CCMCs in 20 upazilas established
27
E. Project Management and Coordination
Activities 1
Organizing PSC meetings
Target
2 meetings/year
Cumulative Progress
8 meetings
Activities 2
Organizing PMC meetings
Target
4 meetings
Cumulative Progress
10 meetings
Activities 3
Organizing coordination meetings
Target
6 meetings
Cumulative Progress
25 meetings
Activities 4
Monitoring & Evaluation and Impact Assessment Study
Target 1
Regular field visits, monitoring & evaluation to be done by project staff
Cumulative Progress
•Activities of 56 upazilas monitored
•Activities of l37 CIGs reviewed
Target 2
One Impact Assessment Study in two phases (4+3 months) by hired farm
Cumulative Progress
Filed study completed, preparing report
Target 3
Concurrent M&E: Six Quarterly & Two Annual Reports to be submitted
Cumulative Progress
Six quarterly & two annual reports submitted
28
Target 4
EIAT study by 5 Member Team: 20-day study annually
Cumulative Progress
Two study reports submitted
Activities 5
Organizing Workshops
Target
National /Regional workshops to be organized on progress review & assessment
Cumulative Progress
16 regional review workshops organized
Activities 6
Organizing PCU Training Courses
Target
Four training courses on "Fiduciary management", "Result based M&E, "Communication &
media", and "ICT & website" are to be organized
Cumulative Progress
•Trained: 570 officers in 15 batches on financial management & procurement
•102 officers in 4 batches on result based MAE
•103 officers in 4 batches on Communication & media
•67 officers in 4 batches on ICT & website
1.5.4 Financial Status (as on June 2013)
NATP receives IDA and IFAD funds in the form of reimbursement from IDA against
withdrawal application. Project Coordination Unit (PCU) of NATP transfers IDA and IFAD
funds to six implementing units on the basis of six monthly estimated expenditure, approved
work plans and ADP allocation. PCU receives Statement of Expenditure (SoE) from PIUs
and claims reimbursement to IDA through withdrawal application. All PIUs disburse fund to
their spending units (districts, upazilas, research institutes, universities, training institutes,
principal investigators) according to their need after submission of SoE.
GoB contribution for PCU, BARC, DAE, KGF and Hortex are routed through Ministry of
Agriculture (MOA) and that for DoF and DLS are routed through Ministry of Fisheries and
Livestock (MoFL) i.e. GoB contributions are directly routed through implementing
departments/agencies. IDA and IFAD funds are claimed by PCU, NATP and IDA deposits
29
the amount in DOSA Account maintained in Bangladesh Bank which is maintained by PCU,
NATP.
During the FY 2012-13 NATP claimed reimbursement fund amounting to USD 14.43 million
(USD 10.92 million to IDA & USD 3.51 million to IFAD) through 22 (twenty two)
withdrawal applications (WA-44 to 65) to the World Bank. From these withdrawal
applications USD 14.09 million was received (USD 10.75 million from IDA & USD 3.34
million from IFAD) to Dollar Special Account (DOSA) in Bangladesh Bank. Table 1.2
shows the claims made to IDA and IFAD and transferred to DOSA.
Table 1.2: IDA and IFAD funds flow for the FY 2012-13 (Amount in million USD)
IDA and IFAD Funds (RPA) Transfer from DOSA Accounts to PIUs
PCU transfers IDA & IFAD funds from DOSA Account to implementing units operating
account (including PCU) on the basis of approved work plans and ADP allocation. Table 1.3
shows the IDA and IFAD fund transferred to different units from DOSA Account and
expenditure incurred by different units during the FY 2012-13.
Table 1.3: IDA and IFAD fund (RPA) transfer to PIUs in FY 2012-13 (Tk. in lakh)
Donor Reimbursement
Claim
Reimbursement
Received
Reimbursement Not
Received
IDA 10.92 10.75 0.17
IFAD 3.51 3.34 0.17
Total 14.43 14.09 0.34
Units/Agencies Fund Received from Bangladesh Bank Fund Transferred to PIUs
PCU 850 850
BARC 2800 2800
KGF 950 950
DAE 3795 3795
DLS 1700 1700
DOF 1085 1085
Hortex 815 815
Total 11995 11995
30
Fund Allocation and Expenditure Incurred
The project activities started one and half years after the NATP effective date due to late
recruitment of the Project Director and other experts in PCU. This has resulted in a much
lower expenditure. Since inception to June 30, 2013 total expenditure incurred in NATP
stands to tk. 44608.89 lakh (RPA-Tk. 41296.86 lakh & GOB Tk. 3312.03 lakh).
A statement of unit wise RADP Allocation for the FY 2012-13 and actual expenditure against
the RADP allocation are shown in Table 5.17. On an average 87.23% of the allocated fund
was spent by all units. Economic code-wise expenditure statement of different PIUs for FY
2012-13 is presented in Table 1.4.
Table 1.4: Fund allocation and expenditure incurred for FY 2012-13 (Taka in Lakh)
Achievement of Expenditure to RADP allocation was similar for the FY 2012-2013 (87.23%)
in comparison to that for the FY 2011-2012 (87.50%).
Component RADP 2012-2013 EXPENDITURE 2012-2013 % of
RADP GOB RPA TOTAL GOB RPA TOTAL
PCU 67 1251 1318 53.24 1021.03 1074.27 81.51 %
BARC 240 3260 3500 203.44 2971.16 3174.6 90.70 %
KGF 20 1000 1020 10.99 965.08 976.07 95.69 %
DAE 250 4224 4474 194.06 3781.74 3975.8 88.86 %
Hortex 67 1480 1517 22.06 849.59 871.68 57.46 %
DLS 125 2002 2127 81.67 1910.45 1992.12 93.66 %
DOF 365 1191 1556 336.9 1129.16 1466.06 94.22 %
TOTAL 1134 14378 15512 902.39 12628.2 13530.6 87.23 %
31
CHAPTER 2
ASSESSMENT OF THE RESEARCH COMPONENT UNDER NATP PHASE -1
2.1 Distribution of CGP and SPGR Project among Different Organization
Earlier it has been pointed out that the research components included two types of research,
viz., SPGR and KGF-sponsored. Both have been evaluated based on records available to the
evaluation team. Table 2.1 shows the distribution of research project over the NATP Phase 1
under both. It is clear that in case of sponsored public goods research (SPGR) 4 organizations
have predominated for conducting research which include BARI, BRRI, BARC and BAU.
For CGP under KGF funding, BARI, BAU, BSMRAU and NGOs received more projects (for
details, see also Appendix Table 2.1 and Appendix Table 2.2). Only BAU appeared to be
common to both the strands of research support. Also note that many organisations failed to
receive any project support from CGP while under SPGR also several organisations received
only a few projects. It was not possible to verify though whether these organisations
submitted projects and were not successful in their bid or they did not apply for as many as
others did. The preeminence of BARI among these all is understandable as BARI is involved
in the research of many crops and they also have the highest number of scientists under its
purview and hence there were probably more scope for scientists therein to apply for grants.
Research grant under CGP has been provided for disseminating, validating and or
improvement of technology or knowledge those already have been developed by the research
organizations. While research grant under SPGR has been provided for developing or
improving new technology or knowledge those have to be disseminated in future. So the
technologies or knowledge developed under SPGR are not disseminated yet. There has some
field trial results only. The technologies or knowledge listed under section 2.4.2 are in hand
for further dissemination.
Table 2.1: Institution-wise distribution of project under CGP and SPGR
Category of Institute *CGP Project Number SPGR Project Number
NARS
BARI 31 25
BRRI 04 13
BINA 03 05
BSRI - 05
BJRI - 06
BFRI (Fish) - 04
SRDI - 01
BTRI - -
BFRI (Forest) - 03
32
Category of Institute *CGP Project Number SPGR Project Number
BLRI - 03
BARC - 17
BSRTI - -
BCDB 01 01
Sub-total 39 83
Universities
BAU 16 16
BSMRAU 10 02
KU 03 01
CVASU 02 01
PSTU 01
SAU (Dhaka) - 03
DU - 01
CU - 01
Sub-total 32 25
NGO 14 -
OTHERS
RDA 01 -
Total 86 108 *Initially 92 numbers of sub-projects were approved under CGP; out of them 6 sub-projects were terminated.
2.2 Distribution Pattern of Project in Different Ecosystem/areas
More interesting than the organizational distribution is perhaps that by ecosystem (Table 2.2).
It is clear that the diversity here was much more. Among those which attracted more projects
included saline and hill ecosystems, disease and pest management, farming system etc. It
appears that SPGR was more diversified than KGF-supported research.
Table 2.2 Ecosystem/Area-wise distribution of project
SL. No. Ecosystem/Area CGP SPGR
1 Saline/coastal zone 07 14
2 Hill ecosystem 06 07
3 Haor ecosystem - 03
4 Drought 03 01
5 Char land 01 01
6 ICT - 03
7 Socioeconomics & policy 05 06
8 Pollution and contaminant - 07
9 Diseases and pest management 07 09
10 Soil-Water and Land Management 04 12
11 Farming System - 08
12 All other Ecosystem 53 37
86 108
33
2.3 Status of the Project
A total 86 number of projects were awarded under CGP. Out of which 67 projects were
completed and rest 19 number of projects have been found ongoing or near completion. The
CGP management body extended the deadline of the ongoing projects up to September 2014.
Under SPGR a total 108 number of projects were awarded of which 53 projects have been
reported to be completed and rest 55 projects have been found ongoing or near completion.
The SPGR management body extended the deadline of the projects up to 30 June 2014 (Table
2.3, Appendix Table 2.1 and Appendix Table 2.2).
Table 2.3 Status of sub-projects
Component Number of project Completed On-going
CGP 86 67 19 (deadline September 2014)
SPGR 108 53 55 (deadline 30/06/2014)
2.4 Achievement from NATP Research Components
Near about 50% of the projects have been completed and the rest of the projects are ongoing
or near completion. Several new technologies have been developed under both the CGP and
SPGR components. The major achievements of the projects are compiled in bullet form
below.
2.4.1 Major Achievements under CGP in Different Areas and Ecosystems
2.4.1.1 Variety Development
1. A garlic variety has been registered by NSB as BAU-garlic-3 after a rigorous field
evaluation.
2.4.1.2 Crop Production Technology
2. Application of Dolochun (lime) in acid soil increased availability of P, Ca, K and Mg
for crops
3. Fertilizer application following IPNS technology has increased yield of different crops
in the rage of 14.28% to 40.0%.
4. Four orchards established in Rajshahi, Joydebpur, Rangpur (Pirgonj) and Nilphamari
districts.
34
2.4.1.3 Disease Management
5. Management technology developed for i) Jackfruit gummosis disease, ii) canker
disease of citrus, iii) powdery mildew of Jujube, major diseases of brinjal and tomato;
6. Management technology developed for soil bone diseases of tomato, brinjal, lentil
and chick pea;
7. Management technology developed for rot disease of zinger rhizome.
2.4.1.4 Insect Pest Management
8. Double nozzles sprayer has been found to be more effective in controlling brown
plant hopper (BPH) in rice field compared to single nozzle sprayer
9. In case of brinjal, utilization of pheromone trap, bio-control agent and following
sanitation showed best performance in term of yield.
10. Application of Neem products, tricho-compost, miticide (omite), sanitation and
removal of infected inflorescence and young nuts are found to be most suitable for
managing coconut mite and significant increase in coconut production.
2.4.1.5 Cropping System
11. Short duration T. Aman rice followed by mung bean/ mustard and then Boro rice
provided higher yield, higher productivity and high benefit cost ratio.
12. Four crops in a year with i) Aus rice, ii) T.Aman rice, iii) potato/mustard, iv)
mung bean produced 2.9 ton more food per ha.
2.4.1.6 Socio Economics
13. Returns on investment in spice (onion, garlic, chili, ginger or turmeric) research and
extension ranged 50-82% of the investment annually without incurring any loss.
14. Daily calorie intake and food security of the ethnic groups in Dinajpur, Tangail and
Netrokona have been increased by introducing modern varieties and production
technologies.
2.4.1.7 Post-harvest Technology
15. Developed low cost storage house at farmers’ level where potato can safely be stored
for 3-5 months. The experiment was set up at Munshiganj district. In the improved
methods of storing, about 15% loss can be reduced compared to farmers’ practices
and the storage life increased by more than one month compared traditional practices.
35
16. A seed dryer has been developed for drying different types of grain seed under Farm
Machinery and Postharvest Process Engineering Division, BARI, Gazipur. The
capacity of the dryer ranged from 200 to 350 kg per batch and drying times ranged
from 12 to 20 hours depending on kind of grain seed.
17. Tribal people of Madhupur region were trained to process their own fruits and
vegetables to improve their livelihood. A total eighty of tribal people of which 60%
male and 40% female were trained. Upon training it was reported that tribal people
got motivated and adopted the technologies. Technologies developed through
modification of indigenous methods would suit to the need of rural poor and help
them to generate income and improve their livelihood.
2.4.1.8 Water Management
18. Alternate wet and drying (AWD) technique has been identified to be an efficient
irrigation method by saving 10-25% irrigation water in case of Boro rice. The AWD
technique helps to reduce production cost rice at boro season.
2.4.1.9 Farm Machinery
19. A prototype of power tiller has been fabricated which has been reported to be suitable
for wet and dry land preparation.
2.4.1.10 Marketing
20. Tomato cultivation has highest comparative
21. Banana, Barley, Papaya, fresh tomato, lime, advantage for exporting followed by
onion, brinjal, potato. Lemon and pineapple have been identified for export potential
in worldwide market demand.
2.4.1.11 Fish culture and management
22. Survival rate of shing was found to be 70-95% while cultured in cage and snail was
used as feed.
2.4.1.12 Livestock Sector
23. Milk replacer has been developed for calf which is cheaper (75% cost saving)
compared to imports
24. Supplement feed for buffalo has been identified which increased milk production.
25. Identified diseases and other risk factor for calf mortality and appropriate
36
intervention reduced it up to 93%;
26. Developed an effective vaccine against Pollurum disease of poultry birds using a
local strain of Salmonella
2.4.1.13 Hill Ecosystem
27. Khagrachari model for year round vegetable production has been developed. A small
parcel of land (6 m x 6 m) accommodating a package of vegetable crops in variable
sequences produces vegetables sufficient to meet demand of a small family and
generates additional income. In each parcel of land in the homestead five bedseach
measuring from 6 m x 1 m are prepared. Individual crop or crop variety is planted on
a bed. Three packages of vegetables are provided among the farmers. The best
performing package is found to be package 1 (Bed 1: Red amaranth-Gima kalmi-Red
amaranth; Bed 2: Rai shak-Red amaranth-Panikachu; Bed 3: Coriander shak-Lady’s
finger-Raddish shak; Bed 4: Raddish shak-Gima kalmi-Raddish shak; Bed 5: Bush
bean-Indian spinach-Bitter gourd). The package 1 is found to be potentially benefiting
a large number of small farmers in three hill districts.
28. Water management technique has been identified in hilly region by conserving rain
water for dry season irrigation.
29. Standardization of protocol for tissue culture has been done for multiplication of
healthy saplings of BARI Kola-3 and BARI Kola-4
2.4.1.14 Coastal Ecosystem
30. BARI til-4 has been successfully grown during the fallow period with 44% higher
yield than local variety in Khulna region.
31. Early planting of maize, chickpea and til gave highest yield at Patuakhali.
32. Non-rice crops like sunflower, maize and soybean have been successfully grown in
the saline belt of Satkhira, Khulna and Noakhali.
33. Fallow–Fallow-T. Aman pattern may be converted to Fallow–Maize-T. Aman in
saline zone
34. Saline tolerant varieties of some non-rice crops have been identified such as
sunflower, sugar beet etc.
35. Quick growing fruits and vegetables and improved management practices introduced
in Patuakhali and Jhalokathi increased yield and net income of farmers.
37
2.4.1.15 Climatic Vulnerability
36. In climate vulnerable areas, some best practices identified were- Zero tillage for
maize, priming for chickpea, mulching for potato, relay cropping of sweet gourd with
potato in drought prone areas.
37. Zero tillage for potato, floating and raised pits for vegetable, dry land cropping for
millets, jujube, groundnut for flood prone areas and Zero tillage for potato, sorjan
system, floating beds for saline & tide prone areas.
38. For drought prone areas two most suitable rice varieties and AWD method of
irrigation has been recommended for further studies.
2.4.1.16 Cross Cutting
39. Selection of elite lines for development of short duration high yielding varieties of
rapeseed-mustard, groundnut, sesame, soybean and sunflower having tolerant to
disease, insect, drought and salinity is in progress
2.4.1.17 ICT
40. Spatial database GIS has been prepared for sustainable shrimp culture.
41. Potential sites of shrimp culture has been identified and categorized as most suitable,
moderate suitable & less suitable
2.4.1.18 Basic Studies
42. Bioinformatic analyses of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) confirmed seven
strains of Gemini viruses infecting tomato crops in Bangladesh,
43. Blending jute with cotton at 50:50 ratios are alike with 100% cotton denim
fabric
2.4.2 Major Achievements under SPGR in different areas and ecosystems
2.4.2.1 Variety Development
1. High yielding salt tolerant rice variety has been developed and registered as BINA
dhan-10
2. Aromatic rice hybrid variety has been developed and named as BU hybriddhan-1
38
3. Hybrid summer tomato variety has been developed and named as BARI hybrid
tomato-8 (heat tolerant)
4. White jute (Chochorus capsularis, L) variety has been developed and named as BJCA
2197
5. Lentil variety: BARI masur-7 has been developed
6. Chickpea variety: BARI chola-9 has been developed
7. Garlic variety: BAU Garlic-3 has been developed
8. One short stature, early, high yielding and heat tolerant wheat line has been selected.
2.4.2.2 Production Technology
9. Newly developed BINA Dhan- 10 has been cultivated in coastal saline area in
demonstrated field and produced 20 tons breeder seed and 30 tons of good quality
seed. These seeds to be made available to BADC, DAE, NOGs and farmers.
10. 5 kg seeds of BARI Hybrid Tomato-8 have been produced through demonstration in
farmer’s plots in different districts.
11. Produced about 35 tons of TLS seeds of BARI Masur-7 by BADC and 360 kg seeds
by DAE at farm level,
12. About 250 kg seeds has been produced from newly developed BAU Garlic-3 in
Chalan beel areas
2.4.2.3 Disease Management
13. Management technology has been developed for controlling jackfruit plants
gummosis disease and fruit borer (insect) by application of Bordeux paste and
bagging of fruits, respectively.
14. A significant increase in fruit yield has been recorded as a result of application of
fertilizer and irrigation during dry season.
15. Thirty nine number of diseases have been identified on nine fruit species through
survey of 96 nurseries under 13 districts.
2.4.2.4 Insect Pest Management
16. Study of pest management by pheromone trap showed 100% of shoot and fruit
borer has been controlled in bitter gourd and that of 75% has been controlled in
brinjal.
39
2.4.2.5 Socio Economics
17. The production of tobacco has increased in 2010 over 1973 while the cultivated
area of tobacco has decreased during this time.
18. The productivity of groundnut showed increasing trend during 1990-2010.
19. The area under sesame cultivation showed decrease in trend but the yield has
increased with highly significant rate during the period of 1990-2009.
20. The overall growth rates of soybean production has increased but not significant.
2.4.2.6 Post-harvest Technology
21. Low cost improved potato storage system has been developed and installed. Data
collection has been started. The sub-project is going on.
22. Plastic crate has been found effective on reduction of physical damage of brinjal
and cabbage by 18.47% and 20.33%, respectively during transportation and
method has been developed for increased storage life.
2.4.2.7 Water Management
23. Two to three irrigations following AWD produced the highest yield of Rabi crops
like rice, potato or wheat in Pabna, Sirajgonj, Rangpur, Joypurhat, Munshigonj,
and Jessore. 19-24% water has been saved in demonstration plots at Tangail,
Sirajgonj, Pabna, Rajshahi, Rangpur and Kustia in Boro season following AWD
techniques.
24. Higher yield of lentil was obtained at Kapasia and mustard, wheat and potato at
Satkhira by irrigating at 50% depletion of soil moisture.
2.4.2.8 Farm Machinery
Several types of development have been proposed based on research. These are:
25. USG applicator has been developed in the laboratory workshop in BRRI. Different
field trial has been made and necessary modification has been made based on field
trial. The technology needs further validation at farmers’ level to justify the
applicability of the technology.
26. Electric powered expeller has been demonstration at rural level to extract oil at
local level.
27. Solar pump has been demonstrated at field level for replacing the fossil fuel in
farm operations.
40
2.4.2.9 Food Contaminants and Adulteration
28. Water and formalin have been found to be the common contaminants in milk
29. Different contaminants in feed ingredients have also been reported.
30. Frequency of pesticide application in fruits and vegetables has been found very
high. Farmers apply pesticide 10-15 times for fruits and 8-30 times for vegetable
cultivation.
31. In fish market, formalin is used directly on fish or formalin is mixed in feed water
of ice ranging from 0.5 to 5% level.
32. About 68% of the fish feed samples were poor in quality.
33. The range of DDT has been found to be from 62.18 to 76.20 ppb and heptachlor
has been found to be from 0.70 to 4.64 ppb in dry fish.
34. Milled rice of different govt. storages was found safe for human consumption.
35. The commercial brands of Jam, Jelly, squash, natural fruit juice, pickles and
tomato ketchup were found to be of inferior quality compared to BSTI standards.
2.4.2.10 Marketing
36. For brackish water and marine fisheries marketing margin and profit were
relatively higher in consumer market followed by primary and secondary markets.
37. Marketing margin and profit were exceptionally higher for dry fish marketing
compared to frozen fish marketing.
2.4.2.11 Agro-forestry
38. Some medicinal plants and fruit species have been introduced through
participation of the tribal people in hill agroforestry for better productivity and
diversification through community mobilization.
39. In Gher based agro-forestry survivals of Guava and Neem have been found to be
best in dyke.
40. In boundaries of crop land, different fruit species and vegetables were grown at
Norshindhi and Gazipur and also in interspaces in jujube and mango plantation in
Khulna. Women participants in Khulna area have been found to be significant
(80%) in agro-forestry activities.
41. Farmers are encouraging to grow late jute seed in fruit tree orchards and
41
homesteads in combination with tree species and vegetables
2.4.2.12 Fish Culture and Management
42. Allozyme electrophoresis revealed 4 loci in Rohu fishes while 3 in Mrigal.
43. Highest growth of silver carp has been found in ditches constructed in low land.
At Noakhali coastal belt, fish culture in rice field appeared successful and
profitable.
2.4.2.13 Livestock Sector
44. Ninety six G-0 does produced 189 G1 kids of pure Black Bengal goat and 5 G-1
does produced 7 G2 kids (Cross bread). Preventive measures for infectious
diseases have been introduced that reduced mortality of the kids. Supplementary
food for pregnant does have been introduced. The farmers have already adopted
the technology. Community approach of dairy cattle management following
scientific method resulted in overall improvement of the dairy cow.
45. So far 17 superior and meritorious young dairy seed bulls were registered and their
detail information has already been passed to the cattle breeding service providers.
46. A study was conducted for improvement of dietary nutrient based on milk urea
nitrogen (MUN). In dry season significant difference in MUN was found among
Genotypes (Crossbred and local cows) and lactation. The factors like genotypes
(Red Chittagong cattle and Pabna cattle), milking time, Lactation, season and
parities influence the milk constitutes significantly
2.4.2.14 Hill Ecosystem
47. Techniques have been developed to conserve the excess rain water in the hill to
intensify the agricultural activities during dry period. Installation of pumps, ring
tube well and other activities have been completed.
48. In hill ecosystem farmers obtained 57%, 60% and 71% less yield for pineapple,
banana and orange respectively when compared to the research managed yield due
to their ignorance and lack of modern technical knowledge
2.4.2.15 Coastal Ecosystem
49. Under coastal eco-system several crops like sunflower, maize, soybean and
sesame were grown successfully. During fallow period (after T. Aman rice) BARI
42
til-4 has been successfully grown with 44% higher yield in Khulna region, area
expansion through a pilot project under CGP is going on
2.4.2.16 Haor Ecosystem
50. Technology validated in the haor of Mohangonj included summer and winter
vegetable cultivation at homestead; crop intensification in the field; Improved hen
and duck rearing; Beef fattening; Cage culture of fish; Fish polyculture in seasonal
pond and Fish drying resulted increased income of the farmers.
2.4.2.17 Farming Systems Research
51. Nine projects on Farming System Research have been awarded to address under
different ecosystems including hill and haor. The on-going activities include
intervention and monitoring the whole farm activities of small, marginal and
landless farmers. Introduction of modern varieties of Jute seed, different
vegetables, sharisa, mouri and roshune increased crop yield.
52. Introduced BINA dhan-7 and obtained an average yield of 4.0 t/ha. BRRI dhan28
and other inputs have given to the selected farmers.
53. Duckling and pigeon have been distributed among some female farmers. Animals
in the farming system areas were vaccinated and distributed saplings of mango,
year round lemon, tezpata and mahogany among the farmers
2.4.2.18 Climatic Vulnerability
54. Practically no useful information could be generated from the sub-project on
fungal disease incidence in relation to climate change. In climate vulnerable area
of Rangpur about 200 beneficiaries have started community based fisheries and
also others involved in raising fingerling and cage culture. Some areas along the
river have been declared as sanctuary, which resulted tremendous increase of
different natural fishes
2.4.2.19 Cross Cutting
55. Adoption of rice-duck technology increased rice grain yield by 20-30% and 50-
60% higher net income/ha over sole rice system in addition, farmers earn Tk. 600-
900 daily by selling 100-150 eggs regularly.
43
56. Cultivating fish in the ditch and vegetables in the dyke increased farmers income
in the low-lying areas of Jhalokathi and Bogra.
2.4.2.20 ICT
57. The BRKB client network has been piloting in 15 Union Parishod (UP) in 15
Upazila. In each UP a 20 member’s user group has been formed headed by UAO
and provided a CD of BRKB.
2.4.2.21 Basic Studies
58. Blending jute with cotton at 50:50 ratios is the best for uniform blending in cotton
processing system and the properties of 10s 50:50/Jute: Cotton blended yarn and
denim fabrics are comparable to the cotton denim fabric. This innovated
technology has already been transferred to an industry through a MoU signed
recently
2.5 Training Provided
Formal training is an important part for updating skills and acquisition of new ones. Table
2.4 provides information on Ph.D training in-country and abroad by organization. The
highest number of PhD was awarded among the BARI scientist followed by BRRI, BJRI,
BSRI, etc. No higher study program was awarded among BSRTI and BCDB of NARS
Institute. Like distribution of number project among the NARS institute, again we find, a
high concentration of PhD program distributed for two organisations, BARI and BRRI. It
may be that they have more scientists than others and therefore their share is higher than
others. For in-country Ph.D. programme, just a quarter of field of research is in agronomy,
while soil science also received a fair quota. Other sub-disciplines were represented much
more poorly. Initially 30 PhD programs in aboard were approved however, 29 out of them
were achieved (Table 2.5).
Most of the in-country PhD fellows got admission in BAU (43 no.) followed by
BSMRAU (12 no.), DU (03), BUET (01) and RU (01) (Table 2.6). The progresses of the
PhD fellows were reported to be satisfactory. Among the PhD fellows in aboard, most the
fellows got admission in China (11 No.), Thailand (08 no.), Malaysia (07 no.). No PhD
fellows are allowed to get admission in western country.
Apart from Ph.D. programs, short term local training was arranged for 5623 scientists,
44
297 scientists received short term foreign training/study visits, 73 scientists participated in
foreign seminar /workshop. In addition 10 Post -Doctoral fellowships were implemented
(Table 2.8).
Table 2.4: Institute-wise distribution of PhD program
Category of Institute In-country PhD Abroad PhD
NARS
BARI 25 12
BRRI 10 05
BSRI 05 03
BJRI 07 03
BFRI (Fish) 03 01
SRDI 05 01
BINA 03 -
BTRI 01 01
BFRI(Forest) - 01
BLRI - 01
BARC - 01
BSRTI - -
BCDB - -
Ministries 01 01
Universities - -
Total 60 30
Table 2.5: Discipline-wise distribution of PhD research
Field of study In-country Abroad*
Agronomy 15 07
Soil Science 10 04
Agril. Economics 07 01
Entomology 04 03
Horticulture 04 01
Plant pathology 04 02
Agril. Engineering/Postharvest
technology
03 01
Biotechnology/Plant breeding 04 05
Agril. Extension 03 -
Aquaculture 02 01
Polymer science 01 -
Ruminant Nutrition - 01
Seed Science & Technology - 01
Textile Physics - 01
Crop Botany/Crop physiology 03 01
Total 60 29 *29 numbers of PhD in abroad was achieved out of 30 numbers approved
45
Table 2.6 Placement of in-country PhD Fellows at different national universities
University No. of fellows Remarks
Bangladesh Agricultural University 43 Progress satisfactory
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
Agricultural University
12 Progress satisfactory
Dhaka University 03 Progress satisfactory
Bangladesh University of Engineering &
Technology
01 Progress satisfactory
Rajshahi University 01 Progress satisfactory
Total 60
Table 2.7 Country and University wise Placement of International PhD Fellows
Institute No. of fellows Placement of university
Thailand 08 Kasetsart University-6, Asian Institute of Technology-2
Malaysia 07 University Putra Malaysia-6, University Sains Malaysia-1
China 11 Graduates School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural
Sciences-6, Hunan Agricultural University-3, South China
Agricultural University-2
Philippines 01 University of the Philippines Los Banos-1
India 01 Indian Institute of Technology-1
Sri Lanka 01 University of Peradeniya -1
Total 29
Table 2.8 Other training and workshops/seminars
Training/Study visit (Local & foreign)
- 140 event local short term training done and
beneficiary 4977 persons
- 297 persons done foreign short term
training/ study visit.
Post-doctoral - 10 Post-doctoral done in different foreign
countries
Workshop/Seminar (Local/foreign) - 73 persons attend in different foreign
workshop and seminar
- 112 event workshop/seminars done in
different issues
46
2.6 Discussion on Results
The results of projects under SPGR could not be examined because the technologies just have
been developed and some are still under process. At this stage technology did not go to the
field. However from the results of some field trial we could draw some conclusion. Out of the
research endeavors many excellent outputs have been achieved in the areas of variety
development, production technologies, pest and disease management, cropping system, water
management, animal and fish management, crop production system for hilly, coastal, haor,
barind areas and from some basic studies.
Seven varieties were developed under this program. The names of the varieties are i) BINA
dhan 10, ii) aromatic rice hybrid variety: BU hybrid dhan 1, iii) hybrid summer tomato
variety: BARI hybrid tomato 8, iv) white jute variety: BJCA 2197, v) lentil variety: BARI
musur 7, vi) Chickpea variety: BARI chola 9, and vii) Garlic variety: BAU garlic.
The above developed varieties are important in our current cropping pattern. A high yielding
short duration salt tolerant rice variety named as BINA dhan-10 will contribute in rice
production in about 2.85 mha under coastal ecosystem. Heat tolerant tomato could contribute
enhancing income generation in rural people in off season. Heat tolerant wheat could increase
wheat production in the country towards reduction in import of wheat grain.
In addition to variety development some production technology have been developed that are
helpful for achieve potential yield from the existing varieties of different crops. Some
significant production technologies are application of dolochun (lime), IPNS technology on
mustard, Boro, rice, wheat, jute, and maize was developed, gummosis disease of jackfruit,
canker disease of citrus, powdery mildew disease of jujube, major diseases of brinjal and
tomato, soil borne diseases of tomato, brinjal, lentil, and chickpea and rhizome rot disease of
zinger were developed. IPM on vegetable crops and coconut mite control has been
demonstrated among the farmers. Tissue culture protocol for BARI kola 3 and 4 was
standardized.
Cropping pattern is an important issue in agriculture where more than one crop is grown in a
year. Cropping pattern with mungbean or mustard- Boro rice – T. Aman rice, crop patterns of
Aus, Aman and potato/mustard and mungbean were developed. BARI til 4 produced 44%
higher yield after T. Aman rice in the Khulna region. In hill ecosystem round the year
vegetable production model was developed.
47
Potato storage is a burning issue at present because farmers are not getting the benefit of
potato production. A low cost farm level storage facilities for 3-5 months storing of potato
was developed. Low cost potato storage at farm level with the modified/improved method
will reduce storage loss, increase storability by more than a month and net profitability was
calculated to be 1770 TK/ton compared to famer’s practice.
Apart from the crop production technology there some farm machinery also has been
developed. USG applicator, rice transplanter, seed drier, solar pump are some important
technology. However a good drier for agro-product processing is needed.
There are successful practices on fish polyculture in low land with constructed ditches and
rice + fish culture in wet land of coastal areas of Noakhali that increase income of local
communities.
In livestock sector, vaccine against Pollurum disease of poultry was developed. Its impact in
poultry sector is enormous. Cheaper milk replacer for calf and cheaper feed supplement to
increase milk output has been developed and calf mortality has been reduced by 93%.
For sustaining further research progress in future, scientists got training in higher studies and
in short courses and to facilitate quality research, some sophisticated laboratories were
established equipped modern laboratory instruments in the NARS institutes under funding
from the research component of NATP phase 1. In addition to publication of booklets and
leaflets scientists published 49 technical bulletins, 27 full research articles out of the project
activities.
2.7 Summary of Research Component Evaluation and Recommendations
The achievements under the SPGR and KGF-sponsored research may be summarized as
follows:
A total number of 108 research sub-projects have been implemented under SPGR by
PIU and 86 sub – project under CGP by KGF during NATP Phase-1
The sub-projects are distributed among the different ecosystems and areas.
About 50% of the sub-project has been completed and the rests are near completion.
Out of the research activities many excellent outputs have been achieved in the areas
of variety development, production technologies, pest and disease management,
48
cropping system, water management, animal and fish management, crop production
system for hilly, coastal, haor, barind areas and from some basic studies.
Seven varieties verities are developed, namely BINA dhan 10, aromatic rice hybrid
variety: BU hybrid dhan 1, hybrid summer tomato variety: BARI hybrid tomato 8,
white jute variety: BJCA 2197, lentil variety: BARI musur 7, Chickpea variety: BARI
chola 9, Garlic variety: BAU garlic 3.
Several crop management technologies are developed those are In addition to variety
development some production technology of application of dolochun (lime), IPNS
technology on mustard, Boro, rice, wheat, jute, and maize, disease management
technology, potato storage technology, insect management technology etc. are
developed.
Some important cropping patterns have been developed. For example short duration
rice variety and mungbean increased farmers income and food security as well in
monga prone area.
Farm machinery for example USG applicator and seed drier could be helpful for
marginal farmers.
Fish polyculture in low land with constructed ditches and rice + fish culture in wet
land of coastal areas are successful practices for income generations.
Vaccine against Pollurum disease of poultry is promising technology in poultry sector
A total 90 number of PhD programs were awarded among the NARS scientists
including two personnel from ministries also
Short term local training was arranged for 5623 scientists, 106 scientists received
short term foreign training, 20 scientists undertook foreign study visits, and 57
scientists participated in foreign seminar /workshop.
For further continuation of research some sophisticated laboratories were established
equipped with modern instruments.
From the above one can conclude that the research effort had been quite successful as they
go, with better achievements in some fields compared to others. However, it appears that
most studies have had limited goals and their general applicability in terms of technology
developed remain to be further investigated. Secondly, the difference in the two strands of
49
research is not always obvious. SPGR should have broad based goals while KGF-sponsored
research may be more focused which these generally are. A third issue that came up but not
specifically probed was the long time needed in proposal submission, verification, award,
grant release seem to be rather long while the actual research time may be comparably short
for understanding the sustainability of the technology developed or tested.
Based on these the team recommends the following:
a. Both SPGR and KGF sponsored research should be programme based for general
applicability, some progress has been made by focusing on hill and coastal ecosystem
which should be further carried forward
b. Because of nature of transformation from project to programme, multi-year, larger
research ideas should be developed
c. SPGR should concentrate more on research for broad-based applicability and may
have somewhat different perspectives than KGF’s CGP which is oriented more
towards applicability of existing technologies
d. The pre-award time of verification etc. may be reviewed for shortening the process.
50
CHAPTER 3
FINDINGS FROM SAMPLE SURVEY OF FARMERS
3.1 Socio-Economic Profile of the Respondents
Social profile of the sample farmers included age, household size, education and occupation
are presented in Table 3.1.
Age: The differences of age between the CIG and control farmers are not mentionable. The
farmers belonging to the age group of 40-49 years dominate in terms of number in every
group except the groups of crop CIG farmers and fisheries control farmers.
Table 3.1: Socio-economic profile of the farmers
Crop growers Livestock Fisheries stocking
CIG
farmers
(n=200)
Control
farmers
(n=100)
CIG
farmers
(n=50)
Control
farmers
(n=30)
CIG
farmers
(n=50)
Control
farmers
(n=20)
Distribution of the farmers by age group (%)
Less than 30 5.00 5.00 6.00 3.33 2.00 5.00
30-39 16.00 15.00 22.00 23.33 22.00 20.00
40-49 24.50 32.00 34.00 46.67 30.00 35.00
50-59 37.50 27.00 26.00 6.67 24.00 40.00
60+ 17.00 21.00 12.00 20.00 22.00 0.00
Average age 48.39 53.75 45.62 45.33 48.70 45.95
Household size and sex ratio
Household size (member) 4.53 4.64 5.06 4.57 5.32 4.40
Male female ratio 1.39 1.50 1.45 1.55 1.21 1.33
Education attainment of the farmer (%)
Illiterate 11.00 31.00 10.00 26.67 8.00 15.00
Primary/less 27.50 20.00 20.00 23.33 24.00 15.00
Grade 6-10 41.00 35.00 46.00 43.33 40.00 55.00
Grade 11-12 20.00 14.00 22.00 6.67 26.00 15.00
Graduate/above 0.50 0.00 2.00 0.00 2.00 0.00
Average year of
schooling 7.02 5.40*** 7.6 5.73** 7.5 6.75
Distribution of the farmers by their primary occupation (%)
Farming 78.50 72.00 62.00 70.00 66.00 75.00
Small business 8.50 11.00 20.00 16.67 18.00 20.00
Service 5.50 7.00 8.00 6.67 8.00 0.00
Others 7.50 10.00 10.00 6.67 8.00 5.00 Note: *, ** and *** indicate mean differences between the CIG and control farmer’s present situation are
significant at 10%, 5%, and 1% level, respectively (t-test is used).
51
Household size and sex ratio: As like age, household size and male-female ratio of the CIG
and control farmers are similar. Average number of household member for the crop CIG,
livestock CIG and fisheries CIG are 4.53%, 5.06% and 5.32%, respectively. The household
family member number for the crop, livestock and fisheries control groups are 4.64%, 4.57%
and 4.40%, respectively. Households of all categories have more male members than female.
Educational attainment of the farmers: Unlike other indicators, the differences in
educational status of the CIG and control farmers are notable. The CIG farmers have better
education status than the control farmers. Relatively lower portion of the CIG farmers are
illiterate. Proportion of the farmers belonging to the highest educational group is notably high
for the CIG farmers. Their average year of schooling is also higher than the control farmers.
Primary occupation of the respondents: The primary occupation is that with which farmers
spend most of their time. Farming is the primary occupation for 78.5%, 62% and 66% of the
crop, livestock and fisheries CIG farmers. Interestingly proportion of respondents mentioning
farming as their primary occupation is low among the livestock and fisheries farmers.
3.2 Land Ownership and Land Use Pattern for the CIG and Control Farmers
On an average a crop CIG farmer owns 226.1 decimal of land. The total cultivable land for
the crop CIG farmers is 223.3 decimal, of which he owns 155.3 decimal. Compared to the
Control farmers, the CIG farmers own more land and cultivates in more land. Own land
constitutes relatively higher portion of the CIG farmers total cultivable land, than that of the
Control farmers. In these issues, the differences between the two groups are statistically
significant. After joining CIG, the farmer’s total cultivable land has increased significantly.
Before joining CIG, the CIG farmers were cultivating in 190.36 decimal of land. Their total
land ownership has also increased (Table 3.2).
Similar pattern is observed with the livestock and fisheries growers. Compared to the control
farmers, the CIG farmers have better land holding status. The CIG farmers land holding
status has improved after joining CIG. The differences between the two groups are more
notable for the livestock growers (Table 3.2).
52
An immediate issue of comparability may arise here as some of the differences in output and
outcome of NATP may be more a reflection of the differences in land holding rather than the
diffusion of technology. While we would like to examine this further, for the time being we
may refer to a rather large recent evaluation of the NATP Phase I by PCU (NATP) which
came up with similar results. For CIG farmers the average land ownership was 220.4
decimals for the PCU (NATP) survey which is just above 226 in the present case. Similarly,
for the PCU (NATP) survey the average land owned by control farmers was 159.3 compared
to the 164.8 for the present survey.
Table 3.2: Land ownership and land use pattern of the sample farmers (decimal)
Land use/
ownership
type
Crop Livestock Fisheries
CIG farmers Control
farmers
CIG farmers Control
farmers
CIG farmers Control
farmers Before
joining
CIG
Present
(2013)
Before
joining
CIG
Present
(2013)
Before
joining
CIG
Present
(2013)
Homestead 16.0 16.1 19.4 15.6 16.5 15.5 21.0 21.4┼ 18.1
Orchard 17.0 17.0 14.0 5.6 6.6┼┼
7.5 18.7 18.9 9.7
Own pond 9.4 10.2 5.4 28.3 37.4 5.7 55.1 77.9 44.5
Own
cultivable
land
142.9 153.8 92.0*** 68.0 73.1 75.50 126.7 131.4┼ 75.5
Total
cultivable
land
190.4 223.3┼┼
132.2*** 99.3 111.7 114.0 215.9 297.7┼┼┼
124.5**
Total land
ownership 206.7 226.1 164.8* 132.5 161.1
┼┼ 128.1 253.0 283.8
┼ 177.7
Note: *, ** and *** indicate mean differences between the CIG and control farmer’s present situation are
significant at 10%, 5%, and 1% level, respectively (t-test is used). ┼,
┼┼ and
┼┼┼ indicate mean differences in the
CIG farmer’s present and earlier situations are significant at 10%, 5%, and 1% level, respectively (t-test is used).
Differences in land holding between the male and female CIG members are notable. Not
surprisingly, compared to the female the male CIG members have higher land holding status.
The average land ownership for the male is about 2.5 times higher than the female. The
differences between the two groups are significant incase of own cultivable land, total
cultivable land and total land ownership (Table 3.3).
53
Table 3.3: Crop CIG farmers present land ownership and land use pattern by gender
(decimal)
Land use/ownership type CIG farmers
Female (n=60) Male (n=140)
Home stead 13.74 16.67
Orchard 6.18 19.43
Pond 3.75 12.63
Own cultivable land 74.06 175.88***
Total cultivable land 112.49 254.95***
Total land ownership 107.29 260.04*** Note: *, ** and *** indicate mean difference between male and female are significant at 10%, 5%, and 1%
level, respectively (t-test is used).
3.3 Farmers’ Interactions and Experiences with CIG
The NATP has initiated new participatory extension approach through forming farmer’s
group named as Common Interest Group (CIG). The Objective 5 of the TOR was to examine
the efficacy and effectiveness of this new extension approach from the viewpoint of
transparency, participation and decentralization. To attain this objective, several indicators
are set to examine CIG formation process, functions and farmer’s participation in different
CIG activities. This section elaborately examines CIGs performances through these
objectives.
3.3.1 Organizing the CIGs
The CIG groups, each with 20 members, were initiated to effectively disseminate different
technologies to the farmers. The groups are constructed with 80% marginal & small, whereas
the rest are medium and large farmers. The other farmers in the locality are expected to be
motivated by the performances of the CIG farmers and learn and adopt different improved
farming technologies. As CIGs are viewed as a bridge to reach the farmers, their selection
process and acceptability to other farmers are very crucial. The selection process was quite
challenging for the SAAOs. The SAAOs were responsible for organizing meetings to form
CIGs. Among the crop CIG farmers 95.00% were informed by the SAAOs about CIG.
Interestingly, the SAAOs informed 14.89% and 8% of the livestock and fisheries CIG
members, respectively. This information sharing is beyond SAAOs regular responsibility and
indicates their regular intimate interaction with the different categories of farmers. The CEAL
and LEAF agents were the major information source for the livestock and fisheries CIG
farmers (Table 3.4). The numbers of farm families under jurisdiction of each SAAO are quite
54
large. Arranging a general meeting with all of them and selecting 20 farmers with consents
from all other farmers were near to impossible. In reality, the SAAOs organized meeting with
the farmers with whom they have good rapport and selected members from them. Hence the
selection process may not be free from bias and/or favoritism.
Table 3.4: Farmers’ initial information source about CIG
Information sources Crop CIG Livestock CIG Fisheries CIG
Frequency (% of total responses)
SAAO 190 (95.00%) 7 (14.89) 4 (8.00)
Livestock officer 13 (27.66)
Fisheries officer 10 (20.00)
CEAL agent 24 (51.06)
LEAF agent 29 (58.00)
Neighbor CIG farmers 10 (5.00%) 3 (6.38) 7 (14.00)
CIG has created conflict within and outside the group, though such dynamics with group
approach is not very uncommon. Some CIG members were jealous of other members who
received some specific technology or training or organized demonstration. This is also true
for the Control. Some observed the NATP activities to be targeted to some specific farmers
and considering themselves excluded from the process. Some were rigid to receive the
technology even if it was beneficial to them. Minimizing such conflicts is a major area of
challenge for the extension agents and CIG farmers.
3.3.2 Technologies Adopted
Among different NATP technologies, RYMG for T. Aman was the most widely adopted by
the CIG farmers. Four out of every five CIG farmers adopted the T. Aman (RYGM)
technology. T. Aman (RYGM) is followed by RYMG for Boro (55.50%) and AWD for Boro
(30.50%). Compared to these three technologies, adoption of other technologies can be
considered as sporadic (Table 3.5).
55
Table 3.5: Adoption of different NATP technologies by the crop CIG farmers
Name of the technology % of CIG farmers
T. Aman (RYGM) 80.50
Boro (RYGM) 55.50
Boro (AWD) 30.50
Aus (RYGM) 8.00
Summer tomato 7.50
Brinjal (IPM practice) 7.50
Modern mustard varieties 6.50
Modern wheat varieties 5.00
Modern lentil varieties 2.00
Table 3.6 shows NATP technology adoption by different educational groups. Compared to
other groups, relatively higher proportion of farmers belonging to the highest educational
group (secondary or above) adopted T. Aman (RYMG), Boro (RYMG), summer tomato,
modern mustard varieties, modern wheat varieties and modern lentil varieties. Incase of
brinjal and Aus (RYMG) the group of illiterate farmers have better adoption rate (Table 3.6).
Table 3.6: Technology adoption by different education group
Name of the
technology
% of adopters from different educational groups
Illiterate Primary/less Grade 6-10 Secondary/above
T. Aman (RYGM) 81.82 83.64 71.95 92.68**
Boro (RYGM) 59.09 49.09 56.10 60.98
Boro (AWD) 27.27 30.91 32.93 26.83
Aus (RYGM) 18.18 10.91 2.44 9.76**
Summer tomato 4.55 7.27 4.88 14.63
Brinjal (IPM practice) 13.64 7.27 7.32 4.88
Modern mustard
varieties 0.00 0.00 9.76 12.20***
Modern wheat varieties 0.00 0.00 3.66 17.07***
Modern lentil varieties 4.55 0.00 1.22 4.88 Note: *, ** and *** indicate difference among the groups are significant at 10%, 5%, and 1% level, respectively
( test is used).
Proportion of farmers adopting different NATP technologies is notably higher in the group of
training recipient than the group of non-recipient. The difference is significant incase of all
the technologies except lentil (Table 3.7). Training effectively introduces different aspects
and potentials of a technology to the participants which boost up their confidence to adopt the
same.
56
Table 3.7: Proportion of NATP training recipient and non-recipient farmers adopting
different technologies
Name of the technology % of trainee adopting % of non-trainee adopting
T. Aman (RYGM) 80.32 29.46***
Boro (RYGM) 56.38 16.96***
Boro (AWD) 29.79 11.61***
Aus (RYGM) 7.98 2.68**
Modern wheat varieties 18.8 0.00***
Modern mustard varieties 6.92 0.00***
Modern lentil varieties 2.13 0.00
Summer tomato 7.45 0.89***
Brinjal (IPM practice) 7.98 0.00***
Note: *, ** and *** indicate difference among the groups are significant at 10%, 5%, and 1% level, respectively
( test is used).
Model specification for identifying farm level determinants of NATP technologies
adoption and level of adoption
A probit model approach is followed to identify the factors influencing farm level adoption of
T. Aman (RYGM) and Boro (RYMG) technologies. Among the adopters, variation is
observed in level of adoption. Some of the adopters have applied the adopted technology is
all their available land, whereas some devoted portion of land for the technology. To explain
reasons for differences in adoption level of these two technologies a Tobit model approach is
used.
The general form of the probit model for both the technologies can be constructed as follows:
ikikiikiii xßxßxßxxy ......1Pr 22111 (3.1)
Where, Pr is the probability; iy is the i th farm’s adoption decision and is binary in nature
(1 for adopters, 0 otherwise); is the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the
standard normal distribution; and kii xx ...,,1 are different exogenous variables explaining i th
farm’s adoption decision. The list of common explanatory variables for both the technologies
are: dummy for CIG farmers (1=CIG farmers, 0=control farmers); dummy for NATP
organized agricultural fair participants (1=participant, 0=non-participant); dummy for NATP
training participants (1=trainee, 0=non-trainee); dummy for farmers visiting FIAC
(1=visitors, 0=non-visitors); log of own cultivable land (decimal); log of annual off farm
income (tk); educational status of the farmer (0= illiterate, 1=primary/less, 2= grade 6 and
above); number of active family members in the household (family members within the age
57
range of 15-65 years); and number of household member(s) with farming as primary
occupation. An additional variable to represent AWD technology adoption (dummy, 1 for
adopters and 0 for non-adopters) status is used in the model for Boro (RYGM). The
parameters kßß ...,,1 are typically estimated by maximum likelihood estimation (MLE)
procedure.
Model specification for analyzing factors influencing level of adoption
Level of adoption is identified as quantity of land under the technology. As the nature of the
endogenous variable (quantity of land used for a technology) here is censored (some farms
have 0 value as they did not cultivate that technology, whereas others cultivated), we utilize
Tobit model specification to explain differences in level of adoption.
According to Tobin (1958), i
y is observed if 0* iy and is not observed if 0* iy , and the
observed iy will be defined as;
00
0*
**
i
iiii
i
yif
yifxyy
(3.2)
The error term is distributed as 2,0 N . Following Gujarati (2003), the specified model for
the farms who have adopted and who have not, can be written as:
otherwise
0landof quantity if
0
μxβ...xβxββy
ikik2i21i10
i (3.3)
Where, k ,...,0 are the unknown parameters to be estimated; and kii xx ,...,1 are the farm
level explanatory variables those may influence quantity of land allotted to a specific
technology. The lists of explanatory variables for both the technologies are same as is used
for the probit models. Using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) procedure, the Tobit
model is estimated. According to Maddala (1992), the likelihood function for the Tobit model
can be written as follows:
00
1
iv
i
iv
ii xF
xyfL
(3.4)
Through maximizing the function with respect to and , we can get the MLE estimates of
these parameters.
58
Farm level determinants of T. Aman (RYGM) and Boro (RYMG) technology adoption
and level of adoption
Table 3.8 presents the determinants of T. Aman (RYGM) and Boro (RYMG) technology
adoption and level of adoption estimated through probit and Tobit models, respectively. The
table presents marginal effects estimated at mean referring to change in the probability of
outcome variable due to infinitesimal change in independent variables. The detailed model
estimates with coefficients and standard errors are available in Appendix 5.
CIG farmers have significantly higher probability to adopt both the technologies. Their
adoption level is significantly higher in case of Boro (RYGM). CIG membership enables
farmers to have better access to information and knowledge about different technologies.
These farmers also have better access to extension services. The extension agents focus more
with these farmers. Hence it is not surprising to have higher adoption probabilities with these
farmers. Similarly higher probability with FIAC visiting farmers can be explained. The
farmers who have visited FIAC are better adopters of both the RYGM technologies. They
also allot more land for these technologies, though the effect is not significant in the Tobit
model for T. Aman (RYGM). Here it should be noted that compared to the control farmers,
significant higher proportion of CIG farmers visited FIAC. As like FIAC visitors, the
agricultural fair visitors have higher probability of adopting Boro (RYGM) technology.
Probably the most crucial factor for adoption and level of adoption is farmers own land. A
one percent increase in the land quantity will result in 0.00035 times increase adoption
probability of T. Aman (RYGM). The similar change for the Boro farmers will increase their
probability of Boro (RYGM) adoption by 0.00061 times. A 100 percent increase in own land
quantity will increase land under T. Aman (RYGM) and Boro (RYGM) by 10.42 and 7.39
times, respectively.
The dummy of Boro (AWD) technology adoption has negative sign in both the models for
Boro (RYGM). The negative sign in the probit model means that the AWD adopters have
lower probability of adopting Boro (RYGM) technology. Compared to the AWD adopters the
non-adopters have 33.4% higher probability of adopting Boro (RYGM) technology. The
AWD non-adopters cultivate in 13.38% more land than the AWD adopters. This may happen,
as both the technologies are for increasing Boro production, a farmer may consider adopting
either one is sufficient.
59
Table 3.8: Marginal effect of determinants of T. Aman (RYGM) and Boro (RYGM)
technology adoption and level of adoption
Regressors T. Aman (RYGM) Boro (RYGM)
Determinants
of adoption
Determinants
of level of
adoption
Determinants
of adoption
Determinants
of level of
adoption
Marginal effect (S.E.)a
CIG membership
(dummy)
0.533
(0.122)***
42.042
(13.264)***
0.353
(0.117)***
25.011
(19.355)
Agricultural fair visitors
(dummy)
-0.086
(0.096)
-4.054
(9.809)
0.161
(0.099)*
-11.910
(8.3663)
Trainee (dummy) 0.040
(0.146)
0.518
(13.605)
0.072
(0.139)
13.159
(19.763)
FIAC visitors (dummy) 0.120
(0.067)*
7.148
(8.757)
0.258
(0.067)***
23.266
(7.918)***
Log of own cultivable
land (decimal)
0.035
(0.021)*
10.420
(3.311)***
0.061
(0.023)***
7.388
(3.003)***
Log of annual off farm
income (tk)
-0.003
(0.007)
-0.838
(0.865)
0.00000001
(0.0000003)
-0.371
(0.704)
Education status of the
farmer
-0.039
(0.042)
-5.902
(4.818)
-0.020
(0.042)
0.207
(3.695)
Active family members
in the household (no)
0.006
(0.025)
9.435
(4.040)***
-0.027
(0.027)
3.217
(2.465)
Household member with
farming as primary
occupation (no)
-0.002
(0.058)
3.993
(6.963)
0.039
(0.057)
3.915
(5.470)
Boro (AWD) adoption
(Dummy)
-0.334
(0.057)***
13.379
(7.925)* Note:
*,
**, and
*** indicate significance levels at 10%, 5%, and 1%, respectively.
a Instead of coefficients the marginal effects are reported here. Marginal effects are estimated at mean and refer
to change in the probability due to infinitesimal change in independent variable.
A farmer’s probability of adoption and level adoption of both the technologies is positively
associated with number of active family members in his household. The positive associations
mean that farms with more active family members (family members within the range of 15 to
65 years) are more likely to adopt and their adoption level is also higher. As these farms have
more active members they can easily adopt and mange new technology. But the relationship
is significant only in the Tobit model for T. Aman (RYGM).
3.3.3 Reasons for Joining CIGs
Farmers’ responses regarding reasons for joining CIG are categorized into three broad
categories: knowing modern cultivation technology, increasing production and getting
appropriate and necessary advice. Knowing modern cultivation technology is the most
60
pronounced reason and is mentioned in 69.04%, 92.16% and 100% of the responses made by
the crop, livestock and fisheries CIG members, respectively. Increasing production and
getting advice are mentioned in 18.51% and 12.46% responses of crop CIG farmers,
respectively (Table 3.9).
Table 3.9: Reasons for joining CIG
Reasons Crop CIG Livestock CIG Fisheries CIG
Frequency (% of total responses)
To know modern cultivation technology 194 (69.04) 47 (92.16) 50 (100.00)
To increase production 52 (18.51) 2 (3.92) 0 (0.00)
To get appropriate and necessary advice 35 (12.46) 1 (19.6) 0 (0.00)
Total 281 (100.00) 51 (100.00) 50 (100.00)
3.3.4 Meeting and Micro-Extension Plan
The CIGs were functioning quiet efficiently. Members were regularly attending meetings,
doing micro-extension plans, doing group savings, receiving and following training. Among
the crop CIG members 93.50% and 90.50% were regularly participating in CIG meetings and
doing micro-extension plans. In case of livestock and fisheries farmers 90% and 84%
reported to regularly attend meeting. Compared to the crop CIG, farmer’s involvement in
micro-extension plan is not satisfactory. Proportion of livestock and fisheries farmers doing
micro-extension plan are 26% and 44%, respectively. All most all the three categories of CIG
farmers involved in micro-extension plan were following the plan (Table 3.10). But no
budget is available for conducting these meetings. The organizer farmers and the SAAO
manage some refreshment for the meeting participants by their own initiative.
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Table 3.10: CIG framers’ experiences with the CIG and its different activities
Different function of CIG and farmer’s
interactions
Crop CIG Livestock CIG Fisheries CIG
n % n % n %
Farmers regularly participating in meeting 187 93.50 45 90.00 42 84.00
Micro-extension plan
Farmers involved in planning 181 90.50 13 26.00 22 44.00
Farmers following the plan over farmers
involved in planning 172 95.03 13 100.00 22 100.00
Training
Farmers receiving training 187 93.50 35 70.00 38 76.00
Gained knowledge over no of trainee 186 99.47 33 94.29 38 100.00
Used training knowledge over no of trainee 182 97.33 33 94.29 38 100.00
Willing to use knowledge over no of trainee 181 96.79 33 94.29 38 100.00
Members doing savings 175 87.50 40 80.00 41 82.00
Exhibition
Farmers visiting exhibition 64 32.00 11 22.00 14 28.00
Gained knowledge over no of visitors 63 98.44 10 90.91 14 100.00
Used knowledge over no of visitors 57 89.06 10 90.91 14 100.00
Willing to use knowledge in future over
those visited 52 81.25 10 90.91 14 100.00
Field day
Farmers visiting field day 59 29.50 10 20.00 5 10.00
Gained knowledge over no of visitors 58 98.31 9 90.00 5 100.00
Used knowledge over no of visitors 52 88.14 8 80.00 5 100.00
Willing to use knowledge in future over
those visited 52 88.14 8 80.00 5 100.00
Agricultural fair
Farmers visiting fair 46 23.00 6 12.00 8 16.00
Gained knowledge over no of visitors 44 95.65 6 100.00 7 87.50
Used knowledge over no of visitors 43 93.48 6 100.00 7 87.50
Willing to use knowledge in future over
those visited 38 82.61 6 100.00 7 87.50
3.3.5 Training Received
Among the crop CIG sample farmers 187 (93.50%) received training on 14 different topics.
During the FGDs farmers reported their satisfaction about the training. Through training they
were informed about identification, production and preservation of improved seed varieties.
This has increased farm level production of seed. Consequently farmers are relying less on
seeds sold in open market. Even if they purchase those seeds, they are confident to identify
quality seeds. The agricultural officers also recognized farmers’ knowledge improvement
about seed production and identification. After training some are sowing seeds in lines with
proper spacing. Some farmers learn about balanced use of chemical fertilizers. The farmers
also reported increased use of organic manure. The agricultural officers and the SAAOs was
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the trainer in these sessions. The SAAOs pointed out the importance of the Training of
Trainers (ToT). Among the training recipients 97.33% reported to imply their training
knowledge in their daily farming, and 96.79% said that they will continue application of
training knowledge in the field (Table 3.10).
3.3.6 Group Savings
Group savings are another important activity of the CIG. Total of 175 (87.50%) crop CIG
members, 40 (80.00%) livestock CIG members and 41 (82.00%) fisheries CIG members
reported to do regular group savings (Table 3.10). These saving were used by the members in
time of need. They could take loan from these saving and use in time of need. The extension
agents mentioned group savings as an important indicator for successful group activity. The
groups doing regular savings was observed to be active and successfully implement different
CIG activities. Savings increased ownership feeling among the members.
3.3.7 Exhibition
Farmer’s participation rate in exhibition is not that much satisfactory. Only 32% of the crop
CIG farmers reported to visit exhibition. They visited 10 different types of exhibitions.
Almost all of them (98.44%) gained knowledge from exhibition. Among the exhibition
participants 89.06% were using exhibition knowledge in farming and 81.25% expressed their
willingness to continue practicing this knowledge. Participation rate incase of livestock
(22%) and fisheries (28%) CIG farmers are even poor. But the proportion of farmers
reporting to gain knowledge and using knowledge are similar to the crop CIG farmers (Table
3.10). According to the FGD participants the benefits of visiting exhibition are: increased
production, reduced cost of production, learning about different modern technologies, and
improving farming practices, etc.
3.3.8 Field Day
Among our sample crop CIG farmers 29.50% participated in different field days organized.
The field days were organized on farming issues. Some of these organized by DAE are:
RYGM, AWD, wheat, mustard, lentil, summer tomato, IPM on high value vegetables (sex
pheromone trap), jujube orchard and compost preparation. Among the livestock CIG farmers
20% participated in field day on beef fattening and dairy cow farming. The DoF organizes
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field day on carp poly-culture and tilapia culture, where only 10% of the fisheries CIG
reported to participate. Among the crop CIG visitors, 98.31% reported to gain farming
knowledge. Later 88.14% are found to use these knowledge and 88.14% are willing to
continue to practice these knowledge. Participant farmers experiences with DLS and DoF
organized field days are similar (Table 3.10).
3.3.9 Agricultural Fair
Relatively small number of CIG farmers participated in different agricultural fairs organized
by DAE, DLS and DoF. Participation rate among the crop, livestock and fisheries CIG
farmers are 23%, 12% and 16%, respectively. From fair organized by DAE the farmers
learned about modern varieties, improved farming practices and solutions of different
problems. Some of them got motivated to adopt new technology. Among the fair visitors
93.48% reported to gain knowledge from fair and 93.48% were found to use the knowledge.
A total of 38 (82.61%) visitors showed their willingness to continue practice of knowledge
gained from fair. Farmer’s satisfaction with DLS and DoF’s fair in terms of knowledge
gaining and practicing knowledge at present and in future are similar to DAE fair participants
(Table 3.10). The reasons mentioned by the farmers for their relatively lower participation
rate are: not being informed about the event, distance, lack of time and motivation, etc.
3.3.10 FIAC Activities
Farmer’s Information and Advisory Centre (FIAC) was established with a vision to work as a
center to solve farmers’ problem and technology diffusion. FIAC was established in the union
parishad. It has facilities to display different technologies (e.g. seed, moisture meter, etc.) and
ICT facilities. The respective SAAO are responsible to maintain FIAC office by rotation.
Both the farmers and extension agents during FGDs viewed FIAC to be important for solving
farmers’ problems and disseminating technology.
64
Table 3.11: Farmers’ interaction and experiences with the FIAC
CIG farmers Control farmers
Frequency (%)
Farmers reporting FIAC existence 123 (61.50) 33 (33.00)***
Farmers from FIAC areas visiting FIAC 93 (75.61) 18 (54.55) ***
No of visits by the farmers reporting FIAC’s existence 9.51 5.28*
Reason for visiting (% of total response)
Yellow leaf of paddy 65 (45.14) 12 (46.15)
Insect control 48 (33.33) 8 (30.77)
Other reasons 31 (21.53) 6 (23.08)
Total 144 (100.00) 26 (100.00)
Farmers receiving expected advice (% of visitors) 93 (100) 18 (100)
Farmers using advice (% of visitors) 92 (98.92) 18 (100)
Farmers benefitted by advice (% of farmers using advise) 92 (100) 18 (100)
Types of benefit (% of total response)
Insect control 68 (38.86) 11 (36.67)
Use of balanced fertilizer 11 (6.29) 1 (3.33)
Production increased 59 (33.71) 4 (13.33)
Others 37 (21.14) 14 (46.67)
Total 175 (100.00) 30 (100.00) Note: *, ** and *** indicate significance at 10%, 5%, and 1% level, respectively (t-
test is used).
But FIAC has not been established is every union. Total of 156 (62.00%) sample farmers
reported about FIAC’s existence. Compared to the control farmers (33.00%), relatively
higher portion of the CIG farmers (61.50%) reported CIG’s existence. Significantly higher
portion of the CIG farmers were visiting FIAC and their average number of visits were also
higher compared to those of control farmers. Among the farmers reporting FIAC existence,
75.61% and 55.55% of the CIG and control farmers reported to visit FIAC, respectively. The
average number of number visits for the CIG farmers was around 10 (9.51), whereas it was
5.28 for the control group farmers. Though the two groups of farmer’s exhibit notable
differences in level of participation, their experiences with CIG are almost similar. The major
two problems for which they visited FIAC were: yellowish paddy leaf (45.14% and 46.15%
of total response for CIG and control group, respectively) and insect attack (33.33% and
30.77% of total response for CIG and control group, respectively) (Table 3.11). Other reasons
for visiting FIAC include: soil testing, seed production and preservation, different disease,
etc. All of the visitors reported to receive their expected advice service. But the SAAOs and
officials in extension office mentioned several constraints to deliver services. Since FIAC is
not established in every union, a FIAC is to support several unions. Hence the distance
becomes an issue for some of the visitors. All the SAAOs doing rotation in FIAC are not
65
known to the farmers coming from different unions. For these two reasons some farmers feel
discouraged to visit FIAC.
Furthermore for FIAC activities SAAOs do not get any additional financial support, though
the agents in LEAF and SEAL get some minimal amount. Some financial allowance may
encourage the SAAOs. Many of the SAAOs do not have sufficient IT skills to use and
maintain the installed computer. Things become complicated when technical difficulties
arise. Along with ICT training the extension agents demanded more training on
communication and farming technology.
The farmers’ responses show that, even after having all these difficulties the FIACs were
working better than expected. All the farmers who visited FIAC reported to be satisfied with
FIAC’s advice and 98.92% followed these advices. All of them were benefitted though these
advice. The important benefits they received from FIAC are: insect control (38.54%), use of
balanced fertilizer (5.85%), production increased (30.73%) and others (24.88%) (Table 3.11).
3.3.11 Performances of LEAF
The NATP project has appointed extension agent namely Local Extension Agent for
Fisheries (LEAF). The agents are expected to work as a hub for problem solution and
technology diffusion. Compared to the fisheries control farmers, significantly higher
proportion of the fisheries CIG farmers reported about existence of LEAF. Among the sample
fisheries CIG farmers, 92% reported about existence of LEAF; whereas only 35% of the
fisheries control farmers could report about LEAF’s existence. Average number of visit made
to LEAF is also notably high among the CIG farmers. The most pronounced reason for
visiting LEAF by both the groups is gulping. Other reasons include: malnutrition, disease and
feed problems, and changing water colour. All the visitors got their expected advice and
reported to follow the advice (Table 3.12).
66
Table 3.12: Farmers’ interaction and experiences with the LEAF
CIG farmers Control farmers
Frequency (%)
Farmers reporting LEAF existence 46 (92.00) 7 (35.00)***
Farmers from LEAF areas visiting LEAF 42 (91.30) 7 (100.00)
Average no of visits by the farmers reporting LEAF’s existence 11.62 6.29
Reason for visiting (% of total response)
Gulping 33 (42.86) 5 (45.45)
Malnutrition 19 (24.68) 3 (27.27)
Fish disease and feed problems 9 (11.69) 3 (27.27)
Changing water colour 16 (20.78) 0 (0.00)
Total responses 77 (100.00) 11 (100.00)
Farmers receiving expected advice (% of visitors) 42 (100.00) 7 (100.00)
Farmers using advice (% of visitors) 42 (100.00) 7 (100.00)
Farmers benefitted by advice (% of farmers using advise) 42 (100.00) 6 (85.71)***
Types of benefit (% of total response)
Disease cured 30 (46.88) 3 (100.00)
Improved water colour 12 (18.75)
Production increased 22 (34.38)
Total 64 (100.00) 3 (100.00) Note: *, ** and *** indicate significance at 10%, 5%, and 1% level, respectively (t-
test is used).
3.3.12 Performances of CEAL
As like LEAF for fisheries, Community Extension Agent for Livestock (CEAL) is appointed
for the livestock farmers. Almost all of the livestock CIG farmers (96%) could report about
existence of CEAL, whereas around half of the livestock control farmers (56%) could report
about the same. Three out of every four CIG farmers who could report about CEAL visited
CEAL and their average number of visits is 10.33. Less than half (46.67%) of the control
farmers reporting about existing of CEAL visited CEAL. Average number of visit is 5.14 for
the control farmers. The visitors have mentioned varieties of reasons for visiting CEAL. The
list of reasons includes: Stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth and lips) and fever, low milk
production, anorexia, worm attack and dysentery, foot and mouth disease, and artificial
insemination. Of these the most pronounced reason by both the groups is worm attack and
dysentery. Visitors experience with CEAL’s advice can be said quite satisfactory as almost
all of them reported to be benefitted by following advice (Table 3.13).
67
Table 3.13: Farmers’ interaction and experiences with the CEAL
CIG farmers Control farmers
Frequency (%)
Farmers reporting CEAL existence 48 (96.00) 15 (56.00)
Farmers from CEAL areas visiting CEAL 36 (75.00) 7 (46.67)
No of visits by the farmers reporting CEAL’s existence 10.33 5.14
Reason for visiting (% of total response)
Stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth and lips) and fever 13 (19.70) 2 (13.33)
Low milk production 5 (7.58) 0 (0.00)
Anorexia 15 (22.73) 4 (26.67)
Worm attack and dysentery 23 (34.85) 6 (40.00)
Foot and mouth disease 7 (10.61) 2 (13.33)
Artificial insemination 3 (4.55) 1 (6.67)
Farmers receiving expected advice (% of visitors) 35 (97.22) 7 (100.00)
Farmers using advice (% of visitors) 35 (97.22) 7 (100.00)
Farmers benefitted by advice (% of farmers using advise) 35 (100.00) 7 (100.00)
Types of benefit (% of total response)
Disease cured 30 (65.22) 7 (70.00)
Milk production increased 6 (13.04) 0 (0.00)
Artificial insemination 3 (6.52) 1 (10.00)
Others 7 (15.22) 2 (20.00)
3.4 Impact Analysis of Individual Technology
3.4.1 T. Aman (RYGM)
Compared to the control farmers, the CIG farmers bear higher cost in T. Aman season which
is compensated by higher production and ultimately higher return. Fertilizer cost was the
major cost component for the CIG farmers (64.25% of total cost), whereas it was labour cost
for the control farmers (33.32% of total cost). Labour cost was almost similar for both the
groups. Here it is noteworthy mentioning that, Aman is a season where farmers cultivate
mostly local varieties and these requires low fertilizer doses. But the seed sources presented
in Table 3.19 says that the CIG farmers are collecting more seeds from formal sources like
BADC which are different varieties developed by research institutes and require more
fertilizer doses than the local varieties do. This is also an indication of more
commercialization attitude of the CIG farmers. In case of other cost items the CIG farmers
bear higher cost compared to the control group farmers. As threshing cost is associated with
production, relatively higher production in CIG farmers filed results in higher threshing cost
(Table 3.14).
68
On an average the CIG farmers produced 4.995 t/ha of paddy, which is 6.57% higher than the
control farmers. The impact assessment study conducted by PCU, NATP estimated 4.6 t/ha
for the CIG farmers. CIG farmers gross return (48217 tk/ha) is around 20% higher than that
of control group (40312 tk/ha) (Table 3.14).
Table 3.14: Cost and return from T. Aman paddy production
CIG Control farmers
Cost
Seed (tk/ha) 1867 2034
Fertilizer (tk/ha) 59008 10996
Land preparation cost (tk/ha) 6370 5311
Labour cost (tk/ha) 12786 12716
Irrigation cost (tk/ha) 3831 2540
Insecticide cost (tk/ha) 1758 1605
Threshing cost (tk/ha) 5890 3132
Total cost (tk/ha) 91847 38158
Return
Paddy production (ton/ha) 4.995 4.687
Gross income (tk/ha) 86980 79044
Gross return (t/ha) 48271 40312
3.4.2 Boro (RYGM)
Compared to the control farmers the CIG farmers produced more in the Boro season and
earned more. Average production for the CIG farmers was 6.49 ton/ha, whereas it was 5.98
ton/ha for the control farmers. Gross return for the CIG farmers was 25.49% higher than that
of the control farmers (Table 3.15).
69
Table 3.15: Cost and return from Boro paddy production
CIG Control farmers
Cost
Seed (tk/ha) 3963 2494
Fertilizer (tk/ha) 53820 18701
Land preparation cost (tk/ha) 6958 5482
Labour cost (tk/ha) 16107 17906
Irrigation cost (tk/ha) 14145 10003
Insecticide cost (tk/ha) 2628 3629
Threshing cost (tk/ha) 7672 5129
Total cost (tk/ha) 105292 63345
Return
Paddy production (ton/ha) 6.49 5.98
Gross income (tk/ha) 138151 110091
Gross return (t/ha) 86370 57298
3.4.3 Boro (AWD)
With no doubt, AWD is an efficient water saving technology. The adopter farmer has to
perform some additional management practices (e.g. using pipe, monitoring water level, etc.).
The technology also promises to cut labour requirement for weed management. But the
technology is not widely adopted for two major constraints as is reported in the impact
assessment report conducted by the PCU, NATP. The report says – ‘Adoption of the
technology was constrained in two fronts. Firstly, in the prevailing irrigation water selling
system the respondents were to pay the full water charge irrespective how much less water
the respondent actually used. Thus, benefit of the technology went to the management of the
irrigation installation. Secondly, benefit of the technology in one or two field using AWD in
the command area could not be effectively assessed, because lateral seepage from the
adjacent field not using AWD influenced root zone water in the demonstration plot. These
two issues might be taken care of in the next phase. Usefulness of a pilot programme
applying the technology over the entire command area might be assessed.’ Hence, the
adoption of this technology largely depends on water market reform through introduction of
water charges based on usage quantity.
Among the CIG farmers who cultivated Boro only 16.56% were informed about AWD’s
water frequency and cost saving features. Only 15.92% of the Boro growing CIG farmers
adopted AWD. All of the adopters were using pipe, indicating adopters’ sufficient level of
70
understanding about the technology. According to the AWD adopters, they were able to
reduce irrigation cost in Boro season by 55.19% through adopting this technology (Table
3.16).
Table 3.16: Impact of Alternate Wetting and Drying on Boro growing CIG farmers
Boro grower’s experiences with AWD Response (%)
% of farmers with AWD knowledge 16.56
% of farmers adopted AWD 15.92
% of AWD adopter using pipe 100.00
Cost saved (%) 55.19
3.4.4 Costs and Returns from Other Crops
Per farm cost and return from Aus rice, wheat, mustard and lentil are estimated and presented
in Table 3.9. From methodological perspective, it is necessary to mention that number of
growers for these four crops did not fulfill the large sample criterion, and hence the results
here are at best indicative of the trend. Instead of per hectare analysis, farm level analysis is
done for the same reason. For all the four crops, the CIG farmers have higher production and
return. The CIG farmers get higher return by bearing higher cost. Most notable difference is
observed between CIG and non-CIG farmers in case of wheat and mustard (Table 3.17).
Table 3.17: Cost and return from different crops (per farm)
Crop Production (kg) Cost (tk) Gross return (tk)
Aus
CIG farmers 1409 14781 9585
Control farmers 1100 12060 7964
Wheat
CIG farmers 1553 18569 23020
Control farmers 1107 13230 7320
Mustard
CIG farmers 377 5275 8670
Control farmers 220 5101 1968
Lentil
CIG farmers 328 7806 14998
Control farmers 293 4490 14543
3.4.5 Crop Technology Dissemination by the CIG farmers
CIGs were established to disseminate technology. The second column of the Table 3.18
shows number of CIG farmers reporting about other farmers’ adopting. The next column
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shows average number of farmers adopted. The T. Aman and Boro are the most successful
technology in terms of number of CIG farmers reporting dissemination and average number
of adopters.
Table 3.18: Technology dissemination by the CIG farmers
Crop/technology No of CIG farmers reporting
other farmers to adopt
Average number of
adopters
T. Aman (RYGM) 127 4.91
Boro (RYGM) 118 4.50
Boro (AWD) 40 4.23
Aus (RYGM) 15 4.20
Modern mustard varieties 9 5.33
3.4.6 Seed Source
A major component of the RYMG technology is to enhance use of quality seed at farm level.
Farmers were trained to produce and select quality seeds. In the T. Aman season, the CIG
farmers were mostly relying on own production (48.91%) and BADC (36.96%) for seed.
Very few CIG farmers used seeds from open market (11.43%) and informal sources
(neighbor, 1.09%). The control farmers in the season were mainly relying on own seed
sources (54.55%). Compared to that of CIG farmers, proportion of control farmers using
BADC seed in T. Aman season was negligible. In Boro season, proportionate distribution of
both categories of farmers according to seed source is similar. The quantitative data here do
not argue for much success in encouraging farm level seed production (Table 3.19). But the
messages from qualitative data indicate that the situation may improve. During the FGD and
KII, both the farmers and agricultural officers mentioned that farmers are now more capable
producing quality seed which is reducing their dependency on market. Even if they purchase
seed from external sources they can now more efficiently identify quality seed. Some farmers
are even replacing BADC seed by their own seed.
72
Table 3.19: Frequency distribution of the rice growers according to seed sources
Seed sources
T. Aman Boro
CIG farmers Control farmers CIG farmers Control farmers
Frequency (% of number of responses)
BADC 68 (36.96) 6 (18.18) 76 (49.35) 11 (40.74)
DAE 3 (1.63) 0 (0.00) 3 (1.95) 3 (11.11)
Own 90 (48.91) 18 (54.55) 45 (29.22) 8 (29.63)
Neighbor 2 (1.09) 3 (9.09) 4 (2.60) 1 (3.70)
Market 21 (11.43) 6 (18.18) 25 (16.23) 4 (14.81)
All 184 (100.0) 33 (100.00) 154 (100.0) 27 (100.00)
3.4.7 Insect/Pest Management Practices
Compared to the CIG farmers, the control farmers rely more on chemical practices for
controlling the pest and insect attacks. Among the CIG farmers, 53.21% and 62.91% practice
only IPM technology in T. Aman and Boro season, respectively. Another 39.10% and
30.60% practice combination of both IPM and chemical management in T. Aman and Boro
season, respectively. In both the seasons relatively lower proportion of control farmers
practice IPM. Proportion of farmers following only chemical pest management practices is
high in the group of control farmers (Table 3.20).
Table 3.20: Rice grower’s pest management practices
Pest management
practices
T. Aman Boro
CIG farmers Control farmers CIG farmers Control farmers
Frequency (% of number of farmers)
IPM 83 (53.21) 13 (40.63) 84 (62.69) 11 (47.83)
Insecticides/pesticides 12 (7.69) 10 (31.25) 9 (6.72) 2 (8.70)
Both 61 (39.10) 9 (28.13) 41 (30.60) 10 (43.48)
3.4.8 Changes in CIG Farmers’ Land Area and Productivity
CIG farmers’ land use and productivity from different crops increased after joining CIG.
While joining CIG, on an average a farmer was cultivating T. Aman, Boro and Aus in
124.12, 140.19 and 107.25 decimal of land, respectively. After joining CIG, the area has
increased in these three seasons. Productivity has also increased in the three seasons, and the
increases are statistically significant. Productivity increases are 24% for T. Aman, 29% for
Boro, and 27% for Aus (Table 3.21). These are very large gains and if can be sustained and
replicated all over Bangladesh, would push the country in a very big way towards sustained
food security.
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For the other crops the sample size did not fulfill the large sample criterion, and hence the
results are at best indicative of the trend. The most notable increase in land quantity occurred
for mustard (233%) and wheat (41%). Productivity increases were most notable for brinjal
(44%) and tomato (20%) (Table 3.21).
Table 3.21: Changes in land area and productivity for the CIG farmers
Crop While joining CIG Present situation (2013) Change
in land
(decimal)
Change in
productivity
(kg/decimal) Land
(decimal)
Productivity
(kg/decimal)
Land
(decimal)
Productivity
(kg/decimal)
T. Aman
(RYGM) 124.12 13.89 130.85 17.17 6.73*** 3.28***
Boro
(RYGM) 140.19 19.77 155.01 25.46 14.82 5.70***
Aus
(RYGM) 107.25 11.91 115.79 15.15 8.54 3.24***
Modern
wheat
varieties
53.67 9.77 75.67 12.72 22.00*** 2.96***
Modern
mustard
varieties
10.54 3.60 35.16 6.15 24.62*** 2.56
Summer
tomato 10.26 92.04 15.61 110.50 5.34** 18.45*
Brinjal
(IPM
practice)
7.25 85.64 17.15 123.64 9.90*** 38.00***
Note: *, ** and *** indicate significance at 10%, 5%, and 1% level, respectively (t-test is used).
3.4.9 Impact of Carp Poly-culture
Pond number and area under fish production
After joining fisheries CIG, the farmer’s number of operational pond and area has increased
significantly. While joining CIG, a farmer had 1.72 ponds with a size of 101.87 decimals. At
present a CIG farmer has 2.48 ponds. The pond area for them is 194.47 decimals. Compared
to the control farmers, the CIG farmers have notable better status in terms of pond number
and area. The CIG farmer’s pond area is more than three times higher than the control
farmers (Table 3.22).
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Table 3.22: No of pond and area under fish production
No of pond and area CIG farmers Control farmers
While joining CIG Present (2013)
No of ponds 1.72 2.48┼┼┼ 1.27
Pond area (decimal) 101.87 194.47┼┼┼ 46.73** Note: *, ** and *** indicate mean differences between the CIG and control farmer’s present situation are
significant at 10%, 5%, and 1% level, respectively (t-test is used). ┼,
┼┼ and
┼┼┼ indicate mean differences in
CIG farmer’s present and earlier situation are significant at 10%, 5%, and 1% level, respectively (t-test is used).
Management practices
Pond management practice of the sample fish farmers are presented in Table 3.23. According
to the table, CIG farmers follow better management practices than the control farmers. CIG
farmer’s management practices improved after joining CIG. Among the sample CIG farmers
92% reported to make their pond completely weed free, whereas earlier only 34% did so.
This practice was followed by half of the control farmer. The proportion of farmers
destroying catfish is 88% and 45% for the CIG and control farmers, respectively. Before
joining CIG only 40% were destroying catfish. Significant differences are observed in use of
lime and fertilizer. Almost all the CIG farmers used lime (98%) and fertilizer (90%) in their
ponds, whereas less than half of the farmers were using lime (44%) and fertilizer (40%)
earlier. Proportion of lime and fertilizer users in the group of control farmers are similar to
CIG farmer’s earlier situation.
Table 3.23: Pond management practices of the fish farmers (%)
Management practices CIG farmers (n=50) Control farmers
(n=20) Before joining CIG Present (2013)
% of farmers doing different weed management practices
Completely free 34.0 92.0 50.0
Partially 62.0 8.0 5.0
Not at all 4.0 0.0 45.0
% of farmers destroying
catfish 40.0 88.0 45.0
% of farmers using lime 44.0 98.0 50.0***
% of farmers using fertilizer 40.0 90.0 40.0***
% of farmers collecting fingerlings from different sources
Government hatchery 4.0 6.0 5.0
Private hatchery 64.0 92.0 45.0
Open sources 32.0 2.0 50.0 Note: *, ** and *** indicate significance at 10%, 5%, and 1% level, respectively (
test is used).
75
Differences also exist incase of fingerlings sources. At present, private hatcheries are the
major source of CIG farmer’s fingerlings (92%). Earlier also private hatcheries were their
major source, though the proportion of farmers collecting fingerlings has increased notably.
Around 30% of the CIG farmers have shifted from open sources to private hatcheries. Open
sources are still the major fingerlings supplier to the control farmers. The findings of the table
clearly show that CIG farmers follow much better management practice than the control
farmers. Before joining CIG, these farmers had similar practices to those of the control
farmers (Table 3.23).
Yield and return from carp poly-culture
The CIG farmers has much higher per hectare production and return from their ponds than
the control farmers. The CIG farmer’s productivity has increased by more than 80% after
joining CIG and the change is significant. Gross return from each hectare for the CIG farmers
is 457674 tk, which is 30% higher than their counterparts (Table 3.24).
Table 3.24: Yield and return from carp poly-culture
Types of farmers Yield (kg/ha) Gross return (’000
tk/ha) Before joining CIG Present (2013)
CIG farmers 3055 5567*** 457674
Control farmers 5457 346356 Note: *** indicates mean difference between the CIG farmer’s present and earlier production is significant at
1% level (t-test is used).
Carp poly-culture technology dissemination by the CIG farmers
Among the sample fisheries CIG farmers, 84% reported that other farmers become interested
about the technology by visiting their production unit. On an average around 8 adopted the
technology from each CIG farmer (Table 3.25).
Table 3.25: Carp poly-culture technology dissemination by the CIG farmers
Technology No of CIG farmers reporting
other farmers to adopt
Average number of adopters
Carp poly-culture 42 (84.00) 7.57 Note: Figures in parentheses are percentage of total farmers practicing carp poly-culture technology.
76
3.4.10 Impact of Dairy Cow Farming and Beef Fattening
Number and average value of cows
Several interesting phenomenon can be observed from the Table 3.26. After joining CIG,
number of both local and cross breed dairy cows has decreased. Decrease is more incase of
local breed. Average value of local breed has also decreased, but average value of cross breed
cows has increased by almost 50% than earlier. Such differences indicate that though the CIG
farmers are rearing fewer number of cows than earlier, they are more concentrated with high
value cross breed. Differences in CIG and control farmer’s practices are supportive to this
argument. Compared to the control farmers the CIG farmers have fewer number of local
breed which are relatively cheap. But the situation is opposite for of cross breed.
Table 3.26: No and value of dairy cows
Before joining CIG Present (2013)
Local breed Crossbreed Local breed Cross breed
No Value
(tk/cow) No
Value
(tk/cow) No
Value
(tk/cow) No
Value
(tk/cow)
CIG 2.10 30984 2.20 49300 1.08 23917 1.78 73870
Control farmers 1.43 30667 1.63 70476
Compared to the control farmers, the CIG farmers have more number of both local and cross
breed cows for beef fattening. After joining CIG, numbers of both breeds have increased for
the CIG farmers. Average value of cows has also increased for the CIG farmers than before
(Table 3.27).
Table 3.27: No and value of cows for beef fattening
Farmers
category
Before joining CIG Present (2013)
Local breed Cross breed Local breed Cross breed
No Value
(tk/head) No
Value
(tk/head) No
Value
(tk/head) No
Value
(tk/head)
CIG 2.00 18750 1.44 28278 2.25 17000 4.87 30800
Control
farmers 1.75 30750 2.57 35286
77
Lactation period
Rearing of improved breed and better management practices have resulted in higher lactation
period for the livestock CIG farmers. Increase in lactation period is more incase of cross
breed. In case of cross breed lactation period has increased by almost 30% than earlier,
whereas the increase is around 6% for the local breed. Compared to the control farmers, the
CIG farmers have around 30% and 11% more lactation period for local and cross breed,
respectively (Table 3.28).
Table 3.28: Average lactation period (days)
Breed CIG farmers Control farmers
Earlier Present
Local breed 152.76 162.25 125.34
Cross breed 138.50 179.19 161.63
Milk production
As like average lactation period, the CIG farmer’s milk productivity is also higher than the
control farmers. The average milk productivity for the CIG farmer’s local breed is 2.95
liter/cow/day and this is around 24% higher than what the control farmer’s production. Milk
productivity for cross breed is 8.50 liter/cow/day and 7.59 liter/cow/day for the CIG and
control farmers, respectively (Table 3.29).
Table 3.29: Milk production (liter/cow/day)
Breed CIG farmers Control farmers
Local breed 2.95 2.38
Cross breed 8.50 7.59
Dairy cow farming and beef fattening technology dissemination
Among the CIG farmers doing dairy cow farming and beef fattening, 82.35% and 50%
reported that other farmers adopted the technology from them. Average number of adopters
for the dairy cow rearing and beef fattening are 3.92 and 9.71, respectively (Table 3.30).
78
Table 3.30: Dairy cow farming and beef fattening technology dissemination by the CIG
farmers
Crop/technology No of CIG farmers reporting
other farmers to adopt
Average number of adopters
Dairy cow farming 28 (82.35) 3.92
Beef fattening 14 (50.00) 9.71 Note: Figures in parentheses are percentage of total farmers practicing that technology.
3.5 Annual Expenditure Pattern for the CIG and Control Farmers
Table 3.31 presents annual expenditure pattern for the sample households. Among the CIG
farmers, the fisheries CIG farmers have highest annual expenditure (356 thousand tk)
followed by the crop CIG farmers (284 thousand tk) and livestock CIG farmers (232
thousand tk). Annual average expenditure for all the three categories of CIG farmers is higher
than their counterparts who were not members of CIG. Highest difference is observed
between crop CIG and control farmers. The crop CIG farmers have around 28% higher
annual expenditure than the control farmers. Food expenditure is the major cost component
for all the groups, constituting at least one third of the total annual expenses (Table 3.30).
Table 3.31: Annual expenditure pattern for the crop CIG and control farmers (’000 tk.)
Expenditure
items
Crop farmers Livestock farmers Fish farmers
CIG
farmers
Control
farmers CIG farmers
Control
farmers
CIG
farmers
Control
farmers
Food 135 (47.5) 108 (48.6) 126 (54.1) 115 (58.7) 143 (40.2) 112 (35.6)*
Education 19 (6.7) 23 (10.4) 28 (12.0) 15 (7.7) 28 (7.9) 42 (13.3)
Health 10 (3.5) 10 (4.5) 10 (4.3) 6 (3.1)*** 11 (3.1) 8 (2.5)
Clothing 14 (4.9) 14 (6.3) 15 (6.4) 11 (5.6) 18 (5.1) 15 (4.8)
Festival 12 (4.2) 8 (3.6)** 13 (5.6) 9 (4.6) 18 (5.1) 18 (5.7)
Other 94 (33.1) 59 (26.6)** 40.9 (17.6) 40 (20.4) 138 (38.8) 120 (38.1)
Total 284 (100.0) 222 (100.0)*** 232.9 (100.0) 196 (100.0) 356 (100.0) 315 (100.0) Note: Figures is parentheses are percentage of total cost. *, ** and *** indicate significance at 10%, 5%, and
1% level, respectively (T-test is used).
One may note here that the previous PCU (NATP) survey came up with much lower
expenditure figures for the CIG and the control group part of which may perhaps be
explained by the inflation and part probably due to productivity and hence income increases.
The pattern of distribution however remains roughly the same as broadly half of the
expenditures were due to food expenses.
79
3.6 Supply Chain Development Component
Supply Chain Development Component (SCDC) is being implemented by the Hortex
Foundation. The main focus of this component was to integrate small and marginal producers
of high value commodities (crops/horticulture, fisheries and livestock) with the market
through supply chain development. Out of 120 upazilas under NATP, SCDC covers 20
upazilas (one upazila in one district).The project sites and beneficiaries (CIG members) were
selected in collaboration with the 3 extension agencies (DAE, DLS & DOF).Small and
marginal farmers were selected for high value commodity production and marketing. Some
“Commodity Collection and Marketing Centers (CCMC)” were established.
Hortex Foundation signed Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with two commodity
trading companies to support farmers-market linkages and marketing the products. Thirteen
demonstrations on new post-harvest technologies like, washing, grading, packing (plastic
crates), etc. were established for assessment of post-harvest loss that benefiting CIG members
by reducing post-harvest loss. SCDC assisted four entrepreneurs to come under
agency/retailers contract with the supplier company for sex-pheromone and establishment of
carp hatchery for genetically pure seed production and fish feed mill for quality feed
production. More than 60 training courses, seminars and workshops on improved production
and post-harvest technology and management practices were organized involving over 6000
participants during the period.
The Supply Chain Development Component (SCDC) as one of the components of this project
is implemented by Hortex Foundation since October 2008. It covers 20 upazilas namely
Comilla Sadar, Chandina, Savar, Bogra Sadar, Shibgonj, Mirsarai, Belabo, Shibpur, Jessore
Sadar, Jhikorgacha, Parbotipur, Sreemongal, Delduar, Kapasia, Kaliakoir, Birgonj, Pirgonj,
Boraigram, Singra, Trishal, under thirteen districts. The development objectives of this
component are to integrated small and marginal farmers agro business enterprise into modern
supply chain by promoting more equitable change governance and market linkages of high
value agro commodities such as fruits, vegetables, flowers, milk, meat and fish. The project
works through Common Interest Group (CIG) in 20 Upazilas and each group compromises of
20 farmers. This component works in close co-operation with the Department of Agriculture
Extension (DAE), Department of Livestock Services (DLS) and Department of Fisheries
(DOF) under the Project Co-ordination Unit (PCU). Major activities of the component
include (a). Increase productivity of targeted commodities, (b) Improvement of post-harvest
80
management to reduce loss, (c) Strengthening farmer market linkage, (d) Knowledge
management of the difference stock holders, (e) Promotion of contract/ group farming, and
(f) Development of entrepreneurs.
Though officially the SCDC component started its activities on 25 March 2008, but actually
activities had been started from October 2008 after joining of the experts and release of fund
from IDA in August 2008.
The Team selected 4 upazilas at random (Jhikergacha, Delduar, Belabo and Pirganj) had been
under 20 upazilas for supply chain improvement. The team conducted Key Informant
Interview (KIIs) with farmers involved in the process.
By conducting interviews with CIG farmers and service providers, the team observed that
SCDC organized trainings, seminars and workshops, exposure visit focusing improved
production, postharvest technology and market management. SCDC assisted CIG farmers for
marketing products through CCMCs .Hortex also organized training on pre-cooling, sorting,
grading, washing, disinfecting, peeling, slicing, postharvest treatment, packaging and
transportation.
The team identified program for beef fattening in Pirganj, beef fattening, brinjal, lemon and
papaya in Belabo, beef fattening and lemon in Delduar and flowers in Jhikorgacha
upazilas.Some technology has been developed by SCDC experts and introduced in those
upazilas. SCDC provided training to chain partners, conducted demonstrations to reduce
postharvest losses. Different demonstrations were conducted in farmers' field on post harvest
technologies. To collect the agricultural produces in common place and to attract the city
bound agricultural commodity traders for coming to buy the CIG commodities, SCDC
assisted establishment of CCMCs and SCDC made linkage for marketing CIG commodities
to big cities. Major findings/observations have been summarized as follows:
Supply chain supports to improve livelihoods of the beneficiaries
The sustainability of the progress and impact that Hortex made will be ensured with
adequate funding
Producer organizations are not functioning everywhere
CCMC services are not available for all the CIG members in an upazila.
CCMC, farmers and traders linked with each other has been developed
81
Recommendations
More CCMC is needed to provide production and marketing facilities
Hortex can organize seminars/consultation meetings involving producers
organizations and entrepreneurs to develop a better linkage with CCMCs
Regular farmers’ trainings are needed
3.7 Conclusions and Recommendations
On the whole the analysis shows that the NATP’s process of farmers’ group formation, its
functioning and technology dissemination process may have worked quite well. Participants’
feedbacks about different NATP activities are encouraging. But some of the programmes and
activities of NATP are found to be more concentrated with the CIG farmers. Efforts are
required for increasing participation in programmes like fair and exhibition. Here it is
noteworthy to mention that technology distribution is found to be more successful with
farmers who participate in different NATP programmes. Hence initiative should be taken to
increase frequency and coverage of different NATP activities.
NATP has resulted in higher productivity as most farmers adopted better farming technology.
The NATP technology recipient farmers produce more and earn higher profit compared to the
control farmers. The final outcome could be in terms of higher expenditure capacity although
the food still accounts for half of the total.
From what has been discussed and analysed here, NATP can be considered a good case for
replication all over the country, although the exact element of a particular technology may
vary from place to place.
There are certain concerns regarding the lack of funds for additional works that the SAAOs
carry out under NATP. This is a very time-intensive project and activities under say FIAC
while these need to be further extended can not be done well with the limited allocations for
incidentals that are provided. The real issue is to make NATP experiences and output and
outcome sustainable when the project ends. It is towards that the NATP may need to be fine-
tuned.
82
CHAPTER 4
PROCUREMENT
The Project has seven Implementing Units: (i) Project Coordination Unit (PCU), Ministry of
Agriculture, (MOA) (ii) Project Implementation Unit (PIU), Bangladesh Agricultural
Research Council (BARC), (iii) Project Implementation Unit (PIU), Department of
Agriculture Extension (DAE), (iv) Project Implementation Unit (PIU), Department of
Fisheries (DOF), (v) Project Implementation Unit (PIU), Department of Livestock Services
(DLS) (vi) Krishi Gobeshona Foundation (KGF) and (vii) Hortex Foundation (Hortex).
4.1 Procurement Management (2008-2009)
National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP): Phase-1 had RADP allocation of BDT
234976 thousand for the financial year 2008-09 for procurement of goods, repair &
renovation works and services (Table 4.1). PIU- DAE had the highest allocation of BDT
65416 thousand followed by PIU- BARC BDT 47040 thousand. The Implementing Agencies
(IAs) prepared annual procurement plans which had no objection from the World Bank (WB)
and approved by the relevant HOPE. The procurement activities were also included in the
annual work plan which was approved by the Project Steering Committee (PSC).
In total, NATP had 198 packages (for goods 93 pkgs., works 5 pkgs. and services 100 pkgs.).
The number of packages of individual IAs has been shown in Table 6.2. The procurement of
one cross country vehicle for each of PIU-DAE, PIU-DLS, PIU-DOF and KGF, one
microbus for KGF and one car for PIU-BARC was completed. The extension components
procured motorcycles (PIU-DAE 95 nos., PIU-DLS 99 nos. & PIU-DOF 95 nos.), bicycles
(PIU-DOF 950 nos.) and computers (PIU-DAE 95 nos., PIU-DLS 87 nos. and PIU-DOF 95
nos.) for upazilas, districts and head quarters. PIU- BARC procured 28 computers for 11
NARS institutes and for PIU office at BARC. Computer and office furniture were also
procured by other components for the use at their offices. Besides, photocopy machines, fax
machine, IPS, multimedia & speakers (PA systems) and air coolers etc have also been
procured by extension components as well as by other components for their office uses.
In terms of expenditure, PIU-DAE could utilize BDT 65342 thousand out of BDT 65416
thousand from their RADP (99.89%). PIU-DLS and PIU-DOF could spend BDT 21454
thousand (86%) and BDT 26946 thousand (77%) from their available fund in RADP BDT
83
24840 thousand and BDT 34900 thousand, respectively (Table 4.1). Fund utilization by other
components was also satisfactory. In total, NATP: Phase-1 could utilize BDT 144939
thousand (62%) out of RADP fund BDT 234976 thousand (Table 4.1).
Table 4.1: RADP allocation and achievement for procurement, 2008-2009
Implementing
agencies
PIU-
DAE
PIU-
DLS
PIU-
DOF
PIU-
BARC
KGF Hortex PCU Total
NATP
RADP allocation
Goods
GOB 3100 1725 2400 1999 1000 400 1200 11824
RPA 52300 22600 284.00 29701 15900 11600 12200 172701
Total 55400 24325 30800 31700 16900 12000 13400 184525
Works
GOB 308 15 624 030 15 72 1064
RPA 1875 500 400 7476 970 485 800 12506
Total 2183 515 400 8100 1000 500 872 13570
Services
GOB 372 200 167 273 150 85 1247
RPA 7461 3500 7073 9100 5000 3500 35634
Total 7833 3700 7240 9373 5150 3585 36881
Grand total 65416 24840 34900 47040 27273 17650 17857 234976
Expenditure
Goods
GOB 3100 1378 1880 5690 700 016 12764
RPA 52298 19468 24304 156 12600 523 109349
Total 55398 20846 26184 5846 13300 539 122113
Achievement (%) 100.00 85.70 85.01 18.44 78.70 4.49 66.18
Works
GOB 308 13 55 1 3 380
RPA 1870 500 805 120 84 3379
Total 2178 513 860 121 087 3759
Achievement (%) 99.77 99.61 10.62 12.10 1.69 27.70
Services
GOB 371 17 107 44 95 14 648
RPA 7395 95 745 5018 1428 3072 666 18419
Total 7766 95 762 5125 1472 3167 680 19017
Achievement (%) 99.14 20.59 70.79 15.70 61.50 18.97 51.70
Grand total 65342 21454 26946 11831 14893 3793 680 144939
Grand achievement
(%) 99.89 86.37 77.21 25.15 54.61 21.49 3.81 61.68
PIU- DAE had 100% success in completion of procurement of goods, works and services
followed by Krishi Gobeshona Founadation (KGF) which could complete procurement of
80% of packages including 100% success in goods procurement and 67% success in hiring
84
services (Table 4.2). They did not have any package for works. PIU-DLS also had 100%
success in completion of goods procurement. The overall progress of procurement of all
components was 51%.
PCU could not make procurement as it did not have man power neither at expert level nor at
staff level. Project Director joined on 15 January 2009 and was running the official work
alone. He made good progress in recruiting experts and procurement of some goods although
the process could not be completed in FY 2008-2009. The process of recruiting 3 experts and
2 assistant experts were near completion and waiting for signing of contract agreement.
During the fiscal year 2008-2009, implementing agencies did not have adequate man power
from the project and GOB. Though fund was released first time in September, 2008, still the
progress of procurement was satisfactory.
Table 4.2: Target and achievement of procurement by different components of NATP 2008-2009
Implementing agencies
Goods Works Services Total NATP
Target Achie
veme
nt
(%) Targe
t
Achiv
ement
(%) Target Achie
vemen
t
(%) Target hiAchiv
ement
(%)
PIU-DAE
16 16 100 1 1 100 8 8 100 25 25 100
PIU-DLS
11 11 100 8 2 25 19 13 68
PIU-DOF
13 8 62 6 3 50 19 11 58
PIU-BARC
12 9 75 3 3 100 18 7 39 33 19 58
KGF 10 10 100 15 10 67 25 20 80
Hortex 19 1 5 1 0 17 5 29 37 6 16
PCU 12 0 28 7 25 40 7 18
Total
NATP
93 55 59 5 4 80 100 42 42 198 101 51
4.2 Procurement Management (2009-2010)
The project had RADP allocation of Tk. 3476.87 lakh for FY2009-2010 for procurement of
goods, works and services (Table 4.4). The Implementing Units (IUs) of the project prepared
annual procurement plans for their procurement. The World Bank after reviewing gave 'no
objection' to those plans and the respective Head of Procuring Entity (HOPE) of IUs
approved the plan. The Project Management Committee (PMC) oversaw and the Project
Steering Committee (PSC) finally approved those. Unit-wise RADP allocation and
achievements are briefly described bleow.
85
For procurement, the project had 88 packages for goods, 19 packages for ks and 60 packages
for services for all NATP units. The IUs completed the procurement of 77 packages of goods
(88%), 19 packages of works (100%) and 38 packages of services (63%). Altogether,
procurement of 134 packages (80%) was completed against the target of 167 packages. For
all these procurement Tk 1927.55 lakh (55%) was spent out of the RADP allocation of Tk.
3462.77 lakh (Table 4.3). Major saving in procurement was because of price of actual
procurement was less than the estimated cost, and also the CDVAT allocated for Cross
Country Vehicle of PCU procurement could not be spent as this vehicle procurement was
rescheduled for next financial year.
Table 4.3 RADP allocation, target and achievement of procurement in 2009-2010
No Implementing Units Target of
Procureme
nt ( No. of
Packes)
Achivement
(No. of
Packages)
2009-10
RADP Allo
cation
Actual
Expenditu
re
(%) of
Achiveme
nt
Total Total Tk in Lac Tk in Lac (%)
1 Project Implementation
Unit (BARC)
25 14 891.37 36.32 4%
2 Project Implementation
Unit (DAE)
25 25 1232.58 1147.89 93%
3 Project Implementation
Unit (DOF)
20 20 216.00 202.04 94%
4 Project Implementation
Unit (DLS)
27 14 537.90 117.98 22%
5 Krishi Gobeshona
Foundation (KGF)
7 6 99.00 60.36 61%
6 Hortex Foundation 27 26 238.14 149.22 63%
7 Project Cordination
Unit (PCU)
41 34 247.78 187.78 76%
Total NATP 172 139 3462.77 1901.59 55%
86
Table 4.4 Target and achievement of procurement (packages), 2009-2010
Good
s
Works Services Total
Name of
Agencies
Tar- Achiev
e ment
3/2*10
0
Tar Achiev
e ment
(%)
6/5*
100
Tar Achiev
e ment
(%)
9/8*
100
Tar Achiev
e ment
(%)
12/11
*100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
PIU-DAE 7 7 100% 16 16 100
%
2 2 100
%
25 25 100%
PIU-DLS 18 10 56% 0 0 9 4 44% 27 14 52%
PIU-DOF 16 16 100% 0 0 4 4 100
%
20 20 100%
PIU-
BARC
12 10 83% 1 1 100
%
12 3 25% 25 14 56%
KGF 4 4 100% 0 0 3 2 67% 7 6 86%
Hortex 21 21 100% 1 1 100
%
5 4 80% 27 26 96%
PCU 15 14 93% 1 1 100
%
25 19 76% 41 34 83%
4.3 Procurement Management (2010-2011)
Progress of Procurement of PCU
In the annual procurement plan of 2010-2011, there were 9 packages for goods, one package
for works and 11 packages for services. Procurement of 8 packages of goods (89%), one
package of works (100%) and 7 packages of services (64%) were completed. Procurement of
equipment and software for ICT & MIS, was on progress. Overall achievement of
procurement was 76%.
Goods procured in the FY 2010-11 were one cross country vehicle, one TV, 2 digital
cameras, 3 packages of stationeries, one package of printing materials, hiring of 2 firms and 5
individual consultants.
Progress of Procurement of All Implementing Units (2010-2011)
The project had allocation of Tk 1124 lac in RADP for financial year 2010-2011 for
procurement of goods, works and services. Tk 619 lac was spent out of allocated fund Tk
1124 lac. The expenditure was 55% of the RADP allocation. Major saving of procurement
was because of actual procurement price was less than the estimated cost.
The Implementing Units (IUs) of the project prepared annual procurement plans for their
procurement having 60 packages for goods, 9 packages for works and 38 packages of
services (Table 4.5). IUs completed the procurement of 55 packages of goods (92%), 8
87
packages of works (89%%) and 25 packages of services (66%). In total, out of 107 packages
of procurement 87 packages (88%) of procurement was completed (Table 4.5).
PIU- DAE, PIU-DOF, and KGF completed procurement of all packages (100%). PCU
completed procurement of 16 packages out of 21 packages (76%), PIU-DLS completed 11
packages out of 15 packages (73%), Hortex Foundation completed 11 packages out of 12
packages (92%) and PIU-BARC completed 15 packages out of 24 packages (62%) (Table
4.5).
PIU-DAE utilized the highest amount of RADP fund (98%) for procurement followed by
PIU-DOF (82%) and PCU (81%). Utilization of RADP fund for procurement of PIU- BARC
was the lowest (29%). The overall progress of procurement was satisfactory (55%) for NATP
(Table 4.6).
Table 4.5 Target and Achievement of Procurement 2010-11 (No.Packages)
Goods Works Service
s
Total
Imolementing Agencies/Unitsg
Target Achiev
ement
(%) 3/2*10
0
Targe
t
Achieve
ment
6/5*100 Target Achieve
ment
9/8*
100
Target Achiev
ement
12/11
*100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
PIU-DAE 50.37 50.37 100% 57.67 54.73 95% 45.79 45.76 100
%
153.83 150.86 98%
PIU-DLS 434.35 211.80 49% 82.70 25.00 30% 517.05 236.80 46%
PIU-DOF 16.00 11.88 74% 38.00 32.63 86% 54.00 44.51 82%
PIU-
BARC
74.49 25.50 34% 45 0 0% 80 31.86 40% 199.49 57.36 29%
KGF 9 4.30 48% - - - 4.00 3.43 80% 13.00 7.73 59%
Hortex 19.41 19.10 98% 2.00 1.84 92% 62.18 17.86 29% 83.59 38.80 46%
PCU 58.00 58.00 100% 5.50 4.88 89% 40.00 20.77 52% 104 84 81%
Total
NATP
661.62 380.95 58% 110.17 61.45 56% 352.67 177.31 50% 1124 619.71 55%
88
Table 4.6 Financial Target and Achievement of Procurement 2010-11 (Taka in
Lakh) Imolementing
Agencies
Ta
rget
Ach
iev
emen
t
(%)
3/2
*10
0
Ta
rget
Ach
iev
emen
t
6/5
*1
00
Ta
rget
Ach
iev
emen
t
9/8
*1
00
Ta
rget
Ach
iev
emen
t
12
/11
*1
00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
PIU-DAE 6 6 100% 6 6 100% 8 8 100% 20 20 100%
PIU-DLS 10 9 90% 5 2 40% 15 11 73%
PIU-DOF 11 11 100% 11 11 100
PIU-BARC 14 11 78% 1 0 0% 9 4 4% 24 15 63%
KGF 3 3 100% 1 1 100% 4 4 100%
Hortex 7 7 100% 1 1 100 4 3 75% 12 11 92%
PCU 9 8 89% 1 1 100% 11 7 64%% 21 16 76%
Total NATP 60 55 9% 9 8 89% 38 25 66% 107 88 88%
4.4 Procurement Management (2011-2012)
NATP had 59 packages for procurement in the financial year 2011-2012 (Table: 4.7). There
were 43 packages for goods, 14 packages for services and 2 packages for works. Out of these
packages, procurement of 41 packages of goods (95%), 12 packages of services (86%) and
one package of works (50%) was completed. ADP allocation was Tk 1363.64 lakh for
procurement. There were Tk 1163.41 lakh for procurement of goods, Tk 200.45 lakh for
services and Tk 7.00 lakh for works. The major allocation, US$ 707,645.00 and Tk
1,74,98,891.00 was for procurement of ICT and MIS equipment. The equipment procurement
was completed and was distributed to BARC and 7 NARS institutes (BARÍ, BRRI, BJRI,
BSRI, SRDI, BLRI and BFRI). Those are functioning normally.
Table 4.7: Target and achievement of procurement
Implementing Units Target Achievement Achievement (%)
PCU 13 (947.39) 13 (553.50) 100% (58%)
PIU-BARC 16 (221.00) 12 55.20) 75% (25%)
PIU-DAE 5 (15.87) 5 (15.87) 100% (100%)
PIU-DOF 5 (17.30) 5 (17.09) 100% (99%)
PIU-DLS 6 (170.89) 5 (88.56) 83% (52%)
KGF 2 (12.00) 2 (6.70) 100% (56%)
Hortex 12 (37.91) 12 (24.75) 100% (65%)
Total NATP 59 (1363.86) 54 (756.68) 93% (55%) Note: Figures in the parentheses are ADP allocation in lakh.
89
Although physical progress of procurement (93%) was satisfactory the financial progress
(55%) was not up to the expectation (Table 4.7 ). Delay in submission of bill for ICT and
MIS equipment by supplier and requirement of long time to complete procedure for hiring
firm and tender value being less than estimated value were reasons for less expenditure than
allocated ADP fund.
The implementing units PCU, PIU-DAE, PIU-DOF and Hortex had 100% achievement in
goods procurement, PCU and KGF had 100% achievement in service procurement and KGF
had 100% achievement in works procurement. The financial progress (more than 90%) of
PIU-BARC, PIU-DAE and PIU-DOF for goods procurement was also satisfactory. The
financial achievement of PIU-BARC was low as it could not hire its 2 targeted firms and
could not complete civil works for one targeted package.
The financial targets increasingly met-62 % in 2008-09, 83% in 2009-10; 88% in 2010-11
and 93% in 2011-12.
In case of BARC, There is a financing agreement between GoB and IDA regarding the
BARC act. As amendment of BARC Act is a prerequisite for SPGR funding by the World
Bank. Once the amendment of BARC Act is approved and its forms and substance are
accepted by the World Bank, proposals will be processed for final approval and funding For
BARC, No withdrawal shall be made for payments made prior to the date of agreement
(Dated February 28, 2008) and unless the Receipient’s Cabinet has approved the amendment
of the BARC Act(which was approved on March 8, 2012), in form and substance acceptable
to the Association and the closing date is December 31,2013.
4.5 Procurement Management (2012-2013)
Project Coordination Unit (PCU) had 15 packages for goods, 7 packages of services and one
package of works for procurement in the FY 2012-2013 (Table 4.8). PCU completed
procurement of 15 packages of goods (100% achievement), 6 packages of services (86%
achievement) and one package of works (100% achievement) within June, 2013. The
estimated cost was Tk 265 lakh for goods procurement, Tk 125 lakh for services and Tk 5.97
for works for PCU (Table). The actual expenditure was Tk 213.30 lakh (81%) for goods, Tk
67.68 lakh (54%) for services and Tk 5.02 lakh (84%) for works. Actual cost was lower than
estimated cost for goods and works as bid value was lower than the estimated cost. The lower
90
expenditure than the estimated cost for services was because the expert could not be hired
within scheduled time.
Table 4.8: Summary of progress of procurement of PCU for 2012-2013
Description Target
Contra
ct
signed
Goods
received/
Experts
joined
Expenditure Achievement
(%)
No.of
Packages
Taka in
Lakh
No.of
Packag
es
No.of
Packages
Taka in Lakh Physica
l
Financial
Goods
15 265 15 15 213.30 100 81
Services
7 125 6 6 67.68 86 54
Works
1 5.97 1 1 5.02 100 84
Total 23 395.97 22 22 286.03 96 72
4.5.1 Progress of Procurement of Implementing Units (IUs)
Implementing Units (IUs) including PCU had 112 packages for procurement for the FY
2012-2013 of which 74 packages were for goods, 12 packages for works and 26 packages for
services. PIUDAE, PIU-DOF, PIU-DLS, KGF and Hortex completed procurement of all of
their 50 packages (100% achievement) scheduled to be procured in the FY 2012-2013 (Table
5.20). PCU completed procurement of 22 packages out of 23 packages (96% achievement).
PIU-BARC had 39 packages for procurement in the annual procurement plan for FY 2012-
2013 of which bids have been invited for 30 packages (80% achievement) and procurement
was completed for 13 packages (33% achievement) (Table 4.9 ).The unit is taking extra
efforts for speeding up their process of procurement
91
Table 4.9: Physical progress of procurement of 7 implementing units for FY 2012-2013
(No. of Packages)
NATP had allocation of Tk 7082 lakh for procurement of which Tk 5343 lakh was for goods,
Tk 1074 lakh for works and Tk 665 lakh for services (Table). Financial achievement for
procurement was 100% for DOF, 94% for PCU and 93% for DLS. KGF and Hortex had 72%
and 51% respectively financial achievement in procurement. Total NATP had 40% financial
achievement for procurement which was low. PIU-BARC had Tk.2919 lakh allocation for
procurement out of which it could spend only Tk 269 lakh ((9% achievement) and PIU-DAE
had allocation of Tk 2846 lakh out of which it could spend only TK 1467 lakh (52%
achievement). Low financial achievement of PIU-BARC and PIU-DAE was the reason for
low financial achievement of NATP
Table 4.10: Financial progress of procurement of implementing units for FY 2012-2013
(Taka in Lakh)
Name of
implementing
agencies
Target Notification for Awards Achievement
(%) Goods Works
Services
Total Goods Works
Services
Total
PCU 15 1 7 23 15 1 6 22 96 PIU-BARC 26 5 8 39 10 1 2 13 33 PIU-DAE 9 3 4 16 9 3 4 16 100 PIU-DOF 2 1 3 2 1 3 100 PIU-DLS 8 3 11 8 3 11 100 KGF 4 4 4 4 100 Hortex 10 3 3 16 10 3 3 16 100
Total 74 12 26 112 58 8 19 85 76
Name of
implementing
agencies
Target Expenditure Achievement
(%) Goods Works
Services
Total Goods Works
Services
Total
PCU 265 6 125 396 300 5 68 373 94(%)
PIU-BARC 2126 444 349 2919 241 20 8 269 9(%)
PIU-DAE 2210 539 97 2846 1421 25 21 1467 52(%)
PIU-DOF 2 55 57 2 55 57 100(%)
PIU-DLS 517 15 532 480 15 495 93(%)
KGF 14 14 10 10 72(%)
Hortex 209 85 24 318 89 49 24 162 51(%)
Total 5343 1074 665 7082 2543 99 191 2833 40(%)
92
4.5.2 Progress in MIS (Management Information System) Development
The two members of Procurement Core Team (PCT)- Independent Technical Expert (ITE)
and Independent Procurement Expert (IPE), MIS consultant of PCU and the Director of
Computer and GIS of BARC are closely working in development of MIS at BARC and
NARS institute. A MIS consulting firm named Joined venture of TechnoVista Ltd and
Southtech Ltd has been hired for developing 9 modules at BARC and 7 NARS institutes
(BARI, BRRI, BJRI, BSRI, SRDI, BLRI and BFRI). PCT is closely supervising and
overseeing the progress of development of MIS work along with the MIS consultant of PCU.
BARC and 7 NARS institutes received ICT and MIS equipment. The equipment has been
distributed according to the need of MIS development. In few cases those have been
distributed as per need of the institute without hampering MIS activities. The firm has started
developing modules of MIS and it is expected that the work to be completed by November,
2013. Equipment for ICT and MIS were distributed to BARC and 6 NARS institutes (BARI,
BRRI, BJRI, SRDI, BLRI and BFRI). BARC and Institutes are using those equipments.
4.5.3 Activities of Procurement Core Team (PCT)
Procurement Core Team met in 2 meetings during the year 2012-13. It submitted 5th and 6th
reports to the World Bank (WB) and Chairman of Project Steering Committee (PSC). It
visited 7 Implementing Units (IUs) of NATP and 20 SPGR sub-projects at BRRI and BARI
two times. It was observed that IUs and Sub-Projects were doing procurement following PPR
2008 and WB guidelines. In few cases it was observed that there were some deviations in
following PPR 2008 and WB guidelines. IUs and Sub-Projects were pointed out those
deviations and advised not to make such deviations again. As a frequent visit of PCT to IUs
and Sub-Projects it seemed that a very few mistakes were made by IUs and subprojects
during procurement.
Independent Technical Expert (ITE) and Independent Procurement Expert (IPE) procured 15
packages of goods (100% achievement), 6 packages of services (86% achievement) and one
package of works (100% achievement) for PCU. Procurement of PCU was one of the major
functions of ITE and IPE as members of PCT.
93
Two members of PCT: Independent Technical Expert (ITE) and Independent Procurement
Expert (IPE) procured ICT and MIS equipment for PCU and distributed to BARC and 7
NARS institutes (BARI, BRRI, BJRI, BSRI, SRDI, BLRI and BFRI) under the guidance of
Project Director of PCU. A MIS consulting firm named joined venture of Techno Vista Ltd
and Southtech Ltd. has been hired for developing 9 modules one each for BARC and 7
NARS institutes. ITE and IPE were involved throughout the process of procurement of the
firm. They were also closely involved in supervision and overseeing the development of 9
modules of MIS and data entry for MIS at BARC and NARS institutes along with MIS
consultant of PCU and Director, Computer and GIS Unit of BARC.
4.6 Present Status of Procurement (as on June 2014)
As the procurement is dynamic (running) process, not static, rest of achievement will be
fulfilled within a short time.
Table 4.11: Present Status of Procurement
Implemen
tation
Units
Target of Procurement Achievement of Procurement (%)
Achievem
ent Goods Work
s
Services Total Goods Works Services Total
PCU 47 4 39 90 47 4 37 88 98 %
PIU-
BARC
80 15 23 118 80 15 19 114 96.61 %
PIU-DAE 52 15 18 85 52 15 18 85 100 %
PIU-DLS 42 8 16 66 42 8 16 66 100 %
(PIU-DOF 42 0 8 50 42 0 8 50 100 %
KGF 22 1 16 39 22 1 16 39 100 %
Hortex 57 7 40 104 57 7 40 104 100 %
The evaluation team checked package files and examined at random basis sample
procurements of different implementing units of NATP. On paper, there seems to adherence
to guideline from development partner as evident from World Bank’s no objection letters as
well as to Govt. Guidelines (PPR08/development partner's procurement guidelines).
94
CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 The Evaluation Process
The IMED has entrusted the evaluation of NATP Phase 1 to the BIDS. The ToR includes 11
objectives for detailed evaluation. Part of the ToR relates to the process of the project
including procurement, part on processes in the field (technology generation, CIG formation
etc) and the rest on output (such as productivity increases) and outcomes (better income and
expenditure capacity). Part of the methodology thus related to examination and analysis of
secondary data to be obtained from various institutions involved in project implementation.
The rest of the methodology involved generation data from the field based on quantitative
and qualitative methods. A sample of 300 CIG and 150 control farmers were chosen for the
purpose and an extensive questionnaire was used for the survey. In addition, first hand
qualitative data were generated using FGDs among farmers, extensive consultation with
officials both in the field and the headquarters of the organisations involved.
An Inception Report was submitted and later revised based on comments received. The
present report is following the revised Inception Report that had been approved earlier by the
IMED.
5.2 Findings and Recommendations
5.2.1 SPGR and KGF-based research
From the detailed analysis of SPGR and KGF-based research (see Chapter 2), one can
conclude that the research effort had been quite successful as they go, with better
achievements in some fields compared to others. However, it appears that most studies have
had limited goals and their general applicability in terms of technology developed remain to
be further investigated. Secondly, the difference in the two strands of research is not always
obvious. SPGR should have broad based goals while KGF-sponsored research may be more
focused which these generally are. A third issue that came up but not specifically probed was
the long time needed in proposal submission, verification, award, grant release seem to be
95
rather long while the actual research time may be comparably short for understanding the
sustainability of the technology developed or tested.
Based on these the team recommends the following:
Both SPGR and KGF sponsored research should be programme based for general
applicability, some progress has been made by focusing on hill and coastal ecosystem which
should be further carried forward
Because of nature of transformation from project to programme, multi-year, larger research
ideas should be developed
SPGR should concentrate more on research for broad-based applicability and may have
somewhat different perspectives than KGF’s CGP which is oriented more towards
applicability of existing technologies
The pre-award time of verification etc may be reviewed for shortening the process.
5.2.2 Procurement
There had been substantial procurement under the project made by the constituent
organisations. While one finds that goods and works have been procured, albeit with some
delays in the initial years, this has picked up well in later years. But for services there still
remains some bottlenecks for which these have lagged somewhat.
The other issue was the transparency and whether government and development partners’
guidelines for procurement were followed. Available information on these are still sketchy.
For example while one gets information on planned and actual packages procured and money
spent, there is hardly any easily available information on number of bids, their shortlisting
based on technical proposals and proposed cost. While the involved institutions do claim to
have followed the PPR 08 in this regard, there is no obvious and easy way to verify such
claims. The evaluation team checked package files and examined at random basis sample
procurements of different implementing units of NATP. On paper, there seems to adherence
to guideline from development partner as evident from World Bank’s no objection letters as
well as to Govt. guidelines
96
Based on the nature of findings on procurement, we make the following tentative
recommendations:
For monitoring purposes we suggest that the format of reporting should have information on
number of bidders, the number of short-listed bids according to technical merit ranking and
their proposed costs and the final winner of the bid as well as the value of the bid. There
should be a column stating reasons of deviation from initial proposed costs as well as reasons
if the bid ranked first has not been chosen.
5.2.3 Farm household impacts
On the whole we find that the NATP’s process of farmers group formation, its functioning
and technology dissemination process through training may have worked quite well (for
details see Chapter 3). These resulted in higher productivity as most farmers had adopted
better technology particularly in case of rice but also in case of cash food crops. The result
had been a surging of household income as for T. Aman, the rise in income per farm in T.
Aman production had been about 30%, much of it due to productivity increase. For boro, it
was nearly 40%. For other crops the rises were also noticeable. The final outcome could be
in terms of higher expenditure capacity although the food still accounts for half of the total
From what has been discussed and analysed, one sees a good case for replication of the
NATP experiences all over the country, although the exact element of a particular technology
may vary from place to place.
There are certain concerns regarding the lack of funds for additional works that the SAAOs
carry out under NATP. This is a very time-intensive project and activities under say FIAC
while these need to be further extended can not be done well with the limited allocations for
incidentals that are provided. The real issue is to make NATP experiences and output and
outcome sustainable when the project ends. It is towards that the NATP may need to be fine-
tuned.
97
REFERENCES
BBS (2010), Report of the Household Income and Expenditure Survey, Ministry of Planning,
2011
Gujarati, D. (2003) Basic Econometrics. 4th ed. New York: McGraw Hill, 638-640.
KGF ((Various Years), Progress Report, Krishi Gobeshona Foundation
Maddala, G.S. (1992) Limited Dependent and Qualitative Variables in Econometrics, New
York: Cambridge University Press.
PCU-NATP (Various Years), Annual Report, Ministry of Agriculture
PCU-NATP (2013), Impact Assessment of National Agricultural Technology Project
(NATP), Phase-1, Ministry of Agriculture
Planning Commission (2011), Sixth Five Year Plan 2011-15, Ministry of Planning
Tobin, J. (1958) Estimation of Relationships for Limited Dependent Variables, Cowles
Foundation Discussion Papers 3R, Cowles Foundation, Yale University.
98
Appendix 1: Data Collection Instruments
99
“b¨vkbvj GwMÖKvjPvivj †UK‡bvjwR cÖ‡R± (GbGwUwc)†dR -1” Gi c«fve g~j¨vqb
evsjv‡`k Dbœqb M‡elbv c«wZôvb (weAvBwWGm)
B-17, AvMviMuvI, ‡k‡i evsjv bMi, XvKv
Lvbv Rixc cÖkœgvjv
cÖhyw³:km¨ Drcv`b (K…wl m¤cÖmviY wefvM)
1. DËi`vZvi cwiwPwZ
1.1 DËi`vZvi bvg:
1.2 †gvevBj bv¤^vi:
1.3 K…l‡Ki aib: †KvW:wm AvB wR m`m¨=1,bb -wm AvB wR
m`m¨ =2
1.4 wm AvB wR †Z †hvM`v‡bi eQi:
1.5 Lvbvi †jv‡Kkb
MÖvg: Dc‡Rjv:
BDwbqb: ‡Rjv:
1.6 ag©: gymjgvb= 1, wn›`y=2, L„óvb=3, †eŠ×=4, Ab¨vb¨
(D‡jøLKiæb)=5
1.7 Lvbvi aib:GKK cwievi=1,†hŠ_ cwievi (evev-gv I weevwnZ
mšÍvb)=2, ewa©Z cwievi (GKvwaK cwievi)=3
2. Lvbvi m`m¨ m¤úwK©Z Z_¨
µwgK
bs bvg
Lvbv
cÖav‡bi
mv‡_
m¤úK©
(†KvW)
wj½
cyiæl=1,
gwnjv=2
eqm
(ermi)
wk¶vMZ
†hvM¨Zv
(†KvW)
‡ckv (†KvW)
cÖavb AcÖavb
2.1 Lvbv cÖavb
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
†KvW: Lvbv cÖav‡bi
mv‡_ m¤úK© Lvbv cÖavvb=1,¯^vgx/¯¿x=2,cyÎ/Kb¨v=3,evev/gv=4,fvB/†evb=5,cyÎeay/RvgvZvv=6,bvZx/bvZwb=7,
k¦ïi/kvïox=8, `v`v/`v`x/bvbv/bvwb=9, Ab¨vb¨=10 (D‡jøL Kiæb)
wk¶vMZ
†hvM¨Zv
(me©‡kl
†kÖYx)
wbi¶i=0, DËxY© †kªYx=01-10, GmGmwm Gi Dci =11, gv`«vmv =17,wjL‡Z I co‡Z cv‡i=20
100
‡ckv (cÖavb=
eQ‡ii
AwaKvsk mgq
e¨q K‡i)
K…lK (km¨)=1, K…wl kªwgK=2, w`bgRyi=3, grm¨Rxwe=4, Mevw` cï Drcv`b=5, grm¨Drcv`b=6 ,`ya
e¨emvqx=7, gvsm e¨emvqx=8,meRx e¨emvqx=9,†`vKvb`vi=10, e¨emvqx(Ab¨vb¨)=11,
PvKzixwRex=12,KzwUiwkí=13,`¶kªwgK (K©gKvi/gywP/KvV
wg¯¿x/B‡jKwUªwmqvb/†gKvwbK/`wR© BZ¨vw`)=14, M„neay=15, wi·v/f¨vb
PvjK=16,†bŠKvPvjK=17,AemicÖvß=18, QvÎ=19,‡eKvi=20,e„×/A¶g=21, wkï=22, Ab¨vb¨=23
3. Lvbvi Av_©-mvgvwRK Z_¨vejx
3.1. Rwgi gvwjKvbv I Rwg Pvlvev‡`i Z_¨ (cËb/jxR/eM©v MZ GK eQ‡ii wnmve, ˆekvL †_‡K
ˆPÎ 1420)
µwgK bs weeib wm AvB wR †Z †hvM`v‡bi mgq (kZvsk)
eZ©gv‡b (kZvsk)
3.1.1 emZ wfUv (wbR¯^)
3.1.2 emZ wfUv (fvov)
3.1.3 wbR¯^ Avev`/Pvl‡hvM¨
Rwg
3.1.4 D`¨vb/evMvb
3.1.5 Rjvkq(cyKzi, †Wvev,
bvjv)
3.1.6 cËb/wjR †bqv
3.1.7 cËb/wjR †`qv
3.1.8 eMv© †bqv
3.1.9 eMv© †`qv
3.1.10 fvov †bqv
3.1.11 fvov †`qv
3.1.12 eÜK †`qv
3.1.13 eÜK †bqv
3.1.14 Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøL Kiæb)
3.2. emev‡mi Z_¨
µwgK
bs weeib
wm AvB wR
†Z †hvM`v‡bi
mgq eZ©gv‡b ‡KvW
3.2.1 emev‡mi N‡ii
gvwjKvbv
wb‡Ri=1, fvov=2, Ab¨vb¨=3
3.2.2 emev‡mi N‡ii wbgv©b
KvVv‡gv
Szcox=1, No/wUb/cvKv=2,
wUb/Uvwj=3, Avav cvKv=4,
cvKv=5, Ab¨vb¨=6
3.2.3 Lvevi cvwbi Drm bjK~c=1, Kzqv=2, cyKzi=3,
b`x/Lvj=4, Ab¨vb¨ (wbw`©ó
Kiæb)=5
3.2.4 e¨eüZ cvqLvbvi aiY ‡mcwUK U¨vsK/¯j¨ve ‡jwUªb=1,
MZ© cvqLvbv=2, Szjš—
cvqLvbv=3, †Lvjv
101
RvqMv/†SvcSvo=4,Ab¨vb¨
(wbw`©ó Kiæb)=5
3.2.5 evwoi Av‡jvi Drm we`y¨r=1, nvwi‡Kb=2,
†gvgevwZ=3, †mŠiwe`yr=4,
ev‡qvM¨vm=5, Ab¨vb¨ (wbw`©ó
Kiæb)=6
3.3. m¤úwËi weeiY
µwgK
bs m¤ú`
wm AvB
wR †Z
†hvM`v‡bi
mgq(msL¨v)
eZ©gv‡b
µwgK
bs m¤ú`
wm AvB
wR †Z
†hvM`v‡bi
mgq(msL¨v)
eZ©gv‡b
msL¨v
eZ©gvb
g~j¨
(UvKv)
msL¨v
eZ©gvb
g~j¨
(UvKv)
3.3.1 ̀y‡aj Mvfx 3.3.10 A‡Uv/†ewe†Uw·
3.3.2 W«vB Mvfx 3.3.11 †`vKvb
3.3.3 lvo/ ej` 3.3.12 AvmevecÎ
3.3.4 QvMj/†fov 3.3.13 MvQMvQvwj
3.3.5 ‡gviM/gyiMx 3.3.14 wiK&ªv/f¨vbMvwo
3.3.6 nvum 3.3.15 ‡gvUimvB‡Kj
3.3.7 gvQ aivi Rvj 3.3.16 evBmvB‡Kj
3.3.8 ‡bŠKv 3.3.17
3.3.9 BwÄb
†bŠKv
3.3.18
3.4. Lvbvi K…wl hš¿cvwZ
µwgK
bs m¤ú`
wm AvB wR †Z †hvM`v‡bi
mgq eZ©gv‡b
msL¨v ‡hŠ_/e¨w³MZ
‡hŠ_=1
e¨w³MZ=2
msL¨v
eZ©gvb
g~j¨
(UvKv)
‡hŠ_/e¨w³MZ
‡hŠ_=1
e¨w³MZ=2
3.4.1 Mfxi
bjK~c(wW‡Rj)
3.4.2 Mfxi bjK~c
(we`y¨Z)
3.4.3 AMfxi
bjK~c(wW‡Rj)
3.4.4 AMfxi bjK~c
(we`y¨Z)
3.4.5 ‡¯cÖ‡gwkb
3.4.6 cvIqvi wUªjvi
3.4.7 cvIqvi cv¤ú
(wW‡Rj)
3.4.8 cvIqvi cv¤ú
(we`y¨Z)
3.4.9 n¯ÍPvwjZ bjKzc
3.4.10 †cWvj †_ªmvi
3.4.11 Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøL
102
Kiæb)
3.5. wewfbœ ‡bZ…¯’vbxq e¨w³eM©/cÖwZôvb-Gi mv‡_ m¤úK© µwgK bs ‡bZ…¯’vbxq e¨w³eM©/cÖwZôvb ‡KvW
3.5.1 ivR‰bwZK `j
3.5.2 wbe©vwPZ c«wZwbwa
3.5.3 K…wl Awdmvi
3.5.4 ¯’vbxq c«kvmb
3.5.5 cyywjk
3.5.6 Ab¨vb¨
‡KvWtcwiev‡ii m`m¨=1, wbKU AvZ¥xq=2, cvwievwiK eÜy (Aby‡iva iv‡L)=3,
‡gvUvgywU Rvbv‡kvbv =4, ‡Kvb m¤úK© ‡bB=5, Ab¨vb¨(D‡jøL Kiæb)=6
3.5.7 Avcbvi cwiev‡ii Ab¨ †Kvb m`m¨ wK wmAvBwR-Gi
m`m¨ wKbv?
nu¨v=1,
bv=2
3.5.8 DËi nu¨v n‡j KZRb?
3.6. ‡fvMK…Z Lv`¨ (mvßvwnK)
µwgK bs Lv‡`¨i bvg
MZ 7 w`‡b †fvMK„Z
Lv‡`¨i cwigvb (†KwR/wjUvi/
msL¨v)
wbR Drcv`b n‡Z †fvM
(†KwR/wjUvi/ msL¨v)
evRvi n‡Z µ‡qi cwigvb
(†KwR/wjUvi/msL¨v)
GKK cÖwZ evRvi g~j¨
(UvKv/GKK)
MZ mvZw`‡
b KZ‡ejv ‡L‡q‡Q
b?
3.6.1 Pvj (†KwR)
3.6.2 AvUv/gq`v (†KwR)
3.6.3 Wvj (†KwR)
3.6.4 gywo/‰L (†KwR)
3.6.5 wPov (†KwR)
3.6.6 ‡fvR¨ †Zj (wjUvi)
3.6.7 wN (†KwR)
3.6.8 kvK (†KwR)
3.6.9 mewR (†KwR)
3.6.10 Miæi gvsm
(†KwR)
3.6.11 gyiMxi gvsm
(†KwR)
3.6.12 Lvmxi gvsm
(†KwR)
3.6.13 eo gvQ (†KwR)
3.6.14 †QvU gvQ
(†KwR)
3.6.15 wWg (msL¨v)
3.6.16 `ya(wjUvi)
3.6.17 dj (†KwR)
3.6.18 Ab¨vb¨1
(D‡jøL Kiæb)
3.6.19 Ab¨vb¨2
(D‡jøL Kiæb)
103
3.7. Lv`¨ wbivcËv
µwgK bs cÖkœ wm AvB wR †Z
†hvM`v‡bi mgq
eZ©gv‡b
3.7.1 Avcbvi cwievi m`m¨iv eQie¨wc ch©vß Lvevi †L‡Z cvb wK? nu¨v=1, bv=2 nu¨v n‡j3.8 G hvb
3.7.2 bv n‡j, eQ‡i M‡o KZ gvm ch©vß Lvevi ‡L‡Z cvb?
3.7.3 eQ‡i KZ gvm Avcwb ev Avcbvi Lvbvi †Kvb m`m¨‡`i
h‡_ó Lvevi cvb bv?
3.7.4 ‡h gvm¸‡jv‡Z ch©vß Lvevi cvb bv, †mUv wK
gvme¨vwc? bvwK gv‡mi K‡qKwU w`b?
cy‡iv cy‡iv
AvswkK AvswkK
3.7.5 AvswkK n‡j, gv‡m M‡o KZw`b ch©vß Lvevi cvbbv?
3.7.6 ‡m mgq cwiev‡ii †Kvb m`m¨ ch©vß Lvq? †K Kg Lvq?
‡KvW: c~Y© eq®‹ cyiæl=1, c~Y© eq®‹ bvix=2, e„× (65
eQ‡ii D‡×©)=3, e„×v (65 eQ‡ii D‡×©)=4, Mf©eZx
bvix=5, wkïi gv=6, ‡Q‡j wkï=7, ‡g‡q wkï=8, ‡Q‡j
mšÍvb=9, ‡g‡q mšÍvb =10
wkï: 5 eQ‡ii bx‡P; mšÍvb: 6-10 eQi
Kg
Lvq
ch©vß
Lvq
3.7.7 Avcbvi cwiev‡i me©‡kl KZw`b Av‡M gvsm LvIqv n‡qwQj?
3.7.8 Avcbvi cwiev‡i me©‡kl KZw`b Av‡M gvQ LvIqv n‡qwQj?
3.7.9 Avcbvi cwiev‡i me©‡kl KZw`b Av‡M `ya LvIqv n‡qwQj?
3.7.10 Avcbvi cwiev‡i wkïiv me©‡kl KZw`b Av‡M `ya ‡L‡qwQj?
3.8. Lvbvi Avq (UvKvq) (MZ GK erm‡ii)
3.8.1 MZ GK eQ‡i K…wlKvR n‡Z Avq
µwgK
bs
Drcv`bk
xj
Kg©Kv
Û/
Av‡qi
Drm
†gvU
Drcv
`b
(†Kw
R)
wb‡
Ri
LvIq
v
(†K
wR)
weµ
q
(†K
wR)
Mo weµq
g~j¨
(UvKv/†Kw
R)
Drcv`b e¨q (†gvU UvKv)
ex
R
m
vi
cv
wb
nv
j
P
vl
fvo
v
kªw
gK
KxUb
vkK
gvovB
3.8.1.1 †ivcv
Avgb
3.8.1.2 †evbv
Avgb
3.8.1.3 ‡ev‡iv
3.8.1.4 AvDk
3.8.1.5 Mg
3.8.1.6 mwilv
3.8.1.7 gïwi
3.8.1.8 U‡g‡Uv
3.8.1.9 †e¸b
3.8.1.10 kmv
3.8.1.11 Avg
3.8.1.12 wjPz
3.8.1.13
3.8.1.14
104
‡bvU: hw` Gi †¶‡Î wbR¯^/‡hŠ_ gvwjKbvaxb †gwkb nq Z‡e cvwbi LiP ej‡Z ‡Kej wbR Pv‡li Rb¨ KZ e¨q n‡q‡Q Zvi wnmve wb‡Z n‡e|
3.8.2 Ab¨vb¨ K…wl-Kg©KvÛ n‡Z Avq
µwgK
bs
Kg©KvÛ MZ GK eQ‡i †gvU Avq
(UvKv)
3.8.2.1 `ya weµq
3.8.2.2 Mevw` cï weµq
3.8.2.3 nuvm-gyiMx weµq
3.8.2.4 grm¨ Pvl/ gvQ aiv / †cvbv aiv
3.8.2.5 Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøL Kiæb)
3.8.2.6 Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøL Kiæb)
3.8.3 A-K…wl Drm n‡Z Lvbvi †gvU evwl©K Avq (MÖm Avq)
µwgK
bs
Kg©KvÛ MZ GK eQ‡i †gvU
Avq (UvKv)
3.8.3.1 e¨emv
3.8.3.2 PvKzix
3.8.3.3 Lvbv wfwËK Avq-DcvR©bkxj Kg©KvÛ(†mjvB, euvk I †e‡Zi
KvR, BZ¨vw`)
3.8.3.4 K…wl gRyi
3.8.3.5 AK…wl gRyi
3.8.3.6 wi·v/f¨vb/†VjvMvwo Pvjv‡bv
3.8.3.7 fvov n‡Z cÖvß (evwo, hš¿cvwZ, cwienb hš¿ fvov BZ¨vw`)
3.8.3.8 wfwRwW, wfwRGd, e„× fvZv, weaev fvZv, gyw³‡hv×v fvZv,
n‡Z cÖvß
3.8.3.9 †cbkb cÖvwß
3.8.3.10 AvZ¥xq¯^Rb/eÜzevÜe †_‡K cÖvß A_©
3.8.3.11 M„n kªwgK
3.8.3.12 KvV wewµ
3.8.3.13 †iwgU¨vÝ (we‡`k †_‡K cvVv‡bv UvKv)
3.8.3.14 †iwgU¨vÝ (‡`‡ki wfZi †_‡K cvVv‡bv UvKv, hv Dc‡ii †Kvb
Dr‡m D‡jøwLZ nqwb)
3.8.3.15 Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøL Kiæb)
3.8.3.16 Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøL Kiæb)
3.8.3.17 Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøL Kiæb)
3.9. Lvbvi e¨q (UvKvq)
3.9.1 gvwmK e¨q (UvKvq)
µwgK bs e¨‡qi LvZmg~n e¨q (UvKv)
3.9.1.1 we`y¨r wej
3.9.1.2 R¡vjvbx LiP (jvKwo/M¨vm/GjwcwR)
3.9.1.3 evwo fvov
3.9.1.4 hvZvqvZ LiP
3.9.1.5 †gvevBj LiP
3.9.1.6 aygcvb LiP
105
3.9.2 evrmwiKe¨q (UvKvq)
µwgK bs e¨‡qi LvZmg~n e¨q (UvKv)
3.9.2.1 †cvkvK/e¯¿,cÖmvabx BZ¨vw`
3.9.2.2 evmbcÎ AvmeveBZ¨vw`
3.9.2.3 F‡Yi wKw¯— cwi‡kva (evrmwiK)
3.9.2.4 ‡givgZ LiP (M„n i¶Yv‡e¶Y,e¨envh©
wRwbm BZ¨vw`)
3.9.2.5 ag©xq Drme
3.9.2.6 †Q‡j-‡g‡qi †jLvcov
3.9.2.7 ¯^v¯’¨/wPwKrmv
3.9.2.8 gvgjv msµvš—
3.9.2.9 mvgvwRK LiP (weevn, gymjgvbx BZ¨vw`)
3.9.2.10 Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøLKiæb)
3.10. Lvbvi mÂq I avi cÖ`vb msµvšÍ Z_¨vejx
µwgK
bs
wm AvB wR †Z †hvM`v‡bi mgq
eZ©gv‡b
3.10.1 Avcwb wK wbqwgZ mÂq K‡ib? (nu¨v=1,
bv=2)
3.10.2 DËi nu¨v n‡j Lvbvi evwl©K m‡qi cwigvb
(UvKv):
3.10.3 MZ GK eQ‡i KvD‡K avi w`‡q‡Qb wK?
(nu¨v=1, bv=2)
3.10.4 DËi nu¨v n‡j evwl©K av‡ii cwigvb (UvKv):
3.11. Lvbvi FY msµvšÍ Z_¨vejx
3.11.1 MZ GK eQ‡i Avcwb †Kvb avi/‡`bv/FY K‡i‡Qb ev Av‡Mi ‡Kvb FY
Acwi‡kvwaZ wQj wKbv?
nu¨v=1, bv=2 (wUK w`b) (DËi 2 n‡j 3.12-G hvb)
3.11.2 DËi 1 n‡j FY m¤úwK©Z wb‡¤œv³ Z_¨¸‡jv w`b:
µwgK
bs F‡Yi Drm
F‡Yi
cwigvb
(UvKv)
my‡`i
nvi
(kZvsk)
cwi‡kvwaZ
(UvKv)
Acwi‡kvwaZ
F‡Yi cwigvb
(UvKv)
Acwi‡kvwaZ
F‡Yi cwigvb
my` mn bv
my` Qvov?
my` mn=1
my` Qvov=2
wK
Kv‡R
FY
e¨envi
n‡qwQj?
(‡KvW)
3.11.2.1 AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb
3.11.2.2 eÜzevÜe
3.11.2.3 ‡`vKvb`vi/e¨emvqx
3.11.2.4 gnvRb
3.11.2.5 mgevq mwgwZ
3.11.2.6 Ab¨ mwgwZ
3.11.2.7 GbwRI
3.11.2.8 e¨vsK
3.11.2.9 Ab¨vb¨ FY`vbKvix
ms¯’v
106
‡KvW: wK Kv‡R FY †bIqv n‡qwQj?: e¨emvi Rb¨=1, K…wlKv‡R=2, wPwKrmv=3, Lvbvi †fv‡Mi
Rb¨=4, evmv fvo/µq/Dbœq‡bi Rb¨=5, wk¶v msµvš—=6, we‡qi Rb¨=7, †hŠZzK cÖ`vb=8, cyivZb FY
cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨=9, AwaK my‡` FY †`evi Rb¨=10, Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøL Kiæb)=11
3.12. f~wg e¨envi I Drcv`b
wm AvB wR ‡Z ‡hvM`vb Kivi mgq I eZ©gv‡b dmj Pv‡li Z_¨:
µwgK
bs K…wl cY¨
wm AvB wR ‡Z
‡hvM`vb Kivi mgq eZ©gvb
GbGwUwci
Aax‡b
Rwgi
cwigvb f~wg (kZK)
Drcv`b
(‡KwR)
f~wg
(kZK)
Drcv`b
(‡KwR) 3.12.1 †ivcv Avgb 3.12.2 †evbv
Avgb
3.12.3 ‡ev‡iv 3.12.4 AvDk 3.12.5 Mg 3.12.6 mwilv 3.12.7 gïwi 3.12.8 U‡g‡Uv 3.12.9 †e¸b 3.12.10 kmv 3.12.11 Avg 3.12.12 wjPz 3.12.13 Kzj 3.12.14 dzj 3.12.15 3.12.16
4. GbGwUwc Kvh©µg m¤úwK©Z Z_¨
4.1 wm AvB wR g~j¨vqb
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ DËi DËi ‡KvW
4.1.1 wm AvB wR ‡Z KZ mv‡j ‡hvM`vb K‡i‡Qb?
4.1.2 wm AvB wR-Gi wK Av‡M Ab¨ †Kvb bvg wQj
(†hgb: IPM)?
4.1.3 hw` _v‡K Avcwb wK Zvi m`m¨ wQ‡jb?
4.1.4 hw` _v‡Kb ‡Kvb mv‡j m`m¨ nb?
4.1.5 wm AvB wR ‡Z ‡Kb ‡hvM`vb K‡i‡Qb?
4.1.6 wm AvB wR ‡Z ‡hvM`vb Kivi c~‡e© ‡Kvb
mgevq ev Ab¨ mwgwZi m`m¨ wQ‡jb wK?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.1.7 eZ©gv‡b K…wl mswkøó Ab¨ ‡Kvb mwgwZi
m`m¨ wK?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.1.8 wm AvB wR m¤ú‡K© Kvi KvQ ‡_‡K ï‡b‡Qb?
4.1.9 Avcwb wK wbqwgZ wm AvB wR mfvq †hvM`vb
K‡ib?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.1.10 Avcwb KZUyKy Rwg‡ZcÖhyw³ e¨envi Ki‡eb ‡m
wel‡q KL‡bv wK Z_¨ ‡bqv n‡qwQj?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
107
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ DËi DËi ‡KvW
4.1.11 DËi n¨vu n‡j, ‡Kvb mv‡j Z_¨ †bIqv n‡qwQj?
4.1.12 hZUyKyRwg‡Z cÖhyw³ e¨envi Ki‡eb e‡j‡Qb
ZZUyKy K‡i‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.1.13 hw` DËi bv nq, ‡Kb K‡ibwb
4.1.14 Avcbvi wmAvBwR ‡Z wK `jxq mÂq ïiæ n‡q‡Q? nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.1.15 DËi n¨vu n‡j,Avcwb wK mÂq ïiæ K‡i‡Qb nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.2 wdqvK (FIAC)-Gi g~j¨vqb
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ Dëi DËi ‡KvW
4.2.1 Avcbvi GjvKvq wK wdqvK Av‡Q? nu¨v=1, bv=2
bv n‡j cieZ©x †Uwe‡j
hvb
4.2.2 hw` nu¨v nq, †Kvb mvj †_‡K A‡Q?
4.2.3 hw` nu¨v nq, Avcwb Pvl m¤úwK©Z †Kvb
mgm¨v n‡j wdqv‡K hvb wK?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
bv n‡j 4.2.11bs c«‡kœ
hvb
4.2.4 wdqvK ¯’vc‡bi ci n‡Z G ch©šÍ †gvU KZevi
wM‡q‡Qb?
4.2.5 wK wK mgm¨vi Rb¨ wM‡qwQ‡jb?
4.2.6 Avcwb wdqvK †_‡K Avcbvi mgm¨vi mgvavb
m¤ú‡K© cÖZ¨vwkZ civgk© †c‡q‡Qb wK?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.2.7 hw` nu¨v nq, Zvn‡j Avcwb wK Avcbvi mgm¨v
mgvav‡b D³ civgk© e¨envi K‡i‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.2.8 hw` nu¨v nq, Zvn‡j Avcwb wK D³ civgk©
e¨env‡i DcKvi †c‡q‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.2.9 hw` nu¨v nq, Zvn‡j wK ai‡bi DcKvi †c‡q‡Qb?
4.2.10 civgk© e¨envi bv Ki‡j ‡Kb K‡ibwb? (cieZ©x
†Uwe‡j hvb)
4.2.11 Avcwb wdqv‡K †Kb hvb bv?
4.3 K…lK cÖwk¶Y
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ DËi DËi ‡KvW
4.3.1 Avcwb wK wmAvBwR Aax‡b
‡Kvb cÖwk¶Y †c‡q‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
(bv n‡j 15 bs c«‡kœ hvb)
4.3.2 hw` nu¨v nq, cÖwk¶‡Yi welqe¯‘
108
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ DËi DËi ‡KvW
wK wQj? (we¯ZvwiZ D‡jøL Kiæb)
4.3.3 Avcwb wK g‡b K‡ib cÖwk¶‡Y
Avcbvi Pvlvev‡`i Ávb e„w×
†c‡q‡Q?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.3.4 Avcwb wK cÖwk¶Y Abyhvqx
†Kvb KvR K‡i‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
bv n‡j 4.3.15 bs c«‡kœ hvb
4.3.5 hw` nu¨v n‡j wK wK K‡i‡Qb?
4.3.6 G¸‡jvi d‡j DcKvi †c‡q‡Qb wK? nu¨v=1, bv=2
bv n‡j 10 bs c«‡kœ hvb
4.3.7 nu¨v n‡j wK iK‡gi DcKvi
†c‡q‡Qb?
Lye fvj=1, fvj=2,
†gvUvgywU/G‡Kev‡iB bv=3
4.3.8 DËi 1/2 n‡j, DcKvi¸‡jv wK wK?
4.3.9 DËi 3 n‡j, ‡Kb?
4.3.10 Avcbvi cÖwk¶Y jä Ávb wbR
Lvgv‡i fwel¨‡ZI cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z
Pvb wK?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.3.11 bv n‡j †Kb?
4.3.12 c«wk¶b ‡Kv_vq n‡q‡Q?
4.3.13 c«wk¶b Kq w`‡bi?
4.3.14 Hmg‡q fvZv ‡c‡q‡Qb wK? nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.3.15 4.3.4bs-GiDËibv n‡j,‡Kb c«‡qvM
K‡ibwb?
4.3.16 Gb G wU wc Qvov Ab¨ ‡Kvb
c«wk¶‡b wM‡q‡Qb wK?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.4 cÖ`k©bx
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ DËi DËi ‡KvW
4.4.1 Avcwb wK wmAvBwR Aax‡b
‡Kvb cÖ`k©bx‡Z Ask wb‡q‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
(bv n‡j cieZ©x †Uwe‡j hvb)
4.4.2 hw` nu¨v nq, cÖ`k©bxi welqe¯‘
wK wQj? (we¯ZvwiZ D‡jøL Kiæb)
4.4.3 Avcwb wK g‡b K‡ib cÖ`k©bx‡Z
Avcbvi Pvl msµvš— Ávb e„w×
†c‡q‡Q?
nu¨v =1, bv=2
4.4.4 Avcwb wK cÖ`k©bx Abyhvqx
†Kvb KvR K‡i‡Qb?
nu¨v =1, bv=2
bv n‡j 4.4.11 bs c«‡kœ hvb
4.4.5 hw` nu¨v n‡j wK wK K‡i‡Qb?
109
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ DËi DËi ‡KvW
4.4.6 G¸‡jvi d‡j DcKvi †c‡q‡Qb wK? nu¨v =1, bv=2
bv n‡j 4.3.10 bs c«‡kœ hvb
4.4.7 nu¨v n‡j wK iK‡gi DcKvi
†c‡q‡Qb?
Lye fvj=1, fvj=2,
†gvUvgywU/G‡Kev‡iB bv=3
4.4.8 DËi 1/2 n‡j, DcKvi¸‡jv wK wK?
4.4.9 DËi 3 n‡j, ‡Kb?
4.4.10 Avcbvi cÖ`k©bx jä Ávb wbR
Lvgv‡i fwel¨‡ZI cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z
Pvb wK?
nu¨v =1, bv=2
4.4.11 4.4.4bs DËibv n‡j,‡Kb c«‡qvM
K‡ibwb?
4.5 gvV w`em
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ DËi DËi ‡KvW
4.5.1 Avcwb wK wmAvBwR Aax‡b
‡Kvb gvV w`e‡m Ask wb‡q‡Qb?
nu¨v =1, bv=2
(bv n‡j cieZ©x †Uwe‡j hvb)
4.5.2 hw` nu¨v nq, gvV w`e‡mi welqe¯‘
wK wQj? (we¯ZvwiZ D‡jøL Kiæb)
4.5.3 Avcwb wK g‡b K‡ib gvV w`e‡m
Avcbvi Ávb e„w× †c‡q‡Q?
nu¨v =1, bv=2
4.5.4 Avcwb wK gvV w`e‡mi wk¶v
Abyhvqx †Kvb KvR K‡i‡Qb?
nu¨v =1, bv=2
bv n‡j 4.5.12 bs c«‡kœ hvb
4.5.5 hw` nu¨v n‡j wK wK K‡i‡Qb?
4.5.6 G¸‡jvi d‡j DcKvi †c‡q‡Qb wK? nu¨v =1, bv=2
bv n‡j 4.5.10 bs c«‡kœ hvb
4.5.7 nu¨v n‡j wK iK‡gi DcKvi
†c‡q‡Qb?
Lye fvj=1, fvj=2,
†gvUvgywU/G‡Kev‡iB bv=3
4.5.8 DËi 1/2 n‡j, DcKvi¸‡jv wK wK?
4.5.9 DËi 3 n‡j, ‡Kb?
4.5.10 Avcbvi gvV w`e‡mi Ávb wbR
Lvgv‡i fwel¨‡ZI cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z
Pvb wK?
n¨uv=1, bv=2
4.5.11 bv n‡j †Kb?
4.5.12 4.5.4bs DËibv n‡j,‡Kb c«‡qvM
K‡ibwb?
110
4.6 K…wl †gjv
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ DËi DËi ‡KvW
4.6.1 Avcwb wK wmAvBwR Aax‡b
‡Kvb K…wl †gjvq Ask wb‡q‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
(bv n‡j cieZ©x †Uwe‡j hvb)
4.6.2 hw` nu¨v nq, K…wl †gjvi welqe¯‘
wK wQj? (we¯ZvwiZ D‡jøL Kiæb)
4.6.3 Avcwb wK g‡b K‡ib ‡gjvq Avcbvi
Ávb e„w× †c‡q‡Q?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.6.4 Avcwb wK ‡gjvi wk¶v Abyhvqx
†Kvb KvR K‡i‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
bv n‡j 4.6.12 bs c«‡kœ hvb
4.6.5 hw` nu¨v n‡j wK wK K‡i‡Qb?
4.6.6 G¸‡jvi d‡j DcKvi †c‡q‡Qb wK? nu¨v=1, bv=2
bv n‡j 4.6.10 bs c«‡kœ hvb
4.6.7 nu¨v n‡j wK iK‡gi DcKvi
†c‡q‡Qb?
Lye fvj=1, fvj=2,
†gvUvgywU/G‡Kev‡iB bv=3
4.6.8 DËi 1/2 n‡j, DcKvi¸‡jv wK wK?
4.6.9 DËi 3 n‡j, ‡Kb?
4.6.10 Avcbvi ‡gjvi Ávb wbR Lvgv‡i
fwel¨‡ZI cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z Pvb wK?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.6.11 bv n‡j †Kb?
4.6.12 4.6.4bs DËibv n‡j,‡Kb c«‡qvM
K‡ibwb?
4.7 Drcv`bKvix ms¯’vi (Producers Organization -PO) Kg©myPx
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ DËi DËi ‡KvW
4.7.1 Avcbvi GjvKvi Drcv`bKvix ms¯’v Av‡Q
wK?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
(bv n‡j cieZ©x †Uwe‡j
hvb)
4.7.2 Drcv`bKvix ms¯’vq Kviv Av‡Q? eo Pvlx=1, gvSvwi
Pvlx=2,
†QvU/cÖvwšÍK Pvlx=3
4.7.3 Avcwb wK Drcv`bKvix ms¯’vi (PO) m`m¨? nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.7.4 hw` nu¨v nq, KLb †_‡K?
4.7.5 ZLb †_‡K KZwU mfv n‡q‡Q?
4.7.6 ‡Kv_vq n‡q‡Q?
4.7.7 KZwU mfv nIqvi K_v wQj?
4.7.8 Drcv`bKvix ms¯’vi (PO) wK Kv‡Ri †Kvb
cwiKíbv Av‡Q?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.7.9 hw` nu¨v nq, Zvn‡j Drcv`bKvix ms¯’v (PO)
Avcbvi wK Kv‡R G‡m‡Q?
4.7.10 Ab¨‡`i wK Kv‡R G‡m‡Q?
111
5. km¨ Drcv`b cÖhyw³i e¨envi
µwgK
bs km¨
Drcv`b evov‡bvi
cÖhyw³ e¨envi
K‡i‡Qb wK?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
nu¨v n‡j
cÖhyw³
m¤ú‡K©
wKfv‡e
†R‡b‡Qb?
(‡KvW)
5.1 †ivcv Avgb (Avi IqvB Gg
wR)
nu¨v n‡j mswkøó
†Uwe‡j hvb
5.2 ‡ev‡iv (Avi IqvB Gg wR) nu¨v n‡j mswkøó
†Uwe‡j hvb
5.3 ‡ev‡iv (GWweøIwW) nu¨v n‡j mswkøó
†Uwe‡j hvb
5.4 AvDk (Avi IqvB Gg wR) nu¨v n‡j mswkøó
†Uwe‡j hvb
5.5 Mg nu¨v n‡j mswkøó
†Uwe‡j hvb
5.6 mwilv nu¨v n‡j mswkøó
†Uwe‡j hvb
5.7 gïwi
5.8 U‡g‡Uv nu¨v n‡j mswkøó
†Uwe‡j hvb
5.9 †e¸b
5.10 kmv
5.11 Avg
5.12 wjPz
5.13 Kzj
5.14 dzj
5.15
5.16
‡KvW: wdqvK (FIAC)=1, K…lK cÖwk¶Y=2, cÖ`k©bx=3, gvV w`em=4, K…wl †gjv=5, wm AvB
wR K…lK n‡Z =6, Ab¨ K…lK (bb wm AvB wR K…lK) n‡Z =6, Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøL KiæY)=7
112
6. Avi IqvB Gg wR (AvDk)
µwgK
bs
DËi I Dˇii †KvW
6.1 ex‡Ri Drm(2013 mvj)
weGwWwm=1, wWGB=2,
wbR¯^=3, cÖwZ‡ekx=4, evRvi=5,
‡Kv¤úvwb=6, Ab¨vb¨=7(D‡jøL
Kiæb)
6.2 e¨eüZ RvZ(2013 mvj)
weAvi-14=1, weAvi-16=2, weAvi-
20=3, weAvi-21=4, weAvi-26=5,
weAvi-27=6, Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøL Kiæb)=7
6.3 KZ mv‡j Avcwb GB
cÖhyw³i †Kvb †Kvb Ask
MÖnY K‡i‡Qb?
cÖhyw³ MÖn‡bi eQi
fvj exR
mgqgZ Pviv jvMv‡bv
mylg mvi cÖ‡qvM
me¸‡jv
6.4 cÖhyw³i wewfbœ Ask
wewfbœ eQ‡i MÖnb K‡i
_vK‡j †Kb K‡i‡Qb?
6.5 GB cÖhyw³i AvIZvq
wewfbœ eQ‡i
Rwgi cwigvYD‡jøL Kiæb
eQi cwigvY(kZvsk)
2013
2012
2011
6.6 Pvivi eqm (w`b)(2013 mvj)
25 w`‡bi †ekx=1, 25-30 w`b=2, 25
w`‡bi Kg=3
6.7 cÖwZ †MvQvq Pviv
(msL¨v)(2013 mvj)
†MvQvq 1=1,†MvQvq
2=2,†MvQvq3=3
6.8 mvi e¨envi (‡KwR/kZK)(2013
mvj)
cwigvb g~j¨ (UvKv/†KwR)
K) BDwiqv
L) wUGmwc
M) Ggwc
N) wRcmvg
O) `¯Ív
P) wWGwc
Q) K‡¤úv÷
6.9 Pviv †ivcb (mgq)(2013 mvj)
15 ˆekv‡Li c~‡e©=1, 15 ˆekvL-15
ˆRô¨=2, 15 ˆR‡ô¨i c‡i=3
6.10 ‡cvKvgvKo e¨e¯’vcbv(2013 mvj) AvBwcGg=1, KxUbvkK=2, Dfq=3
6.11 ‡gvU Drcv`b (†KwR)(2013
mvj)
avb
Lo
6.12 dmj †Zvjvi mgq evRvi g~j¨
(UvKv/†KwR) (2013 mvj)
avb
Lo
113
6.13 Ab¨vb¨ Drcv`b LiP (UvKv)(2013
mvj)
K) Rwg
ˆZix
1) cvIqvi
wUjvi
2) ej`
3) fvovi LiP
L) exR/ Pviv (†Kbv bv
n‡j m¤¢ve¨ evRvi g~j¨)
M)kªg (fvov)
N) KxUbvkK
O) gvovB
6.14 ‡gvU/MÖm Avq
(UvKv)(2013 mvj)
avb
Lo
6.15 Avcbvi K_v ï‡b wK Ab¨ †Kvb K…lK GB
cÖhyw³ MÖnb K‡i‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
6.16 nu¨v n‡j KZRb?
7. Avi IqvB Gg wR (‡ivcv Avgb)
µwgK
bs
DËi I Dˇii †KvW
7.1 ex‡Ri Drm(2013 mvj)
weGwWwm=1, wWGB=2, wbR¯^=3,
cÖwZ‡ekx=4, evRvi=5, ‡Kv¤úvwb=6,
Ab¨vb¨=7(D‡jøL Kiæb)
7.2 e¨eüZ RvZ(2013 mvj)
weAvi-11=1,weªavb-22=2, weªavb-
23=3,weªavb-33=4, webv avb-7=5,
Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøL Kiæb)=6
7.3 KZ mv‡j Avcwb GB
cÖhyw³i †Kvb †Kvb Ask
MÖnY K‡i‡Qb?
cÖhyw³ MÖn‡bi eQi
fvj exR
mgqgZ Pviv jvMv‡bv
mylg mvi cÖ‡qvM
me¸‡jv
7.4 cÖhyw³i wewfbœ Ask
wewfbœ eQ‡i MÖnb K‡i
_vK‡j †Kb K‡i‡Qb?
7.5 GB cÖhyw³i AvIZvq
wewfbœ eQ‡i
Rwgi cwigvYD‡jøL Kiæb
eQi cwigvY(kZvsk)
2013
2012
2011
7.6 Pvivi eqm (w`b)(2013 mvj)
25 w`‡bi Kg=1, 25-30 w`b=2, 30w`‡bi
†ekx=3
7.7 cÖwZ †MvQvq Pviv
(msL¨v)(2013 mvj)
†MvQvq 1=1,†MvQvq
2=2,†MvQvq3=3
7.8 mvi e¨envi (‡KwR/kZK)(2013 mvj) cwigvb g~j¨ (UvKv/†KwR)
K) BDwiqv
L) wUGmwc
M) Ggwc
114
N) wRcmvg
O) `¯Ív
P) wWGwc
Q) K‡¤úv÷
7.9 Pviv †ivcb (mgq)(2013 mvj)
30 Avlv‡pi c~‡e©=1, 30 Avlvp-30
kªveY=2, 31 kªve‡Yi c‡i=3
7.10 ‡cvKvgvKo e¨e¯’vcbv(2013 mvj) AvBwcGg=1, KxUbvkK=2, Dfq=3
7.11 ‡gvU Drcv`b (†KwR)(2013
mvj)
avb
Lo
7.12 dmj †Zvjvi mgq evRvi g~j¨
(UvKv/†KwR)(2013 mvj)
avb
Lo
7.13 Ab¨vb¨ Drcv`b LiP (UvKv)(2013
mvj)
K) Rwg
ˆZix
1) cvIqvi
wUjvi
2) ej`
3) fvovi LiP
L) exR/ Pviv (†Kbv bv n‡j
m¤¢ve¨ evRvi g~j¨)
M)kªg (fvov)
N) KxUbvkK
O) gvovB
7.14 ‡gvU/MÖm Avq
(UvKv)(2013 mvj)
avb
Lo
7.15 Avcbvi K_v ï‡b wK Ab¨ †Kvb K…lK GB
cÖhyw³ MÖnb K‡i‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
7.16 nu¨v n‡j KZRb?
8. Avi IqvB Gg wR (‡ev‡iv)
µwgK
bs
DËi I Dˇii †KvW
8.1 ex‡Ri Drm(2013 mvj)
weGwWwm=1, wWGB=2, wbR¯^=3,
cÖwZ‡ekx=4, evRvi=5, ‡Kv¤úvwb=6,
Ab¨vb¨=7(D‡jøL Kiæb)
8.2 e¨eüZ RvZ(2013 mvj)
weAvi-14=1,weªavb-28=2, weªavb-
29=3,nvBweªW=4,Ab¨vb¨(D‡jøL
Kiæb)=5
8.3 KZ mv‡j Avcwb GB
cÖhyw³i †Kvb †Kvb Ask
MÖnY K‡i‡Qb?
cÖhyw³ MÖn‡bi eQi
fvj exR
mgqgZ Pviv jvMv‡bv
mylg mvi cÖ‡qvM
me¸‡jv
8.4 cÖhyw³i wewfbœ Ask
wewfbœ eQ‡i MÖnb K‡i
_vK‡j †Kb K‡i‡Qb?
8.5 GB cÖhyw³i AvIZvq
wewfbœ eQ‡i
eQi cwigvY(kZvsk)
2013
115
Rwgi cwigvYD‡jøL Kiæb
2012
2011
8.6 Pvivi eqm (w`b)(2013 mvj)
30 w`‡bi Kg=1, 30-45 w`b=2, 45 w`‡bi
†ekx=3
8.7 cÖwZ †MvQvq Pviv
(msL¨v)(2013 mvj)
†MvQvq 1=1,†MvQvq
2=2,†MvQvq3=3
8.8 mvi e¨envi (‡KwR/kZK) (2013
mvj)
cwigvb g~j¨ (UvKv/†KwR)
K) BDwiqv
L) wUGmwc
M) Ggwc
N) wRcmvg
O) `¯Ív
P) wWGwc
Q) K‡¤úv÷
8.9 Pviv †ivcb (mgq)(2013 mvj)
10 †cŠ‡li c~‡e©=1, 10 †cŠl-10 gvN=2,
10 gv‡Ni c‡i=3
8.10 ‡cvKvgvKo e¨e¯’vcbv(2013 mvj) AvBwcGg=1, KxUbvkK=2, Dfq=3
8.11 ‡gvU Drcv`b (†KwR)(2013
mvj)
avb
Lo
8.12 dmj †Zvjvi mgq evRvi g~j¨
(2013 mvj)(UvKv/†KwR)
avb
Lo
8.13 Ab¨vb¨ Drcv`b LiP (UvKv)(2013
mvj)
K) Rwg
ˆZix
1) cvIqvi
wUjvi
2) ej`
3) fvovi LiP
L) exR/ Pviv (†Kbv bv n‡j
m¤¢ve¨ evRvi g~j¨)
M)kªg (fvov)
N) KxUbvkK
O) gvovB
8.14 ‡gvU/MÖm Avq
(UvKv)(2013 mvj)
avb
Lo
8.15 Avcbvi K_v ï‡b wK Ab¨ †Kvb K…lK GB
cÖhyw³ MÖnb K‡i‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
8.16 nu¨v n‡j KZRb?
9. GWweøIwW (‡ev‡iv)
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ DËi
9.1 Avcbvi GWweøIwW Gi aviYv Av‡Q
wK? (‡m‡Pi msL¨v I LiP Kgv‡bv)
nu¨v=1, bv=2
9.2 nu¨v n‡j G‡Z wKfv‡e KvR Kiv nq?
9.3 KZ mv‡j Avcwb GB cÖhyw³MÖnY
116
K‡i‡Qb?
9.4 GB cÖhyw³i AvIZvq wewfbœ eQ‡i
Rwgi cwigvY? (kZvsk)
eQi cwigvY 2014 2013 2012
2011
9.5 ch©‡e¶Y cvB‡ci e¨envi K‡i‡Qb
wK?(2013 mvj)
nu¨v=1, bv=2
9.6 ‡m‡Pi cwigvY (msL¨v)(2013 mvj)
9.7 ‡m‡Pi AvIZvq Rwgi cwigvb (2013 mvj) kZK
9.8 K) GWweøIwWcøU
9.9 L) GWweøIwWQvov/K‡›Uªvj cøU
9.10 cvwb e¨env‡i kZKiv wK cwigvb UvKv
mvkÖq n‡q‡Q? (%)(2013 mvj)
9.11 Avcbvi K_v ï‡b wK Ab¨ †Kvb K…lK
GB cÖhyw³ MÖnb K‡i‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
9.12 nu¨v n‡j KZRb?
10. mwilv Drcv`b cÖhyw³
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ DËi
10.1 ex‡Ri Drm(2013 mvj)
weGwWwm=1, wWGB=2, evwi=3,wbR=4,
evRvi=5,Ab¨vb¨=6
10.2 RvZ(2013 mvj)
evwi-14=1, evwi-15=2, webv-7=3,
wUIwUAviB-7=4, Ab¨vb¨=5
10.3 KZ mv‡j Avcwb GB cÖhyw³i
†Kvb †Kvb Ask MÖnY K‡i‡Qb?
cÖhyw³ MÖn‡bi eQi
fvj exR
mgqgZ Pviv jvMv‡bv
mylg mvi cÖ‡qvM
me¸‡jv
10.4 cÖhyw³i wewfbœ Ask wewfbœ
eQ‡i MÖnb K‡i _vK‡j †Kb
K‡i‡Qb?
10.5 mwilvi bZzb cÖhyw³‡Z PvlK…Z
Rwgi cwigvY (kZK)wewfbœ eQ‡i
D‡jøL Kiæb
eQi cwigvY
2013
2012
2011
10.6 Uwi-7 PvlK…Z Rwgi
cwigvY(kZK)
eZ©gvb
wmAvBwR‡
Z †hvM`v‡bi
mgq
10.7 AvaywbK mwilv PvlK…Z Rwgi
Drcv`b (†KwR)
eZ©gvb
wmAvBwR‡
Z †hvM`v‡bi
mgq
10.8 ecb Kvj (2013 mvj)
10 KvwZ©K c~‡e©=1, 10 KvwZ©K-25
KvwZ©K=2, 25 KvwZ©K c‡i=3
10.9 ex‡Ri nvi (‡KwR/kZK)(2013 mvj)
117
10.10 ‡m‡Pi msL¨v (2013 mvj)
(GKevi=1, `yBevi=2, wZ‡bi
AwaK=3)
eZ©gvb
wmAvBwR‡
Z †hvM`v‡bi
mgq
10.11 mv‡ii gvÎv (‡KwR/kZK)(2013 mvj)
eZ©gvb wmAvBwR‡Z †hvM`v‡bi
mgq
cwigvb
(‡KwR/kZK)
g~j¨
(UvKv/†Kw
R)
cwigvb
(‡KwR/kZK)
g~j¨
(UvKv/†Kw
R)
K) BDwiqv
L) wUGmwc
M) Ggwc
N) wRcmvg
O) `¯Ív
P) wWGwc
Q) K‡¤úv÷
10.12 km¨ µg(Cropping pattern) iwe Lwic-1 Lwic-2
eZ©gvb
wmAvBwR‡Z †hvM`v‡bi mgq
10.13 AvaywbK Rv‡Zi mwilv exR
KZUzKz msi¶Y K‡i‡Qb?
(†KwR)(2013 mvj)
10.14 dmj †Zvjvi mgq weµq
g~j¨(UvKv/†KwR)(2013 mvj)
10.15 Ab¨vb¨ Drcv`b LiP (UvKv)(2013
mvj)
Uwi-7 AvaywbK RvZ
K) Rwg ˆZix
1) cvIqvi wUjvi
2) ej`
3) fvovi LiP
L) exR/ Pviv
M) mvi
N) kªg (fvov)
O) Rj‡mPb
Q) km¨-gvovB
R) AcmiY
10.16 ‡gvU Avq (UvKv)(2013 mvj)
10.17 Avcbvi K_v ï‡b wK Ab¨ †Kvb K…lK GB
cÖhyw³ MÖnb K‡i‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
10.18 nu¨v n‡j KZRb?
11. Mg Drcv`‡bi cÖhyw³
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ DËi
118
11.1 e¨eüZ RvZ(2013 mvj) kZvãx=1, cÖ`xc=2, weRq=3, Ab¨vb¨=4
11.2 KZ mv‡j Avcwb GB cÖhyw³i
†Kvb †Kvb Ask MÖnY
K‡i‡Qb?
cÖhyw³ MÖn‡bi eQi
fvj exR
mylg mvi cÖ‡qvM
me¸‡jv
11.3 cÖhyw³i wewfbœ Ask wewfbœ
eQ‡i MÖnb K‡i _vK‡j †Kb
K‡i‡Qb?
11.4 Mg PvlK…Z Rwgi cwigvY
(kZK)
wewfbœ eQ‡i D‡jøL Kiæb
eQi cwigvY
2013
2012
2011
11.5 ex‡Ri nvi (‡KwR/kZK)(2013 mvj)
11.6 ec‡bi mgq(2013 mvj)
15 b‡f¤^‡ii c~‡e©=1, 15b‡f¤^i-15
wW‡m¤^i=2, 15wW‡m¤^i ci=3
11.7 mv‡ii gvÎv (2013 mvj)
cwigvb
(‡KwR/kZK)
g~j¨ (UvKv/†KwR)
K) BDwiqv
L) wUGmwc
M) Ggwc
N) wRcmvg
O) `¯Ív
P) wWGwc
Q) K‡¤úv÷
11.8 ‡m‡Pi msL¨v (2013 mvj) GKevi=1, `yBevi=2,
wZbevi=3,Pvievi=4
11.9 ‡gvU Drcv`b (‡KwR)
11.10 exR msi¶Y (AvaywbK
RvZ)(†KwR)(2013 mvj)
11.11 Ab¨vb¨ Drcv`b LiP (UvKv)(2013 mvj)
K) Rwg ˆZix
1) cvIqvi wUjvi
2) ej`
3) fvovi LiP
L) exR/ Pviv
M) mvi
N) kªg (fvov)
O) KxUbvkK
P) gvovB
Q) ¯’vbvšÍi
11.12 dmj †Zvjvi mgq weµq g~j¨
(UvKv/‡KwR) (2013 mvj)
Mg
Lo
11.13 ‡gvU Avq (UvKv)(2013 mvj)
11.14 Avcbvi K_v ï‡b wK Ab¨ †Kvb K…lK GB
cÖhyw³ MÖnb K‡i‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
119
11.15 nu¨v n‡j KZRb?
12. MÖx®§Kvjxb U‡g‡Uv Drcv`b
µwgK
bs cÖkœ DËi
12.1 PvlK…Z RvZ(2013 mvj)
evwi=1, cÖvB‡fU=2,
fviZ=3, Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøL
KiæY)=4
12.2 KZ mv‡j Avcwb GB cÖhyw³i †Kvb
†Kvb Ask MÖnY K‡i‡Qb?
cÖhyw³ MÖn‡bi eQi
fvj exR
mgqgZ Pviv jvMv‡bv
mylg mvi cÖ‡qvM
me¸‡jv
12.3 cÖhyw³i wewfbœ Ask wewfbœ eQ‡i
MÖnb K‡i _vK‡j †Kb K‡i‡Qb?
12.4 MÖx®§Kvjxb U‡g‡Uv Pv‡li Aax‡b
Rwgi cwigvY (kZK)
eQi cwigvY
2014
2013
2012
2011
12.5 Avcwb wK nigb e¨envi K‡ib?(2013 mvj) nu¨v=1, bv=2
12.6 nigb wK mn‡R cvIqv hvq?(2013 mvj) nu¨v=1, bv=2
12.7 nig‡bi g~j¨ KZ? (UvKv/cÖwZ
wgtwjt)(2013 mvj)
12.8 †Uªwbs-Gi mgq cÖwZ kZ‡K KZevi
nigb e¨envi Ki‡eb Dc‡`k
†c‡qwQ‡jb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
12.9 Avcwb 2013 mv‡j KZevi ni‡gvb
cÖ‡qvM K‡i‡Qb?
GKevi=1, `yBevi=2,
wZbevi=3, Pvievi=4
12.10 12.8 Gi DËi nu¨v n‡j Ges ‡Uwbs-Gi
†P‡q Kg cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j †Kb
K‡i‡Qb?
12.11 2013 mv‡j ni‡gvb cÖ‡qv‡Mi
cwigvb (wgwj/kZK):
12.12 mv‡ii gvÎv (‡KwR/kZK)(2013 mvj)
cwigvb
(‡KwR/kZK)
g~j¨ (UvKv/†KwR)
K) BDwiqv
L) wUGmwc
M) Ggwc
120
N) wRcmvg
O) wWGwc
P)`¯Ív
Q) K‡¤úv÷
12.13 Rwg‡Z ‡mP †`b wK? (2013 mvj) nu¨v=1, bv=2
12.14 ‡m‡Pi LiP (UvKv/kZK)(2013 mvj)
12.15 ‡cvKvgvKo e¨e¯’vcbv(2013 mvj)
AvBwcGg=1,ivmvqwbK=2,
Dfq=3, †KvbUvB bv=4
12.16 U‡g‡Uv msMÖ‡ni msL¨v (KZevi)(2013
mvj)
12.17 ‡gvU Drcv`b (‡KwR)(2013 mvj)
12.18 weµq g~j¨ (UvKv/‡KwR)(2013 mvj)
12.19 dmj †Zvjvi †gŠmy‡g weµq g~j¨
(UvKv/‡KwR)(2013 mvj)
12.20 ‡gvU Drcv`b LiP (UvKv)(2013 mvj)
K) Rwg ˆZix
1) cvIqvi wUjvi
2) ej`
3) fvovi LiP
L) exR/ Pviv
M) mvi
N) kªg (fvov)
O) KxUbvkK
P) gvovB
Q) ¯’vbvšÍi
12.21 †gvU Avq (UvKv)(2013 mvj)
12.22 cyivZb Mv‡Qi cwiPh©v Kiv n‡q‡Q
wKbv?(2013 mvj)
nu¨v=1, bv=2
12.23 hw` nu¨v nq, Zvn‡j ‡m¸‡jv
wK?(2013 mvj)
QvUvBKiY=1, mv‡ii e¨envi=2, ‡mU=3,
‡cvKvgvKo `gb=4, Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøL
KiæY)=5
12.24 GB cÖhyw³ e¨env‡i wK
DcKvi cvb?
dm‡ji fvj `vg=1, evowZ Avq=2, Amg‡q Kv‡Ri
my‡hvM=3, gwnjv‡`i Kv‡Ri my‡hvM=4, Ab¨vb¨
(D‡jøL KiæY)=5
12.25 GB cÖhyw³i Amyweav
¸‡jv wK wK?
nig‡bi cÖ‡qvRb=1, nigb mnR jf¨ bq=2, AwZwi³
Drcv`b LiP=3, ‡jvKvj evRv‡i cb¨ Pvwn`v Kg=4,
AwZwi³ †m‡Wi LiP=5, Kg Drcv`b=6, ¶wZi
SuywK=7, Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøL KiæY)=8
12.26 Avcbvi K_v ï‡b wK Ab¨ †Kvb K…lK GB cÖhyw³
MÖnb K‡i‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
12.27 nu¨v n‡j KZRb?
Z_¨ msM«nKvixi bvg :
___________________
¯^v¶i
121
“b¨vkbvj GwMÖKvjPvivj †UK‡bvjwR cÖ‡R± (GbGwUwc)†dR -1” Gi c«fve g~j¨vqb
evsjv‡`k Dbœqb M‡elbv c«wZôvb (weAvBwWGm)
B-17, AvMviMuvI, ‡k‡i evsjv bMi, XvKv
Lvbv Rixc cÖkœgvjv
cÖhyw³:Mvfxcvjb I Miæ †gvUvZvRvKiY (cï m¤ú` wefvM) 1. DËi`vZvi cwiwPwZ
1.1 DËi`vZvi bvg:
1.2 †gvevBj bv¤^vi:
1.3 K…l‡Ki aib: †KvW:wm AvB wR m`m¨=1,bb -wm AvB wR
m`m¨ =2
1.4 wm AvB wR †Z †hvM`v‡bi eQi:
1.5 Lvbvi †jv‡Kkb
MÖvg: Dc‡Rjv:
BDwbqb: ‡Rjv:
1.6 ag©: gymjgvb= 1, wn›`y=2, L„óvb=3, †eŠ×=4, Ab¨vb¨
(D‡jøLKiæb)=5
1.7 Lvbvi aib:GKK cwievi=1,†hŠ_ cwievi (evev-gv I weevwnZ
mšÍvb)=2, ewa©Z cwievi (GKvwaK cwievi)=3
2. Lvbvi m`m¨ m¤úwK©Z Z_¨
µwgK
bs bvg
Lvbv
cÖav‡bi
mv‡_
m¤úK©
(†KvW)
wj½
cyiæl=1,
gwnjv=2
eqm
(ermi)
wk¶vMZ
†hvM¨Zv
(†KvW)
‡ckv (†KvW)
cÖavb AcÖavb
2.1 Lvbv cÖavb
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
122
†KvW: Lvbv cÖav‡bi
mv‡_ m¤úK© Lvbv cÖavvb=1,¯^vgx/¯¿x=2,cyÎ/Kb¨v=3,evev/gv=4,fvB/†evb=5,cyÎeay/RvgvZvv=6,bvZx/bvZwb=7,
k¦ïi/kvïox=8, `v`v/`v`x/bvbv/bvwb=9, Ab¨vb¨=10 (D‡jøL Kiæb)
wk¶vMZ
†hvM¨Zv
(me©‡kl
†kÖYx)
wbi¶i=0, DËxY© †kªYx=01-10, GmGmwm Gi Dci =11, gv`«vmv =17,wjL‡Z I co‡Z cv‡i=20
‡ckv (cÖavb=
eQ‡ii
AwaKvsk mgq
e¨q K‡i)
K…lK (km¨)=1, K…wl kªwgK=2, w`bgRyi=3, grm¨Rxwe=4, Mevw` cï Drcv`b=5, grm¨Drcv`b=6 ,`ya
e¨emvqx=7, gvsm e¨emvqx=8,meRx e¨emvqx=9,†`vKvb`vi=10, e¨emvqx(Ab¨vb¨)=11,
PvKzixwRex=12,KzwUiwkí=13,`¶kªwgK (K©gKvi/gywP/KvV
wg¯¿x/B‡jKwUªwmqvb/†gKvwbK/`wR© BZ¨vw`)=14, M„neay=15, wi·v/f¨vb
PvjK=16,†bŠKvPvjK=17,AemicÖvß=18, QvÎ=19,‡eKvi=20,e„×/A¶g=21, wkï=22, Ab¨vb¨=23
3. Lvbvi Av_©-mvgvwRK Z_¨vejx
3.1. Rwgi gvwjKvbv I Rwg Pvlvev‡`i Z_¨ (cËb/jxR/eM©v MZ GK eQ‡ii wnmve, ˆekvL †_‡K
ˆPÎ 1420)
µwgK bs weeib wm AvB wR †Z †hvM`v‡bi mgq (kZvsk)
eZ©gv‡b (kZvsk)
3.1.1 emZ wfUv (wbR¯^)
3.1.2 emZ wfUv (fvov)
3.1.3 wbR¯^ Avev`/Pvl‡hvM¨
Rwg
3.1.4 D`¨vb/evMvb
3.1.5 Rjvkq(cyKzi, †Wvev,
bvjv)
3.1.6 cËb/wjR †bqv
3.1.7 cËb/wjR †`qv
3.1.8 eMv© †bqv
3.1.9 eMv© †`qv
3.1.10 fvov †bqv
3.1.11 fvov †`qv
3.1.12 eÜK †`qv
3.1.13 eÜK †bqv
3.1.14 Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøL Kiæb)
3.2. emev‡mi Z_¨
µwgK
bs weeib
wm AvB wR
†Z †hvM`v‡bi
mgq eZ©gv‡b ‡KvW
3.2.1 emev‡mi N‡ii
gvwjKvbv
wb‡Ri=1, fvov=2, Ab¨vb¨=3
3.2.2 emev‡mi N‡ii wbgv©b
KvVv‡gv
Szcox=1, No/wUb/cvKv=2,
wUb/Uvwj=3, Avav cvKv=4,
cvKv=5, Ab¨vb¨=6
3.2.3 Lvevi cvwbi Drm bjK~c=1, Kzqv=2, cyKzi=3,
b`x/Lvj=4, Ab¨vb¨ (wbw`©ó
Kiæb)=5
3.2.4 e¨eüZ cvqLvbvi aiY ‡mcwUK U¨vsK/¯j¨ve ‡jwUªb=1,
MZ© cvqLvbv=2, Szjš—
123
cvqLvbv=3, †Lvjv
RvqMv/†SvcSvo=4,Ab¨vb¨
(wbw`©ó Kiæb)=5
3.2.5 evwoi Av‡jvi Drm we`y¨r=1, nvwi‡Kb=2,
†gvgevwZ=3, †mŠiwe`yr=4,
ev‡qvM¨vm=5, Ab¨vb¨ (wbw`©ó
Kiæb)=6
3.3. m¤úwËi weeiY
µwgK
bs m¤ú`
wm AvB
wR †Z
†hvM`v‡bi
mgq(msL¨v)
eZ©gv‡b
µwgK
bs m¤ú`
wm AvB
wR †Z
†hvM`v‡bi
mgq(msL¨v)
eZ©gv‡b
msL¨v
eZ©gvb
g~j¨
(UvKv)
msL¨v
eZ©gvb
g~j¨
(UvKv)
3.3.10 ̀y‡aj Mvfx 3.3.10 A‡Uv/†ewe†Uw·
3.3.11 W«vB Mvfx 3.3.11 †`vKvb
3.3.12 lvo/ ej` 3.3.12 AvmevecÎ
3.3.13 QvMj/†fov 3.3.13 MvQMvQvwj
3.3.14 ‡gviM/gyiMx 3.3.14 wiK&ªv/f¨vbMvwo
3.3.15 nvum 3.3.15 ‡gvUimvB‡Kj
3.3.16 gvQ aivi Rvj 3.3.16 evBmvB‡Kj
3.3.17 ‡bŠKv 3.3.17
3.3.18 BwÄb
†bŠKv
3.3.18
3.4. Lvbvi K…wl hš¿cvwZ
µwgK
bs m¤ú`
wm AvB wR †Z †hvM`v‡bi
mgq eZ©gv‡b
msL¨v ‡hŠ_/e¨w³MZ
‡hŠ_=1
e¨w³MZ=2
msL¨v
eZ©gvb
g~j¨
(UvKv)
‡hŠ_/e¨w³MZ
‡hŠ_=1
e¨w³MZ=2
3.4.12 Mfxi
bjK~c(wW‡Rj)
3.4.13 Mfxi bjK~c
(we`y¨Z)
3.4.14 AMfxi
bjK~c(wW‡Rj)
3.4.15 AMfxi bjK~c
(we`y¨Z)
3.4.16 ‡¯cÖ‡gwkb
3.4.17 cvIqvi wUªjvi
3.4.18 cvIqvi cv¤ú
(wW‡Rj)
3.4.19 cvIqvi cv¤ú
124
(we`y¨Z)
3.4.20 n¯ÍPvwjZ bjKzc
3.4.21 †cWvj †_ªmvi
3.4.22 Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøL
Kiæb)
3.5. wewfbœ ‡bZ…¯’vbxq e¨w³eM©/cÖwZôvb-Gi mv‡_ m¤úK©
µwgK bs ‡bZ…¯’vbxq e¨w³eM©/cÖwZôvb ‡KvW
3.5.1 ivR‰bwZK `j
3.5.2 wbe©vwPZ c«wZwbwa
3.5.3 K…wl Awdmvi
3.5.4 ¯’vbxq c«kvmb
3.5.5 cyywjk
3.5.6 Ab¨vb¨
‡KvWtcwiev‡ii m`m¨=1, wbKU AvZ¥xq=2, cvwievwiK eÜy (Aby‡iva iv‡L)=3,
‡gvUvgywU Rvbv‡kvbv =4, ‡Kvb m¤úK© ‡bB=5, Ab¨vb¨(D‡jøL Kiæb)=6
3.5.7 Avcbvi cwiev‡ii Ab¨ †Kvb m`m¨ wK wmAvBwR-Gi
m`m¨ wKbv?
nu¨v=1,
bv=2
3.5.8 DËi nu¨v n‡j KZRb?
3.6. ‡fvMK…Z Lv`¨ (mvßvwnK)
µwgK bs Lv‡`¨i bvg
MZ 7 w`‡b †fvMK„Z
Lv‡`¨i cwigvb (†KwR/wjUvi/
msL¨v)
wbR Drcv`b n‡Z †fvM
(†KwR/wjUvi/ msL¨v)
evRvi n‡Z µ‡qi cwigvb
(†KwR/wjUvi/msL¨v)
GKK cÖwZ evRvi g~j¨
(UvKv/GKK)
MZ mvZw`‡
b KZ‡ejv ‡L‡q‡Q
b?
3.6.20 Pvj (†KwR)
3.6.21 AvUv/gq`v (†KwR)
3.6.22 Wvj (†KwR)
3.6.23 gywo/‰L (†KwR)
3.6.24 wPov (†KwR)
3.6.25 ‡fvR¨ †Zj (wjUvi)
3.6.26 wN (†KwR)
3.6.27 kvK (†KwR)
3.6.28 mewR (†KwR)
3.6.29 Miæi gvsm
(†KwR)
3.6.30 gyiMxi gvsm
(†KwR)
3.6.31 Lvmxi gvsm
(†KwR)
3.6.32 eo gvQ (†KwR)
3.6.33 †QvU gvQ
(†KwR)
3.6.34 wWg (msL¨v)
3.6.35 `ya(wjUvi)
3.6.36 dj (†KwR)
3.6.37 Ab¨vb¨1
125
(D‡jøL Kiæb)
3.6.38 Ab¨vb¨2
(D‡jøL Kiæb)
3.7. Lv`¨ wbivcËv
µwgK bs cÖkœ wm AvB wR †Z
†hvM`v‡bi mgq
eZ©gv‡b
3.7.11 Avcbvi cwievi m`m¨iv eQie¨wc ch©vß Lvevi †L‡Z cvb wK? nu¨v=1, bv=2 nu¨v n‡j3.8 G hvb
3.7.12 bv n‡j, eQ‡i M‡o KZ gvm ch©vß Lvevi ‡L‡Z cvb?
3.7.13 eQ‡i KZ gvm Avcwb ev Avcbvi Lvbvi †Kvb m`m¨‡`i
h‡_ó Lvevi cvb bv?
3.7.14 ‡h gvm¸‡jv‡Z ch©vß Lvevi cvb bv, †mUv wK
gvme¨vwc? bvwK gv‡mi K‡qKwU w`b?
cy‡iv cy‡iv
AvswkK AvswkK
3.7.15 AvswkK n‡j, gv‡m M‡o KZw`b ch©vß Lvevi cvbbv?
3.7.16 ‡m mgq cwiev‡ii †Kvb m`m¨ ch©vß Lvq? †K Kg Lvq?
‡KvW: c~Y© eq®‹ cyiæl=1, c~Y© eq®‹ bvix=2, e„× (65
eQ‡ii D‡×©)=3, e„×v (65 eQ‡ii D‡×©)=4, Mf©eZx
bvix=5, wkïi gv=6, ‡Q‡j wkï=7, ‡g‡q wkï=8, ‡Q‡j
mšÍvb=9, ‡g‡q mšÍvb =10
wkï: 5 eQ‡ii bx‡P; mšÍvb: 6-10 eQi
Kg
Lvq
ch©vß
Lvq
3.7.17 Avcbvi cwiev‡i me©‡kl KZw`b Av‡M gvsm LvIqv n‡qwQj?
3.7.18 Avcbvi cwiev‡i me©‡kl KZw`b Av‡M gvQ LvIqv n‡qwQj?
3.7.19 Avcbvi cwiev‡i me©‡kl KZw`b Av‡M `ya LvIqv n‡qwQj?
3.7.20 Avcbvi cwiev‡i wkïiv me©‡kl KZw`b Av‡M `ya ‡L‡qwQj?
3.8. Lvbvi Avq (UvKvq) (MZ GK erm‡ii)
3.8.4 MZ GK eQ‡i K…wlKvR n‡Z Avq
µwgK
bs
Drcv`bk
xj
Kg©Kv
Û/
Av‡qi
Drm
†gvU
Drcv
`b
(†Kw
R)
wb‡
Ri
LvIq
v
(†K
wR)
weµ
q
(†K
wR)
Mo weµq
g~j¨
(UvKv/†Kw
R)
Drcv`b e¨q (†gvU UvKv)
ex
R
m
vi
cv
wb
nv
j
P
vl
fvo
v
kªw
gK
KxUb
vkK
gvovB
3.8.1.15 †ivcv
Avgb
3.8.1.16 †evbv
Avgb
3.8.1.17 ‡ev‡iv
3.8.1.18 AvDk
3.8.1.19 Mg
3.8.1.20 mwilv
3.8.1.21 gïwi
3.8.1.22 U‡g‡Uv
3.8.1.23 †e¸b
3.8.1.24 kmv
126
µwgK
bs
Drcv`bk
xj
Kg©Kv
Û/
Av‡qi
Drm
†gvU
Drcv
`b
(†Kw
R)
wb‡
Ri
LvIq
v
(†K
wR)
weµ
q
(†K
wR)
Mo weµq
g~j¨
(UvKv/†Kw
R)
Drcv`b e¨q (†gvU UvKv)
ex
R
m
vi
cv
wb
nv
j
P
vl
fvo
v
kªw
gK
KxUb
vkK
gvovB
3.8.1.25 Avg
3.8.1.26 wjPz
3.8.1.27
3.8.1.28
‡bvU: hw` Gi †¶‡Î wbR¯^/‡hŠ_ gvwjKbvaxb †gwkb nq Z‡e cvwbi LiP ej‡Z ‡Kej wbR Pv‡li Rb¨ KZ e¨q n‡q‡Q Zvi wnmve wb‡Z n‡e|
3.8.5 Ab¨vb¨ K…wl-Kg©KvÛ n‡Z Avq
µwgK
bs
Kg©KvÛ MZ GK eQ‡i †gvU Avq
(UvKv)
3.8.2.7 `ya weµq
3.8.2.8 Mevw` cï weµq
3.8.2.9 nuvm-gyiMx weµq
3.8.2.10 grm¨ Pvl/ gvQ aiv / †cvbv aiv
3.8.2.11 Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøL Kiæb)
3.8.2.12 Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøL Kiæb)
3.8.6 A-K…wl Drm n‡Z Lvbvi †gvU evwl©K Avq (MÖm Avq)
µwgK
bs
Kg©KvÛ MZ GK eQ‡i †gvU
Avq (UvKv)
3.8.3.18 e¨emv
3.8.3.19 PvKzix
3.8.3.20 Lvbv wfwËK Avq-DcvR©bkxj Kg©KvÛ(†mjvB, euvk I †e‡Zi
KvR, BZ¨vw`)
3.8.3.21 K…wl gRyi
3.8.3.22 AK…wl gRyi
3.8.3.23 wi·v/f¨vb/†VjvMvwo Pvjv‡bv
3.8.3.24 fvov n‡Z cÖvß (evwo, hš¿cvwZ, cwienb hš¿ fvov BZ¨vw`)
3.8.3.25 wfwRwW, wfwRGd, e„× fvZv, weaev fvZv, gyw³‡hv×v fvZv,
n‡Z cÖvß
3.8.3.26 †cbkb cÖvwß
3.8.3.27 AvZ¥xq¯^Rb/eÜzevÜe †_‡K cÖvß A_©
3.8.3.28 M„n kªwgK
3.8.3.29 KvV wewµ
3.8.3.30 †iwgU¨vÝ (we‡`k †_‡K cvVv‡bv UvKv)
3.8.3.31 †iwgU¨vÝ (‡`‡ki wfZi †_‡K cvVv‡bv UvKv, hv Dc‡ii †Kvb
Dr‡m D‡jøwLZ nqwb)
3.8.3.32 Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøL Kiæb)
3.8.3.33 Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøL Kiæb)
3.8.3.34 Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøL Kiæb)
3.9. Lvbvi e¨q (UvKvq)
127
3.9.3 gvwmK e¨q (UvKvq)
µwgK bs e¨‡qi LvZmg~n e¨q (UvKv)
3.9.1.7 we`y¨r wej
3.9.1.8 R¡vjvbx LiP (jvKwo/M¨vm/GjwcwR)
3.9.1.9 evwo fvov
3.9.1.10 hvZvqvZ LiP
3.9.1.11 †gvevBj LiP
3.9.1.12 aygcvb LiP
3.9.4 evrmwiKe¨q (UvKvq)
µwgK bs e¨‡qi LvZmg~n e¨q (UvKv)
3.9.2.11 †cvkvK/e¯¿,cÖmvabx BZ¨vw`
3.9.2.12 evmbcÎ AvmeveBZ¨vw`
3.9.2.13 F‡Yi wKw¯— cwi‡kva (evrmwiK)
3.9.2.14 ‡givgZ LiP (M„n i¶Yv‡e¶Y,e¨envh©
wRwbm BZ¨vw`)
3.9.2.15 ag©xq Drme
3.9.2.16 †Q‡j-‡g‡qi †jLvcov
3.9.2.17 ¯^v¯’¨/wPwKrmv
3.9.2.18 gvgjv msµvš—
3.9.2.19 mvgvwRK LiP (weevn, gymjgvbx BZ¨vw`)
3.9.2.20 Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøLKiæb)
3.10. Lvbvi mÂq I avi cÖ`vb msµvšÍ Z_¨vejx
µwgK
bs
wm AvB wR †Z †hvM`v‡bi mgq
eZ©gv‡b
3.10.5 Avcwb wK wbqwgZ mÂq K‡ib? (nu¨v=1,
bv=2)
3.10.6 DËi nu¨v n‡j Lvbvi evwl©K m‡qi cwigvb
(UvKv):
3.10.7 MZ GK eQ‡i KvD‡K avi w`‡q‡Qb wK?
(nu¨v=1, bv=2)
3.10.8 DËi nu¨v n‡j evwl©K av‡ii cwigvb (UvKv):
3.11. Lvbvi FY msµvšÍ Z_¨vejx
3.11.3 MZ GK eQ‡i Avcwb †Kvb avi/‡`bv/FY K‡i‡Qb ev Av‡Mi ‡Kvb FY
Acwi‡kvwaZ wQj wKbv?
nu¨v=1, bv=2 (wUK w`b) (DËi 2 n‡j 3.12-G hvb)
3.11.4 DËi 1 n‡j FY m¤úwK©Z wb‡¤œv³ Z_¨¸‡jv w`b:
µwgK
bs F‡Yi Drm
F‡Yi
cwigvb
(UvKv)
my‡`i
nvi
(kZvsk)
cwi‡kvwaZ
(UvKv)
Acwi‡kvwaZ
F‡Yi cwigvb
(UvKv)
Acwi‡kvwaZ
F‡Yi cwigvb
my` mn bv
my` Qvov?
my` mn=1
my` Qvov=2
wK
Kv‡R
FY
e¨envi
n‡qwQj?
(‡KvW)
128
3.11.2.10 AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb
3.11.2.11 eÜzevÜe
3.11.2.12 ‡`vKvb`vi/e¨emvqx
3.11.2.13 gnvRb
3.11.2.14 mgevq mwgwZ
3.11.2.15 Ab¨ mwgwZ
3.11.2.16 GbwRI
3.11.2.17 e¨vsK
3.11.2.18 Ab¨vb¨ FY`vbKvix
ms¯’v
‡KvW: wK Kv‡R FY †bIqv n‡qwQj?: e¨emvi Rb¨=1, K…wlKv‡R=2, wPwKrmv=3, Lvbvi †fv‡Mi
Rb¨=4, evmv fvo/µq/Dbœq‡bi Rb¨=5, wk¶v msµvšÍ=6, we‡qi Rb¨=7, †hŠZzK cÖ`vb=8, cyivZb FY
cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨=9, AwaK my‡` FY †`evi Rb¨=10, Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøL Kiæb)=11
3.12. f~wg e¨envi I Drcv`b
wm AvB wR ‡Z ‡hvM`vb Kivi mgq I eZ©gv‡b dmj Pv‡li Z_¨:
µwgK
bs K…wl cY¨
wm AvB wR ‡Z
‡hvM`vb Kivi mgq eZ©gvb
GbGwUwci
Aax‡b
Rwgi
cwigvb f~wg (kZK)
Drcv`b
(‡KwR)
f~wg
(kZK)
Drcv`b
(‡KwR) 3.12.17 †ivcv Avgb 3.12.18 †evbv
Avgb
3.12.19 ‡ev‡iv 3.12.20 AvDk 3.12.21 Mg 3.12.22 mwilv 3.12.23 gïwi 3.12.24 U‡g‡Uv 3.12.25 †e¸b 3.12.26 kmv 3.12.27 Avg 3.12.28 wjPz 3.12.29 Kzj 3.12.30 dzj 3.12.31 3.12.32
4. GbGwUwc Kvh©µg m¤úwK©Z Z_¨
4.8 wm AvB wR g~j¨vqb
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ DËi DËi ‡KvW
4.1.16 wm AvB wR ‡Z KZ mv‡j ‡hvM`vb K‡i‡Qb?
4.1.17 wm AvB wR-Gi wK Av‡M Ab¨ †Kvb bvg wQj
(†hgb: IPM)?
4.1.18 hw` _v‡K Avcwb wK Zvi m`m¨ wQ‡jb?
4.1.19 hw` _v‡Kb ‡Kvb mv‡j m`m¨ nb?
4.1.20 wm AvB wR ‡Z ‡Kb ‡hvM`vb K‡i‡Qb?
129
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ DËi DËi ‡KvW
4.1.21 wm AvB wR ‡Z ‡hvM`vb Kivi c~‡e© ‡Kvb
mgevq ev Ab¨ mwgwZi m`m¨ wQ‡jb wK?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.1.22 eZ©gv‡b K…wl mswkøó Ab¨ ‡Kvb mwgwZi
m`m¨ wK?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.1.23 wm AvB wR m¤ú‡K© Kvi KvQ ‡_‡K ï‡b‡Qb?
4.1.24 Avcwb wK wbqwgZ wm AvB wR mfvq †hvM`vb
K‡ib?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.1.25 Avcwb KZUyKy Rwg‡ZcÖhyw³ e¨envi Ki‡eb ‡m
wel‡q KL‡bv wK Z_¨ ‡bqv n‡qwQj?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.1.26 DËi n¨vu n‡j, ‡Kvb mv‡j Z_¨ †bIqv n‡qwQj?
4.1.27 hZUyKy Rwg‡Z cÖhyw³ e¨envi Ki‡eb e‡j‡Qb
ZZUyKy K‡i‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.1.28 hw` DËi bv nq, ‡Kb K‡ibwb
4.1.29 Avcbvi wmAvBwR ‡Z wK `jxq mÂq ïiæ n‡q‡Q? nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.1.30 DËi n¨vu n‡j,Avcwb wK mÂq ïiæ K‡i‡Qb nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.9 wdqvK (FIAC)-Gi g~j¨vqb
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ Dëi DËi ‡KvW
4.2.12 Avcbvi GjvKvq wK wdqvK Av‡Q? nu¨v=1, bv=2
bv n‡j cieZ©x †Uwe‡j
hvb
4.2.13 hw` nu¨v nq, †Kvb mvj †_‡K A‡Q?
4.2.14 hw` nu¨v nq, Avcwb Pvl m¤úwK©Z †Kvb
mgm¨v n‡j wdqv‡K hvb wK?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
bv n‡j 4.2.11bs c«‡kœ
hvb
4.2.15 wdqvK ¯’vc‡bi ci n‡Z G ch©šÍ †gvU KZevi
wM‡q‡Qb?
4.2.16 wK wK mgm¨vi Rb¨ wM‡qwQ‡jb?
4.2.17 Avcwb wdqvK †_‡K Avcbvi mgm¨vi mgvavb
m¤ú‡K© cÖZ¨vwkZ civgk© †c‡q‡Qb wK?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.2.18 hw` nu¨v nq, Zvn‡j Avcwb wK Avcbvi mgm¨v
mgvav‡b D³ civgk© e¨envi K‡i‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.2.19 hw` nu¨v nq, Zvn‡j Avcwb wK D³ civgk©
e¨env‡i DcKvi †c‡q‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.2.20 hw` nu¨v nq, Zvn‡j wK ai‡bi DcKvi †c‡q‡Qb?
4.2.21 civgk© e¨envi bv Ki‡j ‡Kb K‡ibwb? (cieZ©x
†Uwe‡j hvb)
130
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ Dëi DËi ‡KvW
4.2.22 Avcwb wdqv‡K †Kb hvb bv?
4.10 wmj (CEAL) -Gi g~j¨vqb
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ Dëi DËi ‡KvW
4.3.1 Avcbvi GjvKvq wK wmjAv‡Q? nu¨v=1, bv=2
bv n‡j cieZ©x †Uwe‡j
hvb
4.3.2 hw` nu¨v nq, †Kvb mvj †_‡K A‡Q?
4.3.3 hw` nu¨vnq, Avcwb Pvl m¤úwK©Z †Kvb mgm¨v
n‡j wm‡jhvbwK?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
bv n‡j 4.3.10bs c«‡kœ
hvb
4.3.4 wmj ¯’vc‡bi ci n‡Z G ch©šÍ †gvU KZevi
wM‡q‡Qb?
4.3.5 wK wK mgm¨vi Rb¨ wM‡qwQ‡jb?
4.3.6 Avcwb wmj †_‡K Avcbvi mgm¨vi mgvavb
m¤ú‡K© cÖZ¨vwkZ civgk© †c‡q‡Qb wK?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.3.7 hw` nu¨v nq, Zvn‡j Avcwb wK Avcbvi mgm¨v
mgvav‡b D³ civgk© e¨envi K‡i‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.3.8 hw` nu¨v nq, Zvn‡j Avcwb wK D³ civgk©
e¨env‡i DcKvi †c‡q‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.3.9 hw` nu¨v nq, Zvn‡j wK ai‡bi DcKvi †c‡q‡Qb?
4.3.10 civgk© e¨envibv Ki‡j ‡Kb K‡ibwb? (cieZ©x
†Uwe‡j hvb)
4.3.11 Avcwb wm‡j†Kb hvbbv?
4.11 K…lK cÖwk¶Y
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ DËi DËi ‡KvW
4.3.17 Avcwb wK wmAvBwR Aax‡b
‡Kvb cÖwk¶Y †c‡q‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
(bv n‡j 15 bs c«‡kœ hvb)
4.3.18 hw` nu¨v nq, cÖwk¶‡Yi welqe¯‘
wK wQj? (we¯ZvwiZ D‡jøL Kiæb)
4.3.19 Avcwb wK g‡b K‡ib cÖwk¶‡Y
Avcbvi Pvlvev‡`i Ávb e„w×
nu¨v=1, bv=2
131
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ DËi DËi ‡KvW
†c‡q‡Q?
4.3.20 Avcwb wK cÖwk¶Y Abyhvqx
†Kvb KvR K‡i‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
bv n‡j 4.4.15 bs c«‡kœ hvb
4.3.21 hw` nu¨v n‡j wK wK K‡i‡Qb?
4.3.22 G¸‡jvi d‡j DcKvi †c‡q‡Qb wK? nu¨v=1, bv=2
bv n‡j 10 bs c«‡kœ hvb
4.3.23 nu¨v n‡j wK iK‡gi DcKvi
†c‡q‡Qb?
Lye fvj=1, fvj=2,
†gvUvgywU/G‡Kev‡iB bv=3
4.3.24 DËi 1/2 n‡j, DcKvi¸‡jv wK wK?
4.3.25 DËi 3 n‡j, ‡Kb?
4.3.26 Avcbvi cÖwk¶Y jä Ávb wbR
Lvgv‡i fwel¨‡ZI cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z
Pvb wK?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.3.27 bv n‡j †Kb?
4.3.28 c«wk¶b ‡Kv_vq n‡q‡Q?
4.3.29 c«wk¶b Kq w`‡bi?
4.3.30 Hmg‡q fvZv ‡c‡q‡Qb wK? nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.3.31 4.3.4bs-GiDËibv n‡j,‡Kb c«‡qvM
K‡ibwb?
4.3.32 Gb G wU wc Qvov Ab¨ ‡Kvb
c«wk¶‡b wM‡q‡Qb wK?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.12 cÖ`k©bx
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ DËi DËi ‡KvW
4.4.12 Avcwb wK wmAvBwR Aax‡b
‡Kvb cÖ`k©bx‡Z Ask wb‡q‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
(bv n‡j cieZ©x †Uwe‡j hvb)
4.4.13 hw` nu¨v nq, cÖ`k©bxi welqe¯‘
wK wQj? (we¯ZvwiZ D‡jøL Kiæb)
4.4.14 Avcwb wK g‡b K‡ib cÖ`k©bx‡Z
Avcbvi Pvl msµvš— Ávb e„w×
†c‡q‡Q?
nu¨v =1, bv=2
4.4.15 Avcwb wK cÖ`k©bx Abyhvqx
†Kvb KvR K‡i‡Qb?
nu¨v =1, bv=2
bv n‡j 4.5.11 bs c«‡kœ hvb
4.4.16 hw` nu¨v n‡j wK wK K‡i‡Qb?
4.4.17 G¸‡jvi d‡j DcKvi †c‡q‡Qb wK? nu¨v =1, bv=2
bv n‡j 4.5.10 bs c«‡kœ hvb
4.4.18 nu¨v n‡j wK iK‡gi DcKvi
†c‡q‡Qb?
Lye fvj=1, fvj=2,
†gvUvgywU/G‡Kev‡iB bv=3
132
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ DËi DËi ‡KvW
4.4.19 DËi 1/2 n‡j, DcKvi¸‡jv wK wK?
4.4.20 DËi 3 n‡j, ‡Kb?
4.4.21 Avcbvi cÖ`k©bx jä Ávb wbR
Lvgv‡i fwel¨‡ZI cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z
Pvb wK?
nu¨v =1, bv=2
4.4.22 4.5.4bs DËibv n‡j,‡Kb c«‡qvM
K‡ibwb?
4.13 gvV w`em
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ DËi DËi ‡KvW
4.5.13 Avcwb wK wmAvBwR Aax‡b
‡Kvb gvV w`e‡m Ask wb‡q‡Qb?
nu¨v =1, bv=2
(bv n‡j cieZ©x †Uwe‡j hvb)
4.5.14 hw` nu¨v nq, gvV w`e‡mi welqe¯‘
wK wQj? (we¯ZvwiZ D‡jøL Kiæb)
4.5.15 Avcwb wK g‡b K‡ib gvV w`e‡m
Avcbvi Ávb e„w× †c‡q‡Q?
nu¨v =1, bv=2
4.5.16 Avcwb wK gvV w`e‡mi wk¶v
Abyhvqx †Kvb KvR K‡i‡Qb?
nu¨v =1, bv=2
bv n‡j 4.6.12 bs c«‡kœ hvb
4.5.17 hw` nu¨v n‡j wK wK K‡i‡Qb?
4.5.18 G¸‡jvi d‡j DcKvi †c‡q‡Qb wK? nu¨v =1, bv=2
bv n‡j 4.6.10 bs c«‡kœ hvb
4.5.19 nu¨v n‡j wK iK‡gi DcKvi
†c‡q‡Qb?
Lye fvj=1, fvj=2,
†gvUvgywU/G‡Kev‡iB bv=3
4.5.20 DËi 1/2 n‡j, DcKvi¸‡jv wK wK?
4.5.21 DËi 3 n‡j, ‡Kb?
4.5.22 Avcbvi gvV w`e‡mi Ávb wbR
Lvgv‡i fwel¨‡ZI cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z
Pvb wK?
n¨uv=1, bv=2
4.5.23 bv n‡j †Kb?
4.5.24 4.5.4bs DËibv n‡j,‡Kb c«‡qvM
K‡ibwb?
4.14 K…wl †gjv
133
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ DËi DËi ‡KvW
4.6.13 Avcwb wK wmAvBwR Aax‡b
‡Kvb K…wl †gjvq Ask wb‡q‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
(bv n‡j cieZ©x †Uwe‡j hvb)
4.6.14 hw` nu¨v nq, K…wl †gjvi welqe¯‘
wK wQj? (we¯ZvwiZ D‡jøL Kiæb)
4.6.15 Avcwb wK g‡b K‡ib ‡gjvq Avcbvi
Ávb e„w× †c‡q‡Q?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.6.16 Avcwb wK ‡gjvi wk¶v Abyhvqx
†Kvb KvR K‡i‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
bv n‡j 4.7.12 bs c«‡kœ hvb
4.6.17 hw` nu¨v n‡j wK wK K‡i‡Qb?
4.6.18 G¸‡jvi d‡j DcKvi †c‡q‡Qb wK? nu¨v=1, bv=2
bv n‡j 4.7.10 bs c«‡kœ hvb
4.6.19 nu¨v n‡j wK iK‡gi DcKvi
†c‡q‡Qb?
Lye fvj=1, fvj=2,
†gvUvgywU/G‡Kev‡iB bv=3
4.6.20 DËi 1/2 n‡j, DcKvi¸‡jv wK wK?
4.6.21 DËi 3 n‡j, ‡Kb?
4.6.22 Avcbvi ‡gjvi Ávb wbR Lvgv‡i
fwel¨‡ZI cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z Pvb wK?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.6.23 bv n‡j †Kb?
4.6.24 4.6.4bs DËibv n‡j,‡Kb c«‡qvM
K‡ibwb?
4.15 Drcv`bKvix ms¯’vi (Producers Organization -PO) Kg©myPx
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ DËi DËi ‡KvW
4.7.11 Avcbvi GjvKvi Drcv`bKvix ms¯’v Av‡Q
wK?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
(bv n‡j cieZ©x †Uwe‡j
hvb)
4.7.12 Drcv`bKvix ms¯’vq Kviv Av‡Q? eo Pvlx=1, gvSvwi
Pvlx=2,
†QvU/cÖvwšÍK Pvlx=3
4.7.13 Avcwb wK Drcv`bKvix ms¯’vi (PO) m`m¨? nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.7.14 hw` nu¨v nq, KLb †_‡K?
4.7.15 ZLb †_‡K KZwU mfv n‡q‡Q?
4.7.16 ‡Kv_vq n‡q‡Q?
4.7.17 KZwU mfv nIqvi K_v wQj?
4.7.18 Drcv`bKvix ms¯’vi (PO) wK Kv‡Ri †Kvb
cwiKíbv Av‡Q?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.7.19 hw` nu¨v nq, Zvn‡j Drcv`bKvix ms¯’v (PO)
Avcbvi wK Kv‡R G‡m‡Q?
4.7.20 Ab¨‡`i wK Kv‡R G‡m‡Q?
134
5. Mvfxcvjb
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ DËi
5.1 Mvfx cvj‡bi msL¨v msL
¨v
`vg
(UvKv)
msL¨
v
`vg
(UvKv)
eZ©gvb ¯’vb
xq
µmeªxW
wm AvB
wR †Z
†hvM`v‡bi
mgq
¯’vb
xq
µmeªxW
5.2 ¯^v¯’¨ e¨e¯’vcbv (cwi¯‹vi
cwi”QbœZv I Av‡jv
evZvm PjvP‡ji e¨e¯’v)
eZ©gvb nu¨v=1, bv=2
wm AvB wR
†Z
†hvM`v‡bi
mgq
5.3 mgq g‡Zv wUKv cÖ`vb
Kiv nq wKbv?
eZ©gvb nu¨v=1, bv=2
wm AvB wR
†Z
†hvM`v‡bi
mgq
5.4 mgq g‡Zv K…wgbvkK
LvIqv‡bv nq wKbv?
eZ©gvb nu¨v=1, bv=2
wm AvB wR
†Z
†hvM`v‡bi
mgq
5.5 cvjb c×wZ (÷jwdwWs=1,
Pov‡bv=2, Dfq=3)
eZ©gvb nu¨v=1, bv=2
wm AvB wR
†Z
†hvM`v‡bi
mgq
5.6 f~wm/ ‰Lj RvZxq
Lvevi(†KwR/cÖwZMvfx/
cÖwZw`b)
eZ©gvb ¯’vbxq µmeªx
W
wm AvB wR
†Z
†hvM`v‡bi
mgq
¯’vbxq µmeªx
W
5.7 meyR Nvm
mievin(†KwR/cÖwZMvfx
/cÖwZw`b)
eZ©gvb ¯’vbxq µmeªx
W
wm AvB wR
†Z
†hvM`v‡bi
¯’vbxq µmeªx
W
135
mgq
5.8 meyR Nv‡mi Drm
eZ©gvb †KvW:wbR †¶Z=1, evRvi=2,¯’vbxq
fv‡e msMÖn=3,Ab¨vb¨=4 wm AvB wR
†Z
†hvM`v‡bi
mgq
5.9 Lv`¨t BDwiqv gjv‡mm ÷ª/
BDwiqv wUª‡UW ÷ª
(†KwR/cÖwZMvfx/cÖwZ
w`b)
eZ©gvb ¯’vbxq µmeªx
W
wm AvB wR
†Z
†hvM`v‡bi
mgq
¯’vbxq µmeªx
W
5.10 Drcv`b LiP(UvKv) ¯’vbxq µmeªxW
g~j¨
ZvwjK
v
msL¨
v
cvj‡bi
mgqmxg
v
‡gvU
g~j¨
(UvKv)
g~j¨
Zvwj
Kv
msL
¨v
cvj‡bi
mgqm
xgv
‡gvU
g~j¨
(UvKv)
µq g~j¨ (UvKv/Mvfx)
meyR Nv‡mi LiP
(†KwR/cÖwZMvfx/cÖwZ
w`b)
f~wm/‰Lj RvZxq
LiP(†KwR/cÖwZMvfx/cÖ
wZw`b)
wUKv Ges Ily‡ai LiP
(UvKv/Mvfx)
K…wgbvk‡Ki LiP(†gvU)
5.11 M‡o `ya Drcv`b (wjUvi/
cÖwZMvfx/cÖwZw`b)
eZ©gvb ¯’vbxq µmeªxW
wm AvB wR
†Z †hvM`v‡bi
mgq
¯’vbxq µmeªxW
5.12 eQ‡i M‡o KZw`b `ya cvb
(w`b)
eZ©gvb ¯’vbxq µmeªxW
wm AvB wR
†Z †hvM`v‡bi
mgq
¯’vbxq µmeªxW
5.13 wb‡Riv Lvq (wjUvi/w`b) eZ©gvb
wm AvB wR
†Z †hvM`v‡bi
mgq
5.14 M‡o `y‡ai weµq g~j¨
(UvKv/wjUvi)
eZ©gvb
wm AvB wR
†Z †hvM`v‡bi
mgq
5.15 M‡o cÖwZwU
Mvfx/lvo/eKbv-Gi weµq
g~j¨ (UvKv)
eZ©gvb ¯’vbxq µmeªxW
wm AvB wR
†Z †hvM`v‡bi
mgq
¯’vbxq µmeªxW
5.16 ‡gvU jvf
¯’vbxq µmeªxW
136
5.17 ‡Mve‡ii e¨envi eZ©gvb R¡vjvbx=1, ev‡qvM¨vm=2, mvi=3,
mKj=4, weµx= 5, wKQyB bv=6 wm AvB wR
†Z †hvM`v‡bi
mgq
5.18 MZ eQi KZ msL¨K Mevw` cï †iv‡M AvµvšÍ n‡q‡Q?
5.19 MZ eQi KZ msL¨K Mevw` cï †iv‡M AvµvšÍ n‡q gviv
wMqv‡Q?
5.20 Avcbvi K_v ï‡b wK Ab¨ †Kvb K…lK GB cÖhyw³ MÖnb
K‡i‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
5.21 nu¨v n‡j KZRb?
6. Miæ‡gvUvZvRvKiY
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ DËi
6.1 †gvUvZvRvKiY
Miæi msL¨v
msL
¨v
`vg
(UvK
v)
msL¨v `vg (UvKv)
eZ©gvb ¯’vbxq µmeªxW
wm AvB wR †Z
†hvM`v‡bi mgq
¯’vbxq µmeªxW
6.2 e¨vP/eQi (msL¨v) eZ©gvb wm AvB wR †Z
†hvM`v‡bi mgq
6.3 cvj‡bi mgqmxgv (gvm) eZ©gvb wm AvB wR †Z
†hvM`v‡bi mgq
6.4 Drme Dcjঠcvjb Kiv nq
wKbv?
eZ©gvb nu¨v=1, bv=2
wm AvB wR †Z
†hvM`v‡bi mgq
6.5 wba©vwiZ Ni Ges
cq:wb¯‹vmb e¨e¯’v Av‡Q
wKbv?
eZ©gvb nu¨v=1, bv=2
wm AvB wR †Z
†hvM`v‡bi mgq
6.6 wba©vwiZ wUKv ‡`Iqv nq
wKbv?
eZ©gvb nu¨v=1, bv=2
wm AvB wR †Z
†hvM`v‡bi mgq
6.7 wba©vwiZ K…wgbvkK
LvIqv‡bv nq wKbv?
eZ©gvb nu¨v=1, bv=2
wm AvB wR †Z
†hvM`v‡bi mgq
6.8 f~wm/ ‰Lj RvZxq
Lvevi(†KwR/cÖwZMvfx/c
ÖwZw`b)
eZ©gvb ¯’vbxq µmeªx
W
wm AvB wR †Z
†hvM`v‡bi mgq
¯’vbxq µmeªx
W
6.9 meyR Nvm
mievin(†KwR/cÖwZMvfx/
cÖwZw`b)
eZ©gvb ¯’vbxq µmeªx
W
wm AvB wR †Z ¯’vbxq µmeªx
137
†hvM`v‡bi mgq W
6.10 meyR Nv‡mi Drm
eZ©gvb †KvW:wbR †¶Z=1, evRvi=2, ¯’vbxq
fv‡e msMÖn=3,Ab¨vb¨=4
wm AvB wR †Z
†hvM`v‡bi mgq
6.11 Lv`¨t BDwiqv gjv‡mm ÷ª/
BDwiqv wUª‡UW ÷ª
(†KwR/cÖwZMvfx/cÖwZ
w`b)
eZ©gvb ¯’vbxq µmeªx
W
wm AvB wR †Z
†hvM`v‡bi mgq
¯’vbxq µmeªx
W
6.12 cvj‡bi mgqmxgv
(gvm)
eZ©gvb ¯’vbxq µmeªx
W
wm AvB wR †Z
†hvM`v‡bi mgq
¯’vbxq µmeªx
W
6.13 Drcv`b LiP(UvKv) ¯’vbxq µmeªxW
g~j¨
Zvwj
Kv
msL¨
v
cvj‡bi
mgqmxg
v
‡gvU
g~j¨
(UvKv)
g~j¨
Zvwj
Kv
msL
¨v
cvj‡bi
mgqm
xgv
‡gvU
g~j¨
(UvKv)
µq g~j¨ (UvKv/Mvfx)
meyR Nv‡mi LiP
(†KwR/cÖwZMvfx/cÖwZ
w`b)
f~wm/‰Lj RvZxq
LiP(†KwR/cÖwZMvfx/cÖ
wZw`b)
wUKv Ges Ily‡ai LiP
(UvKv/Mvfx)
K…wgbvk‡Ki LiP(†gvU)
6.14 Miæi weµq g~j¨(UvKv)
eZ©gvb ¯’vbxq µmeªxW
wm AvB wR
†Z †hvM`v‡bi
mgq
¯’vbxq µmeªxW
6.15 MZ eQi KZ msL¨K Mevw` cï †iv‡M AvµvšÍ n‡q‡Q?
6.16 MZ eQi KZ msL¨K Mevw` cï †iv‡M AvµvšÍ n‡q gviv
wMqv‡Q?
6.17 Avcbvi K_v ï‡b wK Ab¨ †Kvb K…lK GB cÖhyw³ MÖnb
K‡i‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
6.18 nu¨v n‡j KZRb?
Z_¨ msM«nKvixi bvg :
___________________
¯^v¶i
138
“b¨vkbvj GwMÖKvjPvivj †UK‡bvjwR cÖ‡R± (GbGwUwc)†dR -1” Gi c«fve g~j¨vqb
evsjv‡`k Dbœqb M‡elbv c«wZôvb (weAvBwWGm)
B-17, AvMviMuvI, ‡k‡i evsjv bMi, XvKv
Lvbv Rixc cÖkœgvjv
cÖhyw³:Kv‡c©i cwjKvjPvi (grm¨ wefvM) 1. DËi`vZvi cwiwPwZ
1.1 DËi`vZvi bvg:
1.2 †gvevBj bv¤^vi:
1.3 K…l‡Ki aib: †KvW:wm AvB wR m`m¨=1,bb -wm AvB wR
m`m¨ =2
1.4 wm AvB wR †Z †hvM`v‡bi eQi:
1.5 Lvbvi †jv‡Kkb
MÖvg: Dc‡Rjv:
BDwbqb: ‡Rjv:
1.6 ag©: gymjgvb= 1, wn›`y=2, L„óvb=3, †eŠ×=4, Ab¨vb¨
(D‡jøLKiæb)=5
1.7 Lvbvi aib:GKK cwievi=1,†hŠ_ cwievi (evev-gv I weevwnZ
mšÍvb)=2, ewa©Z cwievi (GKvwaK cwievi)=3
2. Lvbvi m`m¨ m¤úwK©Z Z_¨
139
µwgK
bs bvg
Lvbv
cÖav‡bi
mv‡_
m¤úK©
(†KvW)
wj½
cyiæl=1,
gwnjv=2
eqm
(ermi)
wk¶vMZ
†hvM¨Zv
(†KvW)
‡ckv (†KvW)
cÖavb AcÖavb
2.1 Lvbv cÖavb
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
†KvW: Lvbv cÖav‡bi
mv‡_ m¤úK© Lvbv cÖavvb=1,¯^vgx/¯¿x=2,cyÎ/Kb¨v=3,evev/gv=4,fvB/†evb=5,cyÎeay/RvgvZvv=6,bvZx/bvZwb=7,
k¦ïi/kvïox=8, `v`v/`v`x/bvbv/bvwb=9, Ab¨vb¨=10 (D‡jøL Kiæb)
wk¶vMZ
†hvM¨Zv
(me©‡kl
†kÖYx)
wbi¶i=0, DËxY© †kªYx=01-10, GmGmwm Gi Dci =11, gv`«vmv =17,wjL‡Z I co‡Z cv‡i=20
‡ckv (cÖavb=
eQ‡ii
AwaKvsk mgq
e¨q K‡i)
K…lK (km¨)=1, K…wl kªwgK=2, w`bgRyi=3, grm¨Rxwe=4, Mevw` cï Drcv`b=5, grm¨Drcv`b=6 ,`ya
e¨emvqx=7, gvsm e¨emvqx=8,meRx e¨emvqx=9,†`vKvb`vi=10, e¨emvqx(Ab¨vb¨)=11,
PvKzixwRex=12,KzwUiwkí=13,`¶kªwgK (K©gKvi/gywP/KvV
wg¯¿x/B‡jKwUªwmqvb/†gKvwbK/`wR© BZ¨vw`)=14, M„neay=15, wi·v/f¨vb
PvjK=16,†bŠKvPvjK=17,AemicÖvß=18, QvÎ=19,‡eKvi=20,e„×/A¶g=21, wkï=22, Ab¨vb¨=23
3. Lvbvi Av_©-mvgvwRK Z_¨vejx
3.1. Rwgi gvwjKvbv I Rwg Pvlvev‡`i Z_¨ (cËb/jxR/eM©v MZ GK eQ‡ii wnmve, ˆekvL †_‡K
ˆPÎ 1420)
µwgK bs weeib wm AvB wR †Z †hvM`v‡bi mgq (kZvsk)
eZ©gv‡b (kZvsk)
3.1.1 emZ wfUv (wbR¯^)
3.1.2 emZ wfUv (fvov)
3.1.3 wbR¯^ Avev`/Pvl‡hvM¨
Rwg
3.1.4 D`¨vb/evMvb
3.1.5 Rjvkq(cyKzi, †Wvev,
bvjv)
3.1.6 cËb/wjR †bqv
3.1.7 cËb/wjR †`qv
3.1.8 eMv© †bqv
3.1.9 eMv© †`qv
3.1.10 fvov †bqv
3.1.11 fvov †`qv
3.1.12 eÜK †`qv
3.1.13 eÜK †bqv
3.1.14 Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøL Kiæb)
140
3.2. emev‡mi Z_¨
µwgK
bs weeib
wm AvB wR
†Z †hvM`v‡bi
mgq eZ©gv‡b ‡KvW
3.2.1 emev‡mi N‡ii
gvwjKvbv
wb‡Ri=1, fvov=2, Ab¨vb¨=3
3.2.2 emev‡mi N‡ii wbgv©b
KvVv‡gv
Szcox=1, No/wUb/cvKv=2,
wUb/Uvwj=3, Avav cvKv=4,
cvKv=5, Ab¨vb¨=6
3.2.3 Lvevi cvwbi Drm bjK~c=1, Kzqv=2, cyKzi=3,
b`x/Lvj=4, Ab¨vb¨ (wbw`©ó
Kiæb)=5
3.2.4 e¨eüZ cvqLvbvi aiY ‡mcwUK U¨vsK/¯j¨ve ‡jwUªb=1,
MZ© cvqLvbv=2, Szjš—
cvqLvbv=3, †Lvjv
RvqMv/†SvcSvo=4,Ab¨vb¨
(wbw`©ó Kiæb)=5
3.2.5 evwoi Av‡jvi Drm we`y¨r=1, nvwi‡Kb=2,
†gvgevwZ=3, †mŠiwe`yr=4,
ev‡qvM¨vm=5, Ab¨vb¨ (wbw`©ó
Kiæb)=6
3.3. m¤úwËi weeiY
µwgK
bs m¤ú`
wm AvB
wR †Z
†hvM`v‡bi
mgq(msL¨v)
eZ©gv‡b
µwgK
bs m¤ú`
wm AvB
wR †Z
†hvM`v‡bi
mgq(msL¨v)
eZ©gv‡b
msL¨v
eZ©gvb
g~j¨
(UvKv)
msL¨v
eZ©gvb
g~j¨
(UvKv)
3.3.19 ̀y‡aj Mvfx 3.3.10 A‡Uv/†ewe†Uw·
3.3.20 W«vB Mvfx 3.3.11 †`vKvb
3.3.21 lvo/ ej` 3.3.12 AvmevecÎ
3.3.22 QvMj/†fov 3.3.13 MvQMvQvwj
3.3.23 ‡gviM/gyiMx 3.3.14 wiK&ªv/f¨vbMvwo
3.3.24 nvum 3.3.15 ‡gvUimvB‡Kj
3.3.25 gvQ aivi Rvj 3.3.16 evBmvB‡Kj
3.3.26 ‡bŠKv 3.3.17
3.3.27 BwÄb
†bŠKv
3.3.18
3.4. Lvbvi K…wl hš¿cvwZ
µwgK
bs m¤ú`
wm AvB wR †Z †hvM`v‡bi
mgq eZ©gv‡b
msL¨v ‡hŠ_/e¨w³MZ
‡hŠ_=1
e¨w³MZ=2
msL¨v
eZ©gvb
g~j¨
(UvKv)
‡hŠ_/e¨w³MZ
‡hŠ_=1
e¨w³MZ=2
141
3.4.23 Mfxi
bjK~c(wW‡Rj)
3.4.24 Mfxi bjK~c
(we`y¨Z)
3.4.25 AMfxi
bjK~c(wW‡Rj)
3.4.26 AMfxi bjK~c
(we`y¨Z)
3.4.27 ‡¯cÖ‡gwkb
3.4.28 cvIqvi wUªjvi
3.4.29 cvIqvi cv¤ú
(wW‡Rj)
3.4.30 cvIqvi cv¤ú
(we`y¨Z)
3.4.31 n¯ÍPvwjZ bjKzc
3.4.32 †cWvj †_ªmvi
3.4.33 Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøL
Kiæb)
3.5. wewfbœ ‡bZ…¯’vbxq e¨w³eM©/cÖwZôvb-Gi mv‡_ m¤úK©
µwgK bs ‡bZ…¯’vbxq e¨w³eM©/cÖwZôvb ‡KvW
3.5.1 ivR‰bwZK `j
3.5.2 wbe©vwPZ c«wZwbwa
3.5.3 K…wl Awdmvi
3.5.4 ¯’vbxq c«kvmb
3.5.5 cyywjk
3.5.6 Ab¨vb¨
‡KvWtcwiev‡ii m`m¨=1, wbKU AvZ¥xq=2, cvwievwiK eÜy (Aby‡iva iv‡L)=3,
‡gvUvgywU Rvbv‡kvbv =4, ‡Kvb m¤úK© ‡bB=5, Ab¨vb¨(D‡jøL Kiæb)=6
3.5.7 Avcbvi cwiev‡ii Ab¨ †Kvb m`m¨ wK wmAvBwR-Gi
m`m¨ wKbv?
nu¨v=1,
bv=2
3.5.8 DËi nu¨v n‡j KZRb?
3.6. ‡fvMK…Z Lv`¨ (mvßvwnK)
µwgK bs Lv‡`¨i bvg
MZ 7 w`‡b †fvMK„Z
Lv‡`¨i cwigvb (†KwR/wjUvi/
msL¨v)
wbR Drcv`b n‡Z †fvM
(†KwR/wjUvi/ msL¨v)
evRvi n‡Z µ‡qi cwigvb
(†KwR/wjUvi/msL¨v)
GKK cÖwZ evRvi g~j¨
(UvKv/GKK)
MZ mvZw`‡
b KZ‡ejv ‡L‡q‡Q
b?
3.6.39 Pvj (†KwR)
3.6.40 AvUv/gq`v (†KwR)
3.6.41 Wvj (†KwR)
3.6.42 gywo/‰L (†KwR)
3.6.43 wPov (†KwR)
3.6.44 ‡fvR¨ †Zj (wjUvi)
3.6.45 wN (†KwR)
3.6.46 kvK (†KwR)
142
3.6.47 mewR (†KwR)
3.6.48 Miæi gvsm
(†KwR)
3.6.49 gyiMxi gvsm
(†KwR)
3.6.50 Lvmxi gvsm
(†KwR)
3.6.51 eo gvQ (†KwR)
3.6.52 †QvU gvQ
(†KwR)
3.6.53 wWg (msL¨v)
3.6.54 `ya(wjUvi)
3.6.55 dj (†KwR)
3.6.56 Ab¨vb¨1
(D‡jøL Kiæb)
3.6.57 Ab¨vb¨2
(D‡jøL Kiæb)
3.7. Lv`¨ wbivcËv
µwgK bs cÖkœ wm AvB wR †Z
†hvM`v‡bi mgq
eZ©gv‡b
3.7.21 Avcbvi cwievi m`m¨iv eQie¨wc ch©vß Lvevi †L‡Z cvb wK? nu¨v=1, bv=2 nu¨v n‡j 3.8 G hvb
3.7.22 bv n‡j, eQ‡i M‡o KZ gvm ch©vß Lvevi ‡L‡Z cvb?
3.7.23 eQ‡i KZ gvm Avcwb ev Avcbvi Lvbvi †Kvb m`m¨‡`i
h‡_ó Lvevi cvb bv?
3.7.24 ‡h gvm¸‡jv‡Z ch©vß Lvevi cvb bv, †mUv wK
gvme¨vwc? bvwK gv‡mi K‡qKwU w`b?
cy‡iv cy‡iv
AvswkK AvswkK
3.7.25 AvswkK n‡j, gv‡m M‡o KZw`b ch©vß Lvevi cvbbv?
3.7.26 ‡m mgq cwiev‡ii †Kvb m`m¨ ch©vß Lvq? †K Kg Lvq?
‡KvW: c~Y© eq®‹ cyiæl=1, c~Y© eq®‹ bvix=2, e„× (65
eQ‡ii D‡×©)=3, e„×v (65 eQ‡ii D‡×©)=4, Mf©eZx
bvix=5, wkïi gv=6, ‡Q‡j wkï=7, ‡g‡q wkï=8, ‡Q‡j
mšÍvb=9, ‡g‡q mšÍvb =10
wkï: 5 eQ‡ii bx‡P; mšÍvb: 6-10 eQi
Kg
Lvq
ch©vß
Lvq
3.7.27 Avcbvi cwiev‡i me©‡kl KZw`b Av‡M gvsm LvIqv n‡qwQj?
3.7.28 Avcbvi cwiev‡i me©‡kl KZw`b Av‡M gvQ LvIqv n‡qwQj?
3.7.29 Avcbvi cwiev‡i me©‡kl KZw`b Av‡M `ya LvIqv n‡qwQj?
3.7.30 Avcbvi cwiev‡i wkïiv me©‡kl KZw`b Av‡M `ya ‡L‡qwQj?
3.8. Lvbvi Avq (UvKvq) (MZ GK erm‡ii)
3.8.7 MZ GK eQ‡i K…wlKvR n‡Z Avq
µwgK Drcv`bk †gvU wb‡ weµ Mo weµq Drcv`b e¨q (†gvU UvKv)
143
bs xj
Kg©Kv
Û/
Av‡qi
Drm
Drcv
`b
(†Kw
R)
Ri
LvIq
v
(†K
wR)
q
(†K
wR)
g~j¨
(UvKv/†Kw
R) ex
R
m
vi
cv
wb
nv
j
P
vl
fvo
v
kªw
gK
KxUb
vkK
gvovB
3.8.1.29 †ivcv
Avgb
3.8.1.30 †evbv
Avgb
3.8.1.31 ‡ev‡iv
3.8.1.32 AvDk
3.8.1.33 Mg
3.8.1.34 mwilv
3.8.1.35 gïwi
3.8.1.36 U‡g‡Uv
3.8.1.37 †e¸b
3.8.1.38 kmv
3.8.1.39 Avg
3.8.1.40 wjPz
3.8.1.41
3.8.1.42
‡bvU: hw` Gi †¶‡Î wbR¯^/‡hŠ_ gvwjKbvaxb †gwkb nq Z‡e cvwbi LiP ej‡Z ‡Kej wbR Pv‡li Rb¨ KZ e¨q n‡q‡Q Zvi wnmve wb‡Z n‡e|
3.8.8 Ab¨vb¨ K…wl-Kg©KvÛ n‡Z Avq
µwgK
bs
Kg©KvÛ MZ GK eQ‡i †gvU Avq
(UvKv)
3.8.2.13 `ya weµq
3.8.2.14 Mevw` cï weµq
3.8.2.15 nuvm-gyiMx weµq
3.8.2.16 grm¨ Pvl/ gvQ aiv / †cvbv aiv
3.8.2.17 Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøL Kiæb)
3.8.2.18 Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøL Kiæb)
3.8.9 A-K…wl Drm n‡Z Lvbvi †gvU evwl©K Avq (MÖm Avq)
µwgK
bs
Kg©KvÛ MZ GK eQ‡i †gvU
Avq (UvKv)
3.8.3.35 e¨emv
3.8.3.36 PvKzix
3.8.3.37 Lvbv wfwËK Avq-DcvR©bkxj Kg©KvÛ(†mjvB, euvk I †e‡Zi
KvR, BZ¨vw`)
3.8.3.38 K…wl gRyi
3.8.3.39 AK…wl gRyi
3.8.3.40 wi·v/f¨vb/†VjvMvwo Pvjv‡bv
3.8.3.41 fvov n‡Z cÖvß (evwo, hš¿cvwZ, cwienb hš¿ fvov BZ¨vw`)
3.8.3.42 wfwRwW, wfwRGd, e„× fvZv, weaev fvZv, gyw³‡hv×v fvZv,
n‡Z cÖvß
144
3.8.3.43 †cbkb cÖvwß
3.8.3.44 AvZ¥xq¯^Rb/eÜzevÜe †_‡K cÖvß A_©
3.8.3.45 M„n kªwgK
3.8.3.46 KvV wewµ
3.8.3.47 †iwgU¨vÝ (we‡`k †_‡K cvVv‡bv UvKv)
3.8.3.48 †iwgU¨vÝ (‡`‡ki wfZi †_‡K cvVv‡bv UvKv, hv Dc‡ii †Kvb
Dr‡m D‡jøwLZ nqwb)
3.8.3.49 Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøL Kiæb)
3.8.3.50 Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøL Kiæb)
3.8.3.51 Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøL Kiæb)
3.9. Lvbvi e¨q (UvKvq)
3.9.5 gvwmK e¨q (UvKvq)
µwgK bs e¨‡qi LvZmg~n e¨q (UvKv)
3.9.1.13 we`y¨r wej
3.9.1.14 R¡vjvbx LiP (jvKwo/M¨vm/GjwcwR)
3.9.1.15 evwo fvov
3.9.1.16 hvZvqvZ LiP
3.9.1.17 †gvevBj LiP
3.9.1.18 aygcvb LiP
3.9.6 evrmwiKe¨q (UvKvq)
µwgK bs e¨‡qi LvZmg~n e¨q (UvKv)
3.9.2.21 †cvkvK/e¯¿,cÖmvabx BZ¨vw`
3.9.2.22 evmbcÎ AvmeveBZ¨vw`
3.9.2.23 F‡Yi wKw¯— cwi‡kva (evrmwiK)
3.9.2.24 ‡givgZ LiP (M„n i¶Yv‡e¶Y,e¨envh©
wRwbm BZ¨vw`)
3.9.2.25 ag©xq Drme
3.9.2.26 †Q‡j-‡g‡qi †jLvcov
3.9.2.27 ¯^v¯’¨/wPwKrmv
3.9.2.28 gvgjv msµvš—
3.9.2.29 mvgvwRK LiP (weevn, gymjgvbx BZ¨vw`)
3.9.2.30 Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøLKiæb)
3.10. Lvbvi mÂq I avi cÖ`vb msµvšÍ Z_¨vejx
µwgK
bs
wm AvB wR †Z †hvM`v‡bi mgq
eZ©gv‡b
3.10.9 Avcwb wK wbqwgZ mÂq K‡ib? (nu¨v=1,
bv=2)
3.10.10 DËi nu¨v n‡j Lvbvi evwl©K m‡qi cwigvb
(UvKv):
3.10.11 MZ GK eQ‡i KvD‡K avi w`‡q‡Qb wK?
(nu¨v=1, bv=2)
3.10.12 DËi nu¨v n‡j evwl©K av‡ii cwigvb (UvKv):
3.11. Lvbvi FY msµvšÍ Z_¨vejx
145
3.11.5 MZ GK eQ‡i Avcwb †Kvb avi/‡`bv/FY K‡i‡Qb ev Av‡Mi ‡Kvb FY
Acwi‡kvwaZ wQj wKbv?
nu¨v=1, bv=2 (wUK w`b) (DËi 2 n‡j 3.12-G hvb)
3.11.6 DËi 1 n‡j FY m¤úwK©Z wb‡¤œv³ Z_¨¸‡jv w`b:
µwgK
bs F‡Yi Drm
F‡Yi
cwigvb
(UvKv)
my‡`i
nvi
(kZvsk)
cwi‡kvwaZ
(UvKv)
Acwi‡kvwaZ
F‡Yi cwigvb
(UvKv)
Acwi‡kvwaZ
F‡Yi cwigvb
my` mn bv
my` Qvov?
my` mn=1
my` Qvov=2
wK
Kv‡R
FY
e¨envi
n‡qwQj?
(‡KvW)
3.11.2.19 AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb
3.11.2.20 eÜzevÜe
3.11.2.21 ‡`vKvb`vi/e¨emvqx
3.11.2.22 gnvRb
3.11.2.23 mgevq mwgwZ
3.11.2.24 Ab¨ mwgwZ
3.11.2.25 GbwRI
3.11.2.26 e¨vsK
3.11.2.27 Ab¨vb¨ FY`vbKvix
ms¯’v
‡KvW: wK Kv‡R FY †bIqv n‡qwQj?: e¨emvi Rb¨=1, K…wlKv‡R=2, wPwKrmv=3, Lvbvi †fv‡Mi
Rb¨=4, evmv fvo/µq/Dbœq‡bi Rb¨=5, wk¶v msµvšÍ=6, we‡qi Rb¨=7, †hŠZzK cÖ`vb=8, cyivZb FY
cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨=9, AwaK my‡` FY †`evi Rb¨=10, Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøL Kiæb)=11
3.12. f~wg e¨envi I Drcv`b
wm AvB wR ‡Z ‡hvM`vb Kivi mgq I eZ©gv‡b dmj Pv‡li Z_¨:
µwgK
bs K…wl cY¨
wm AvB wR ‡Z
‡hvM`vb Kivi mgq eZ©gvb
GbGwUwci
Aax‡b
Rwgi
cwigvb f~wg (kZK)
Drcv`b
(‡KwR)
f~wg
(kZK)
Drcv`b
(‡KwR) 3.12.33 †ivcv Avgb 3.12.34 †evbv
Avgb
3.12.35 ‡ev‡iv 3.12.36 AvDk 3.12.37 Mg 3.12.38 mwilv 3.12.39 gïwi 3.12.40 U‡g‡Uv 3.12.41 †e¸b 3.12.42 kmv 3.12.43 Avg 3.12.44 wjPz 3.12.45 Kzj 3.12.46 dzj 3.12.47 3.12.48
146
4. GbGwUwc Kvh©µg m¤úwK©Z Z_¨
4.16 wm AvB wR g~j¨vqb
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ DËi DËi ‡KvW
4.1.31 wm AvB wR ‡Z KZ mv‡j ‡hvM`vb K‡i‡Qb?
4.1.32 wm AvB wR-Gi wK Av‡M Ab¨ †Kvb bvg wQj
(†hgb: IPM)?
4.1.33 hw` _v‡K Avcwb wK Zvi m`m¨ wQ‡jb?
4.1.34 hw` _v‡Kb ‡Kvb mv‡j m`m¨ nb?
4.1.35 wm AvB wR ‡Z ‡Kb ‡hvM`vb K‡i‡Qb?
4.1.36 wm AvB wR ‡Z ‡hvM`vb Kivi c~‡e© ‡Kvb
mgevq ev Ab¨ mwgwZi m`m¨ wQ‡jb wK?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.1.37 eZ©gv‡b K…wl mswkøó Ab¨ ‡Kvb mwgwZi
m`m¨ wK?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.1.38 wm AvB wR m¤ú‡K© Kvi KvQ ‡_‡K ï‡b‡Qb?
4.1.39 Avcwb wK wbqwgZ wm AvB wR mfvq †hvM`vb
K‡ib?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.1.40 Avcwb KZUyKy Rwg‡ZcÖhyw³ e¨envi Ki‡eb ‡m
wel‡q KL‡bv wK Z_¨ ‡bqv n‡qwQj?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.1.41 DËi n¨vu n‡j, ‡Kvb mv‡j Z_¨ †bIqv n‡qwQj?
4.1.42 hZUyKy Rwg‡Z cÖhyw³ e¨envi Ki‡eb e‡j‡Qb
ZZUyKy K‡i‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.1.43 hw` DËi bv nq, ‡Kb K‡ibwb
4.1.44 Avcbvi wmAvBwR ‡Z wK `jxq mÂq ïiæ n‡q‡Q? nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.1.45 DËi n¨vu n‡j,Avcwb wK mÂq ïiæ K‡i‡Qb nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.17 wdqvK (FIAC)-Gi g~j¨vqb
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ Dëi DËi ‡KvW
4.2.23 Avcbvi GjvKvq wK wdqvK Av‡Q? nu¨v=1, bv=2
bv n‡j cieZ©x †Uwe‡j
hvb
4.2.24 hw` nu¨v nq, †Kvb mvj †_‡K A‡Q?
4.2.25 hw` nu¨v nq, Avcwb Pvl m¤úwK©Z †Kvb
mgm¨v n‡j wdqv‡K hvb wK?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
bv n‡j 4.2.11bs c«‡kœ
hvb
4.2.26 wdqvK ¯’vc‡bi ci n‡Z G ch©šÍ †gvU KZevi
wM‡q‡Qb?
4.2.27 wK wK mgm¨vi Rb¨ wM‡qwQ‡jb?
4.2.28 Avcwb wdqvK †_‡K Avcbvi mgm¨vi mgvavb
m¤ú‡K© cÖZ¨vwkZ civgk© †c‡q‡Qb wK?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.2.29 hw` nu¨v nq, Zvn‡j Avcwb wK Avcbvi mgm¨v
mgvav‡b D³ civgk© e¨envi K‡i‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
147
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ Dëi DËi ‡KvW
4.2.30 hw` nu¨v nq, Zvn‡j Avcwb wK D³ civgk©
e¨env‡i DcKvi †c‡q‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.2.31 hw` nu¨v nq, Zvn‡j wK ai‡bi DcKvi †c‡q‡Qb?
4.2.32 civgk© e¨envi bv Ki‡j ‡Kb K‡ibwb? (cieZ©x
†Uwe‡j hvb)
4.2.33 Avcwb wdqv‡K †Kb hvb bv?
4.18 wj‡di (LEAF) -Gi g~j¨vqb
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ Dëi DËi ‡KvW
4.3.1 Avcbvi GjvKvq wK wjdAv‡Q? nu¨v=1, bv=2
bv n‡j cieZ©x †Uwe‡j
hvb
4.3.2 hw` nu¨v nq, †Kvb mvj †_‡K A‡Q?
4.3.3 hw` nu¨v nq, Avcwb Pvl m¤úwK©Z †Kvb mgm¨v n‡j wj‡dhvb wK?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
bv n‡j 4.3.10bs c«‡kœ
hvb
4.3.4 wjd ¯’vc‡bi ci n‡Z G ch©šÍ †gvU KZevi
wM‡q‡Qb?
4.3.5 wK wK mgm¨vi Rb¨ wM‡qwQ‡jb?
4.3.6 Avcwb wdqvK †_‡K Avcbvi mgm¨vi mgvavb m¤ú‡K© cÖZ¨vwkZ civgk© †c‡q‡Qb wK?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.3.7 hw` nu¨v nq, Zvn‡j Avcwb wK Avcbvi mgm¨v
mgvav‡b D³ civgk© e¨envi K‡i‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.3.8 hw` nu¨v nq, Zvn‡j Avcwb wK D³ civgk©
e¨env‡i DcKvi †c‡q‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.3.9 hw` nu¨v nq, Zvn‡j wK ai‡bi DcKvi †c‡q‡Qb?
4.3.10 civgk© e¨envibv Ki‡j ‡Kb K‡ibwb? (cieZ©x
†Uwe‡j hvb)
4.3.11 Avcwb wj‡d †Kb hvbbv?
4.19 K…lK cÖwk¶Y
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ DËi DËi ‡KvW
4.3.33 Avcwb wK wmAvBwR Aax‡b
‡Kvb cÖwk¶Y †c‡q‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
(bv n‡j 15 bs c«‡kœ hvb)
4.3.34 hw` nu¨v nq, cÖwk¶‡Yi welqe¯‘
148
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ DËi DËi ‡KvW
wK wQj? (we¯ZvwiZ D‡jøL Kiæb)
4.3.35 Avcwb wK g‡b K‡ib cÖwk¶‡Y
Avcbvi Pvlvev‡`i Ávb e„w×
†c‡q‡Q?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.3.36 Avcwb wK cÖwk¶Y Abyhvqx
†Kvb KvR K‡i‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
bv n‡j 4.4.15 bs c«‡kœ hvb
4.3.37 hw` nu¨v n‡j wK wK K‡i‡Qb?
4.3.38 G¸‡jvi d‡j DcKvi †c‡q‡Qb wK? nu¨v=1, bv=2
bv n‡j 10 bs c«‡kœ hvb
4.3.39 nu¨v n‡j wK iK‡gi DcKvi
†c‡q‡Qb?
Lye fvj=1, fvj=2,
†gvUvgywU/G‡Kev‡iB bv=3
4.3.40 DËi 1/2 n‡j, DcKvi¸‡jv wK wK?
4.3.41 DËi 3 n‡j, ‡Kb?
4.3.42 Avcbvi cÖwk¶Y jä Ávb wbR
Lvgv‡i fwel¨‡ZI cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z
Pvb wK?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.3.43 bv n‡j †Kb?
4.3.44 c«wk¶b ‡Kv_vq n‡q‡Q?
4.3.45 c«wk¶b Kq w`‡bi?
4.3.46 Hmg‡q fvZv ‡c‡q‡Qb wK? nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.3.47 4.3.4bs-GiDËibv n‡j,‡Kb c«‡qvM
K‡ibwb?
4.3.48 Gb G wU wc Qvov Ab¨ ‡Kvb
c«wk¶‡b wM‡q‡Qb wK?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.20 cÖ`k©bx
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ DËi DËi ‡KvW
4.4.23 Avcwb wK wmAvBwR Aax‡b
‡Kvb cÖ`k©bx‡Z Ask wb‡q‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
(bv n‡j cieZ©x †Uwe‡j hvb)
4.4.24 hw` nu¨v nq, cÖ`k©bxi welqe¯‘
wK wQj? (we¯ZvwiZ D‡jøL Kiæb)
4.4.25 Avcwb wK g‡b K‡ib cÖ`k©bx‡Z
Avcbvi Pvl msµvš— Ávb e„w×
†c‡q‡Q?
nu¨v =1, bv=2
4.4.26 Avcwb wK cÖ`k©bx Abyhvqx
†Kvb KvR K‡i‡Qb?
nu¨v =1, bv=2
bv n‡j 4.5.11 bs c«‡kœ hvb
4.4.27 hw` nu¨v n‡j wK wK K‡i‡Qb?
149
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ DËi DËi ‡KvW
4.4.28 G¸‡jvi d‡j DcKvi †c‡q‡Qb wK? nu¨v =1, bv=2
bv n‡j 4.5.10 bs c«‡kœ hvb
4.4.29 nu¨v n‡j wK iK‡gi DcKvi
†c‡q‡Qb?
Lye fvj=1, fvj=2,
†gvUvgywU/G‡Kev‡iB bv=3
4.4.30 DËi 1/2 n‡j, DcKvi¸‡jv wK wK?
4.4.31 DËi 3 n‡j, ‡Kb?
4.4.32 Avcbvi cÖ`k©bx jä Ávb wbR
Lvgv‡i fwel¨‡ZI cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z
Pvb wK?
nu¨v =1, bv=2
4.4.33 4.5.4bs DËibv n‡j,‡Kb c«‡qvM
K‡ibwb?
4.21 gvV w`em
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ DËi DËi ‡KvW
4.5.25 Avcwb wK wmAvBwR Aax‡b
‡Kvb gvV w`e‡m Ask wb‡q‡Qb?
nu¨v =1, bv=2
(bv n‡j cieZ©x †Uwe‡j hvb)
4.5.26 hw` nu¨v nq, gvV w`e‡mi welqe¯‘
wK wQj? (we¯ZvwiZ D‡jøL Kiæb)
4.5.27 Avcwb wK g‡b K‡ib gvV w`e‡m
Avcbvi Ávb e„w× †c‡q‡Q?
nu¨v =1, bv=2
4.5.28 Avcwb wK gvV w`e‡mi wk¶v
Abyhvqx †Kvb KvR K‡i‡Qb?
nu¨v =1, bv=2
bv n‡j 4.6.12 bs c«‡kœ hvb
4.5.29 hw` nu¨v n‡j wK wK K‡i‡Qb?
4.5.30 G¸‡jvi d‡j DcKvi †c‡q‡Qb wK? nu¨v =1, bv=2
bv n‡j 4.6.10 bs c«‡kœ hvb
4.5.31 nu¨v n‡j wK iK‡gi DcKvi
†c‡q‡Qb?
Lye fvj=1, fvj=2,
†gvUvgywU/G‡Kev‡iB bv=3
4.5.32 DËi 1/2 n‡j, DcKvi¸‡jv wK wK?
4.5.33 DËi 3 n‡j, ‡Kb?
4.5.34 Avcbvi gvV w`e‡mi Ávb wbR
Lvgv‡i fwel¨‡ZI cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z
Pvb wK?
n¨uv=1, bv=2
4.5.35 bv n‡j †Kb?
4.5.36 4.5.4bs DËibv n‡j,‡Kb c«‡qvM
K‡ibwb?
150
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ DËi DËi ‡KvW
4.22 K…wl †gjv
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ DËi DËi ‡KvW
4.6.25 Avcwb wK wmAvBwR Aax‡b
‡Kvb K…wl †gjvq Ask wb‡q‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
(bv n‡j cieZ©x †Uwe‡j hvb)
4.6.26 hw` nu¨v nq, K…wl †gjvi welqe¯‘
wK wQj? (we¯ZvwiZ D‡jøL Kiæb)
4.6.27 Avcwb wK g‡b K‡ib ‡gjvq Avcbvi
Ávb e„w× †c‡q‡Q?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.6.28 Avcwb wK ‡gjvi wk¶v Abyhvqx
†Kvb KvR K‡i‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
bv n‡j 4.7.12 bs c«‡kœ hvb
4.6.29 hw` nu¨v n‡j wK wK K‡i‡Qb?
4.6.30 G¸‡jvi d‡j DcKvi †c‡q‡Qb wK? nu¨v=1, bv=2
bv n‡j 4.7.10 bs c«‡kœ hvb
4.6.31 nu¨v n‡j wK iK‡gi DcKvi
†c‡q‡Qb?
Lye fvj=1, fvj=2,
†gvUvgywU/G‡Kev‡iB bv=3
4.6.32 DËi 1/2 n‡j, DcKvi¸‡jv wK wK?
4.6.33 DËi 3 n‡j, ‡Kb?
4.6.34 Avcbvi ‡gjvi Ávb wbR Lvgv‡i
fwel¨‡ZI cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z Pvb wK?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.6.35 bv n‡j †Kb?
4.6.36 4.6.4bs DËibv n‡j,‡Kb c«‡qvM
K‡ibwb?
4.23 Drcv`bKvix ms¯’vi (Producers Organization -PO) Kg©myPx
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ DËi DËi ‡KvW
4.7.21 Avcbvi GjvKvi Drcv`bKvix ms¯’v Av‡Q
wK?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
(bv n‡j cieZ©x †Uwe‡j
hvb)
4.7.22 Drcv`bKvix ms¯’vq Kviv Av‡Q? eo Pvlx=1, gvSvwi
Pvlx=2,
†QvU/cÖvwšÍK Pvlx=3
4.7.23 Avcwb wK Drcv`bKvix ms¯’vi (PO) m`m¨? nu¨v=1, bv=2
4.7.24 hw` nu¨v nq, KLb †_‡K?
4.7.25 ZLb †_‡K KZwU mfv n‡q‡Q?
4.7.26 ‡Kv_vq n‡q‡Q?
4.7.27 KZwU mfv nIqvi K_v wQj?
4.7.28 Drcv`bKvix ms¯’vi (PO) wK Kv‡Ri †Kvb nu¨v=1, bv=2
151
cwiKíbv Av‡Q?
4.7.29 hw` nu¨v nq, Zvn‡j Drcv`bKvix ms¯’v (PO)
Avcbvi wK Kv‡R G‡m‡Q?
4.7.30 Ab¨‡`i wK Kv‡R G‡m‡Q?
5. Kv‡c©i cwjKvjPvi
µwgK
bs
cÖkœ DËi
5.1 cyKz‡ii msL¨v? eZ©gvb wm AvB wR
†Z
†hvM`v‡bi
mgq
5.2 cyKz‡ii
AvqZb(kZK)?
eZ©gvb wm AvB wR
†Z
†hvM`v‡bi
mgq
5.3 cvwbi
MfxiZv?(dzU)
eZ©gvb el©v
†gŠmyg
ﮋ †gŠmyg
wm AvB
wR †Z
†hvM`v‡bi
mgq
el©v
†gŠmyg
ﮋ †gŠmyg
5.4 Zj‡`‡ki gvwU? evwj=1, ‡`uvAvk=2, Kuv`v=3 5.5 eb¨vi SuywK? SuywK gy³=1, KLbI SuywK=2, me©`v SuywK=3
5.6 m~‡h©i Av‡jvi
cÖvPzh©Zv(N›Uv)?
< 6 N›Uv=1, 6-8 N›Uv =2,>8 N›Uv =3
5.7 cyKz‡i AvMvQv
Av‡Q wK?
eZ©gvb gy³=1, AvswkK gy³=2,
m¤ú~Y© Av”Qvw`Z=3 wm AvB
wR †Z
†hvM`v‡bi
mgq
5.8 iv¶z‡m gvQ aŸsk
Kiv n‡q‡Q wK bv?
eZ©gvb nu¨v=1, bv=2
wm AvB
wR †Z
†hvM`v‡bi
mgq
5.9 hw` nq wKfv‡e? eZ©gvb ïwK‡q=1,
ivmvqwbKfv‡e=2 wm AvB
wR †Z
†hvM`v‡bi
mgq
5.10 iwUb‡ji gvÎv
(MÖvg/kZK/dzU)?
eZ©gvb <25=1, 25-30=2, > 30=3
wm AvB
wR †Z
†hvM`v‡bi
mgq
5.11 Pz‡bi e¨envi n‡q‡Q
wKbv?
eZ©gvb nu¨v=1, bv=2
wm AvB
152
wR †Z
†hvM`v‡bi
mgq
5.12 hw` nq gvÎv
(†KwR/kZK)?
eZ©gvb <1=1, 1.0=2,> 1.0=3
wm AvB
wR †Z
†hvM`v‡bi
mgq
5.13 mv‡ii e¨envi n‡q‡Q
wKbv?
eZ©gvb nu¨v=1, bv=2
wm AvB
wR †Z
†hvM`v‡bi
mgq
5.14 mv‡ii gvÎv? cwigvb `vg (UvKv/ GKK)
‡Mvei (†KwR/ kZK)
K‡¤úv÷(†KwR/ kZK)
BDwiqv(MÖvg/ kZK)
wUGmwc(MÖvg/ kZK) 5.15 ‡cvbv gv‡Qi NbZ¡
(msL¨v/kZK)?
eZ©gvb
<45=1, 45-65=2,>65=3 wm AvB
wR †Z
†hvM`v‡bi
mgq
5.16 Mo Kvc© gv‡Qi
AvKvi
(†mw›UwgUvi)
eZ©gvb
<10=1, 10-12=2, > 12=3 wm AvB
wR †Z
†hvM`v‡bi
mgq
5.17 Mo _vBcywUi
AvKvi
(‡mw›UwgUvi)
eZ©gvb
<4=1, 4-6=2,>6=3
wm AvB
wR †Z
†hvM`v‡bi
mgq
5.18 ‡cvbvi Drm? eZ©gvb miKvi n¨vPvwi=1,
cÖvB‡fU n¨vPvwi=2,
cÖvK…wZK=3 wm AvB
wR †Z
†hvM`v‡bi
mgq
5.19 mvßvwnK mv‡ii
e¨envi nq wKbv?
eZ©gvb nu¨v=1, bv=2
wm AvB
wR †Z
†hvM`v‡bi
mgq
5.20 Ab¨vb¨ Drcv`b LiP
(Lv`¨, mvi, kªwgK I
Ab¨vb¨)? (UvKv)
5.21 cyKz‡ii †gvU
Drcv`b (†KwR)?
eZ©gvb wm AvB wR †Z †hvM`v‡bi
mgq
Drcv`b weµq g~j¨ Drcv`b weµq g~j¨
153
(†KwR) (UvKv/‡KwR) (†KwR) (UvKv/‡KwR)
‡gRi
Kvc©
G·wUK
Kvc©
_vBcywU 5.22 gvQ †ivMvµvšÍ n‡q ev Ab¨ †Kvb
Kvi‡Y gviv †M‡Q wKbv?
5.23 n‡q _vK‡j Zvi AvbygvwbK
evRvi g~j¨ (UvKv):
5.24 Avcbvi K_v ï‡b wK Ab¨ †Kvb
K…lK GB cÖhyw³ MÖnb
K‡i‡Qb?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
5.25 nu¨v n‡j KZRb?
Z_¨ msM«nKvixi bvg :
___________________
¯^v¶i
b¨vkbvj GwMÖKvjPvivj †UK‡bvjwR cÖ‡R± (GbGwUwc)†dR -1 Gi c«fve g~j¨vqb
evsjv‡`k Dbœqb M‡elbv c«wZôvb (weAvBwWGm)
B-17, AvMviMuvI, ‡k‡i evsjv bMi, XvKv
gwnjv wmAvBwR m`m¨‡`i Rb¨ AwZwi³ cÖkœ
Avcbvi cwiev‡ii †Kvb cyiæl m`m¨ wK
wmAvBwR-Gi mv‡_ hy³?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
K…wl Drcv`b msµvšÍ wm×všÍ (†hgb:
†Kvb Rwg‡Z †Kvb km¨ Pvl Kiv n‡e)
wK wb‡R †bb?
wm AvB wR †Z †hvM`v‡bi mgq
wb‡R ‡bB=1, cwiev‡ii
Ab¨ m`¨‡`i mv‡_ wg‡j
†bB=2, Avgvi mxwgZ
f’wgKv Av‡Q =3, Avgvi eZ©gv‡b
154
†Kvb f’wgKv †bB =4
Drcvw`Z dmj n‡Z AwR©Z A_© e¨‡qi
wm×v‡šÍ Avcbvi f~wgKv:
wm AvB wR †Z †hvM`v‡bi mgq
cy‡ivcywi wbR
wbqš¿‡b=1, cwiev‡ii mKj
m`m¨iv wgwjZ fv‡e
†bB=2, Avgvi mxwgZ
f’wgKv Av‡Q =3, †Kvb
f’wgKv †bB =4
eZ©gv‡b
wmAvBwR-Gi Kg©Kv‡Û AskMÖn‡bi
mgq cwievi n‡Z †Kvb evav cvb wKbv?
nu¨v=1, bv=2
Appendix 2: Research Project Implemented under CGP
SL.
No.
Project title Name of PI & Implementing
agency
Project
duration
& status
01 Assessing the long term impacts of
climate vulnerabilities on crop
production and evaluation of
adaptation practices in the
vulnerable area of Bangladesh
Dr. Moslem Uddin Miah
Bangladesh Centre for Advanced
Studies (BCAS)
Completed
155
02 Adaptation of suitable crops in
saline
soils of Noakhali
Dr. Mohammad Amin
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Noakhali
Completed
03 GIS and remote sensing database
for
Spatial decision support system for
sustainable shrimp culture in
South-
West coastal region of Bangladesh
Dr. S.M. Bazlur Rahman
Khulna University
Completed
04 Molecular characterization of
poultry
salmonellae and production of
formalin killed pullorum disease
vaccine using local isolate in
Bangladesh
Prof. Dr. Mokbul Hossain
Bangladesh Agricultural
University
Completed
05 Development of small scale
electric
powered oil expeller suitable for
adaptation among the rural
farmers’ in
Bangladesh
Prof. Dr. Md. Daulat Hossain
Bangladesh Agricultural
University
Completed
06 Wider adaptation of oil rapeseed,
mustard and sesame varieties with
production technologies for yield
gap reduction
Dr. Md. Ali Akbar
Agrarian Research Foundation,
Dhaka
Completed
07 Up-scaling of integrated rice-duck
farming in Bangladesh:
Improvement of rural livelihood
through community
approach
Dr. Sk. Tanveer Hossain,
Padakhep Manabik Unnayan
Kendra, Dhaka
Completed
08 Impact of rice-wheat/potato-
mungbean cropping system on
farmers’ employment opportunity ,
food security and livelihood in
selected monga-prone areas in
northern districts of Bangladesh
Prof. Dr. M. Moynul Haque
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman Agricultural University
Completed
09 Study of herd health management
practices for Ruminants in
Bangladesh
Dr. Syed Anwar Hossain,
Social Upliftment Society, Savar,
Dhaka
Completed
10 Improving livelihood through herd
health management and milk
market access to poor farmers
living in the northern Bangladesh
Prof. Dr. Md. Golam Shahi Alam,
Bangladesh Agricultural
University
Completed
11 Assessment of effectiveness of
IPM
practices for pest management in
Brinjal
Rafiqul Haider
Socio-economic Development
Associations (SEDA)
Completed
12 Global market analysis for Mr. Abdur Rashid Completed
156
production
and export potentials of high value
crops in Bangladesh
Agrarian Research Foundation,
Dhaka
13 Validation of improved
agricultural
technologies at farmers’ field in
hill
farming system
Dr. Md. Mohabbat Ullah
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Khagrachari
Completed
14 Ecological determinants of
bamboo
flowering and rodent population
outbreaks in the Chittagong Hill
Tracts
Dr. Nazira Q. Kamal
AID-Comilla
Completed
15 Processing of indigenous fruits
and
vegetables to improve livelihood
of rural poor in Modhupur Region
Prof. Dr. Md. Shams-Ud-Din,
Bangladesh Agricultural
University
Completed
16 Promotion of Agricultural
Marketing in
Hills
Md. Badrul Alam
International Development
Enterprises, Dhaka
Completed
17 Capacity building of the farmers
through exporting comparative
advantaged horticultural products
Dr. Md. Kamruzzaman
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman Agricultural University
Completed
18 Linking small farmers with
supermarkets through promotion
of
peri-urban agriculture
Md. Moksedur Rahman
Social Upliftment Society, Dhaka
Completed
19 Up-scaling and adoption of hybrid
dryer for quality grain seed
production
Dr. Md. Ayub Hossain,
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Gazipur
Completed
20 Increasing storability of potato in
natural storage and income
generation through small scale
processing of potato
Dr. Md. Azizul Haque
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Munshigonj
Completed
21 Quality improvement of farmers’
stored seeds of mungbean, lentil,
chickpea and its relation to disease
development in Bangladesh
Dr. A.H.M. Mahfuzul Haque
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Gazipur
Completed
22 Seed production of summer onion
varieties: Determining appropriate
method and Agro-ecological
condition
for optimum production
Dr. Md. Shawkat Ali Mallik,
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Bogra
Completed
23 Factors affecting shifting from
food
insecurity to food security. A
study of
Dr. Ashoke Kumar Ghose
Research and Development
Foundation for the Poor, Dhaka
Completed
157
selected monga prone areas
24 Assessment of techno-
socioeconomic
resources and development of
strategies for promoting food and
economic securities of ethnic
communities in Bangladesh
Dr. Md. Abiar Rahman
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman Agricultural University
Completed
25 Agricultural land loss and food
security: An Assessment
Dr. Md. Abul Quashem
Bangladesh Unnayan Parishad,
Dhaka
Completed
26 Maximizing yield of tea in some
selected problematic acidic soils
through improved management
practices
Dr. Quamrul Ahsan
CASEED, Dhaka
Completed
27 Collection, conservation,
characterization and varietal
development of garlic and onion
through selection and molecular
techniques
Prof. Dr. M.A. Rahim,
Bangladesh Agricultural
University
Completed
28 Rice germplasm collection and
conservation from hilly, coastal,
haor
and other areas of Bangladesh
Dr Md. Khairul Bashar
Bangladesh Rice Research
Institute, Gazipur
Completed
29 Development of appropriate
irrigation
and water management
technologies
for increasing and sustaining crop
production in the saline coastal
area of Bangladesh
Dr. Nazmun Nahar
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear
Agriculture, Mymensingh
Completed
30 Adaptation of improves sesame
varieties in Khulna district
optimizing
sowing time and nitrogenous
fertilizer
management
Prof. Dr. Md, Sarwar Jahan
Khulna University, Khulna
Completed
31 Improvement of cropping system
through introduction of pulse and
spices crops during the fallow
period in Khulna area
Dr. Md. Serajul Islam
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Jessore
Completed
32 Design and development of power
tiller for dry and wet crop land
cultivation in Bangladesh
Md. Abdus Satter
CASEED, Dhaka
Completed
33 Evaluation of herbicide use in
Bangladesh agriculture with
special
reference to wetland
Md. Nasimul Bari
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman Agricultural University
Completed
34 Validation and up-scaling of
improved
Dr. Mrityunjoy Biswas
Completed
158
varieties of Mungbean ,
Blackgram,
Groundnut and Sweet Potato in the
char areas of Jamalpur and
Sherpur
districts
Bangladesh Agricultural
Research Institute, Jamalpur
35 Productivity improvement of Acid
Soil
by using Dolochun in Northern
Bangladesh
Dr. Abdul Hakim
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Wheat Research Centre,
Dinajpur
Completed
36 Determination of factors
responsible for yield gaps in rice
and wheat in farmers’ field
Prof. Dr. M. Abul Kashem,
Bangladesh Agricultural
University
Completed
37 Integrated rice.forage production
and
storage technology increase milk
yield
of dairy cows of smallholder rural
farmers
Prof. Dr. M. Ali Akbar
Bangladesh Agricultural
University
Completed
38 Development of low cost milk
replacer
with locally available feed
ingredients
for rearing calves
Prof. Dr. Md. Nurul Islam,
Bangladesh Agricultural
University
Completed
39 Small-scale processing of
functional
fruits juices applying enzyme
technology
Prof. Dr. M. Burhan Uddin
Bangladesh Agricultural
University
Completed
40 Employment generation and food
accessibility in the monga regions:
An
analysis of existing and improved
technologies
Dr. M. Mazharul Anwar
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Rangpur
Completed
41 Impact analysis of spices research
and extension in Bangladesh
Prof. Dr. M. Serajul Islam,
Bangladesh Agricultural
University
Completed
42 Study of Canker disease of citrus
and
development of its management
practices
Dr. Tapan Kumar Dey
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Gazipur.
Completed
43 Reduction of post-harvest losses of
some horticultural crops through
improved handling and packaging
Dr. M. Abdul Baqui
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman Agricultural University
Completed
44 On-farm soil fertility management Mr. Dilwar Ahmed Chowdhury Completed
159
through IPNS approach
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Gazipur
45 Acid soil amendment through
liming for improving livelihood of
farmers
M. Badruzzaman
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Wheat Research Centre,
Dinajpur
Completed
46 Validation, refinement and
dissemination of water
management
technologies for increasing water
use
efficiency and rice production
Dr. Md. Nazmul Ahsan
Bangladesh Rice Research
Institute, Gazipur.
Completed
47 Effects of household waste on
vegeAppendix table production in
monga areas of Bangladesh
Prof. Dr. G.K.M. Mustafizur
Rahman
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman Agricultural University
Completed
48 Water management practices for
increasing cropping intensity in
Chapai Nawabgonj district of
Bangladesh
Dr. Md. Asgar Ali Sarkar
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear
Agriculture, Mymensingh
Completed
49 Upscaling alternate wetting and
drying (AWD) to reduce irrigation
cost in high yielding rice
production in Tangail, Pabna and
Sirajgonj districts
Md. Monir Uddin
Centre for Integrated Rural and
Agricultural Development,
Tangail
Completed
50 Validation and dissemination of
new
varieties and advanced lines for
increasing the productivity of
lentil,
chickpea, mungbean and
blackgram in the northern regions
of Bangladesh
Dr. Md. Jalal Uddin Sarkar
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna
Completed
51 Collection and conservation of
indigenous vegetable germplasm
Dr. Md. Khaled Sultan
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Gazipur
Completed
52 Rice production in drought prone
areas of Bangladesh
Dr. Safiul Islam Afrad
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman Agricultural University
Completed
53 Yield gap minimization in rice
using
integrated crop and resource
management (ICRM) practices in
selected locations in Bangladesh
Dr. M.S.I. Mamin
Bangladesh Rice Research
Institute, Gazipur
Near
Completed
160
54 Crop intensification in northern
region of Bangladesh through up-
scaling the
production of short duration rice
and
mungbean
Prof. Dr. M. Moynul Haque,
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman Agricultural University
Near
Completed
55 Development of intensive
cropping
system in two coastal districts for
increasing production
Prof. Dr. Harun-or- Rashid
Patuakhali Science & Technology
University, Patuakhali.
Near
Completed
56 Validation and up-scaling of maize
after T. Aman rice in two southern
districts
Dr. M. Jalal Uddin Sarkar
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Gazipur
Near
Completed
57 Intensification of rice based
cropping
system incorporation short
duration
mustard varieties
Prof. Dr. Luthful Hassan
Bangladesh Agricultural
University
Near
Completed
58 Yield gap reduction through short
duration rapeseed mustard and
sesame varieties under existing
cropping system
Dr. Md. Abdul Latif Akanda
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Gazipur
Near
Completed
59 Variety selection and integrated
crop
management for yield gap
minimization in mustard and
sesame in the High Ganges River
Floodplains
Dr, Md. Serajul Islam
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Jessore.
Near
Completed
60 Validation and up-scaling of
mungbean and lentil technologies
in the rice based cropping system
in Bangladesh
Dr. Md. Ashraf Hossain
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Madaripur.
Near
Completed
61 Validation and up-scaling of
improved
pulse production technologies for
crop
intensification
Dr. Md. Harun or Rashid
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Madaripur.
Near
Completed
62 Standardization of protocol and in
vitro production of BARI kala-3 &
BARI kala-4 plantlets and their
validation trial at hilly areas
Mst. Dilafroza Khanam
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Gazipur
Near
Completed
63 Rhizome rot disease of zinger and
its
Management
Dr. Mahbub Uddin Ahmed
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Gazipur.
Near
Completed
64 Management of coconut mite Dr. Md. Nazirul Islam
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Gazipur.
Near
Completed
161
65 Selection and application of BPH
management technologies in
Sirajgonj
Dr. M. Fazle Rabbi
Bangladesh Rice Research
Institute, Gazipur.
Near
Completed
66 Validation of drought management
techniques for sustainable crop
production in the high Barind tract
Md. Abdus Salam
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Laxmipur, Rajshahi.
Near
Completed
67 Testing, validation and up-scaling
of
water saving technology in rice
production (TWST)
Dr. Md. Towfiqul Islam
Bangladesh Rice Research
Institute,
Gazipur.
Near
Completed
68 Development of cost effective
complete feed formula for the
productive and reproductive
performance of buffaloes
Prof. Dr. Md. Ruhul Amin
Bangladesh Agricultural
University
Near
Completed
69 Investigation on calf disease and
development of mitigation
measures
Prof. Dr. A.S. Mahfuzul Bari
Chittagong Veterinary and
Animal
Sciences University, Chittagong
Near
Completed
70 Clinicopathological and
serological
surveillance of Foot and Mouth
Disease (FMD) and Peste des
Petits Ruminants (PPR) and adopt
preventive measures against them
at Sakhipur and Modhupur
Upazila
Prof. Dr. Md. Abu Hadi Noor Ali
Khan
Bangladesh Agricultural
University
Near
Completed
71 Diversification of carp polyculture
integrating Snail (Viviparus sp.),
Shing (Heteropneustes sp.) culture
in cage in ponds of Advibasi
Household
Dr. Muhammad Mahfuzul Haque
Bangladesh Agricultural
University
Near
Completed
72 Development of an integrated rice-
fish
production system in lower
Meghna
river floodplain of Noakhali and
Lakshmipur districts
Dr. Mohammad Amin
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Maijdi Bazar, Noakhali
Near
Completed
73 Testing, Validation and up-scaling
of
cotton-rice intercropping in
Chittagonj
Hill Tracts
Dr. Md. Farid Uddin
Cotton Development Board,
Dhaka
Near
Completed
74 Improvement of appropriate rice
based cropping systems in Barind
areas
Mr. Md. Firoz Hossain
RDA, Bogra
Near
Completed
75 Minimizing yield gap in rice-based Dr. M. Jalal Uddin Sarkar Near
162
.cropping systems in three
northern
Districts
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Gazipur
Completed
76 Productivity enhancement through
improved management practices,
tools and techniques
Dr. Md Dilwar Ahmed
Chowdhury,
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Gazipur
Near
Completed
77 Crop intensification through quick
growing fruits and vegetables into
existing cropping systems in
Jhalokathi and Patuakhali districts
H.M. Khairul Bashar
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Sabujbag, Patuakhali
Near
Completed
78 Maximization of crop yield in T.
Aman-Mustard-Boro cropping
pattern by Agronomic
management
Prof. Dr. M. Rafiqul Islam
Bangladesh Agricultural
University
Near
Completed
79 Yield maximization of Mustard
and
Sesame through improved package
of
production practices in some
selected
areas of the country
Dr. M. Raisul Haider
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear
Agriculture, Mymensingh
Near
Completed
80 Validation and up-scaling of year
round pine apple production
technology in hilly areas
Dr. Modon Gopal Saha
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Gazipur
Near
Completed
81 Integrated management of major
diseases of brinjal and tomato in
Jamalpur and Sherpur districts
Dr. Biresh Kumar Goswami
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute , Jamalpur
Near
Completed
82 Development of management
package for powdery mildew of
BAU kul and apple kul
Prof. Md. Rezaul Islam
Khulna University, Khulna
Near
Completed
83 Least cost feed formulation for
poultry
through the production of
fermented
yeast product from locally
available feed resources
Prof. Ashraf Ali Biswas
Chittagong Veterinary and
Animal Sciences University
Near
Completed
84 Calf mortality in large and small
holder cross breed dairy cattle:
Epidemiological and pathological
investigation and mitigation
Prof. Dr. Emdadul Haque
Chowdhury
Bangladesh Agricultural
University
Near
Completed
85 Adaptation of high valued fish
species, shing (Heterponeustes
fossilis) culture technology for
maximizing production in
three Agro-ecological zones of
Prof. Dr. Md. Jahangir Alam
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman Agricultural University
Near
Completed
163
Bangladesh
86 Development of irrigated crop-fish
production system using ditch-
and-dyke method in low lying
areas of Barisal and Faridpur
region
Prof. Dr. Md. Amzad Hossain
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman Agricultural University
Near
Completed
164
Appendix 3: Research Project Implemented under SPGR
SL.
No.
Project code and title Name of PI & Implementing
agency
Project
duration &
status
01 05: Approaches to develop broiler
sire
and dam line from available
genetic resources
Dr. Md. Ashraf Ali
Bangladesh Agricultural
University
31/03/2010-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
02 20: Study on milk urea nitrogen
(MUN) for improvement of
dietary nutrition of dairy cows in
Bangladesh
Dr. Md. Sazedul Karim Sarker
Bangladesh Livestock Research
Institute
25/02/2010-
31/12/2013
completed
03 21: Studies on the Quantitative
Trait
Loci (QTL) of economic traits in
Black Bengal Goat
Prof. Dr. Md. Omar Faruque
Bangladesh Agricultural
University
01/04/2010-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
04 25: Development of Nitrogenous
Bio-
Fertilizer for Sugarcane with Free-
Living and Associative Bacteria
Using Biological Nitrogen
Fixation
(BNF) Technology
Saiful Islam
Bangladesh Sugarcane Research
Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna
01/04/2010-
31/12/2013
Completed
05 27: Genetic Enhancement of
Sugarcane for Sustainable
Productivity through Tissue
Culture and Molecular marker
Techniques
Dr. Md. Amzad Hossain
Bangladesh Sugarcane Research
Institute
25/02/2010-
31/12/2013
Completed
06 31: Utilization and Management of
Sugar Mills Effluent water for
Irrigation purposes to increase
crop production
Dr. Md. Salim Ullah Khan
Eusufzai
Bangladesh Sugarcane Research
Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna
28/02/2010-
31/12/2013
Completed
07 43: Gene banking of improved
broodstocks of Indian Major Carps
(catla, rohu and mrigal) and
development of breeding
technique of three threatened
species (mohashol, bagair and
baim)
Dr. Md. Fazlul Awal Mollah
Bangladesh Agricultural
University
24/03/2010-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
08 45: Production of HYV vis-a-vis
Indigenous Seed Bulls to Support
Smallholder dairying in
Bangladesh
Prof. Dr. A.K. Fazlul Haque
Bhuiyan,
Bangladesh Agricultural
University
31/03/2012-
31/12/2013
Completed
09 91: Genetic enhancement of local
rice
germplasm towards Aromatic
Prof. Dr. M. A. Khaleque Mian
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur
28/02/2010-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
165
Hybrid rice variety development in
Bangladesh
Rahman Agricultural University
10 113: Livelihood Improvement of
Farming Community in Haor Area
through System Approach
Dr. Sultan Uddin Bhuiyan
Bangladesh Agricultural
University
30/03/2012-
31/12/2013
Completed
11 134: Generation of short duration
high
oil content high yielding doubled
haploid (DH) rape seed through
microspore embryogenesis
Dr. Md. Shahidur Rashid Bhuiyan
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural
University, Dhaka
24/02/2010-
31/12/2013
Completed
12 143: Assessment of Post-harvest
Losses and Improvement of
Postharvest Practices of Major
Fruits
and Vegetables of Bangladesh
Dr. Md. Sekender Ali
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural
University, Dhaka
28/06/2010-
31/12/2013
Completed
13 150: Development and validation
of
USG applicator and rice
transplanter
Md. Anwer Hossen
Bangladesh Rice Research
Institute, Gazipur
24/06/2010-
31/12/2013
Completed
14 151: Design, development,
modification and introduction of
self-propelled reaper and mini-
power tiller to augment crop
production
Mr. Mahbubul Alam Zami
Bangladesh Rice Research
Institute, Gazipur
10/06/2010-
31/12/2013
Completed
15 152: Identification and utilization
of
QTLs from rice wild relatives for
high yield through use of
microsatellite markers
Dr. Md. Shamsher Ali
Bangladesh Rice Research
Institute
15/04/2010-
31/12/2013
Completed
16 155: Development and utilization
of
Bangladesh Rice Knowledge Bank
(BRKB)
Dr. Islam Uddin Molla
Bangladesh Rice Research
Institute
01/04/2010-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
17 157: Assessment of Aquatic
Pollution
and Biodiversity of Some Lakes of
Dhaka City
Dr. M. Niamul Naser
Dhaka University, Dhaka
31/03/2010-
31/12/2013
Completed
18 169: Surveillance of seedling
diseases of some important fruit
species in Bangladesh with
molecular
characterization of pathogens and
eco- friendly model development
for their management
Dr. Ismail Hossain
Bangladesh Agricultural
University
25/02/2010-
31/12/2013
Completed
19 177: Identification of existing
races of
Pyricularia grisea and gene
pyramiding for durable blast
resistance in rice
Dr. M Ansar Ali
Bangladesh Rice Research
Institute, Gazipur
25/02/2010-
31/12/2013
Completed
166
20 179: Pyramiding bacterial blight
resistant genes into the genetic
background of BR 11-derived
submergence tolerant rice lines
Dr. KM Iftekharuddaula
Bangladesh Rice Research
Institute
25/02/2010-
31/12/2013
Completed
21 184: Application of GIS for farm
productivity enhancement through
land suitability assessment of
major cropping pattern of
Bangladesh
Md. Abeed Hossain Chowdhury
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Council, Dhaka
12/04/2010-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
22 206: Development of hybrid
summer
tomato variety, production
packages and on farm validation of
the developed technologies
Dr. M. Nazim Uddin
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute
25/05/2010-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
23 208: Development and adaptation
of
solar pump irrigation system under
eco-friendly environment
Dr. Md. Ayub Hossain
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Gazipur
01/06/2010-
31/12/2013
Completed
24 211: Studies on the Impact of
Climate
Change on Fungal Disease of
Crops
Dr. Md. Sakhawat Hossain
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Gazipur
01/04/2010-
31/12/2013
Completed
25 212: Development of Integrated
Disease Management
Technologies for Soil Borne
Pathogens
Dr. Tapan Kumar Dey
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Gazipur
01/04/2010-
31/12/2013
Completed
26 220: Potentialities of Major Fruits
Farming, Marketing System and
Price Behaviour in Hill Regions of
Bangladesh
Dr. Md. Alamgir Hossain
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Gazipur
28/02/2010-
31/12/2013
Completed
27 225: Integrated crop management
for
the improvement of jackfruit
Dr. M. A. Rahman
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute
25/02/2010-
30/06/2013
Completed
28 227: Development of Short Stature
Wheat Varieties Tolerant to High
Temperature
Mr. Md. Abdul Hakim
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Wheat Research Center,
Nashipur, Dinajpur
11/04/2010-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
29 228: Molecular characterization of
Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus
(TYLCV) in Bangladesh and
development of TYLCV resistant
tomato using recombinant DNA
technology
Dr. Md. Abdullah Yousuf
Akhond
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Gazipur
01/04/2010-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
30 230: Research and technology
generation in lac as a means
towards elevation of productivity
and income of the small and
marginal farmers
Dr. Debasish Sarker
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Gazipur
25/02/2010-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
167
31 250: Development of salt tolerant
rice
varieties through induced mutation
and marker-assisted selection
Dr. Mirza Mofazzal Islam
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear
Agriculture
24/02/2010-
31/12/2013
Completed
32 276: Development of threshold
level
(seed health standard) of
Colletotrichum corchori in jute
seed
Ms. Hasina Banu
Bangladesh Jute Research
Institute.
27/06/2010-
31/12/2013
Completed
33 280: Production and development
of the jute based blended fabrics in
cotton processing system for
textile uses.
Dr. Md. Abul Kalam Azad
Bangladesh Jute Research
Institute
08/07/2010-
31/12/2013
Completed
34 294: Investigation into fish
diseases and economic losses due
to disease
Incidence
Dr. Nazneen Bagum
Bangladesh Fisheries Research
Institute, Mymensingh
25/02/2010-
31/12/2013
Completed
35 301: Enrichment and Conservation
of
Mangrove Ecosystem
Dr. M Masudur Rahman
Bangladesh Forest Research
Institute
24/02/2010-
31/12/2013
Completed
36 303: Development and up scaling
of
integrated pest management
technologies in vegetable crops: A
Coordinated Project
Dr. Md. Khalequzzaman A.
Chowdhury
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Council, Dhaka.
23/05/2010-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
37 305: Carbon sequestration in soils
of
Bangladesh
Coordinator: Member Director
(NRM), BARC, Farmgate, Dhaka
PIs:
Dr. Pranesh Kumar Shaha, BRRI
Dr. Md. Belal Hossain, BINA
Dr. Mizanur Rahman, BSMRAU
18/04/2010-
31/12/2013
Completed
38 306: Coordinated Project on
Arsenic in Soil-Water-Plant
System
Coordinator: Member Director
(NRM)
BARC, Farmgate, Dhaka
PIs:
Muhammad Sajidur Rahman,
BRRI
Dr. Shamsun Noor, BARI
Dr. Gazi Md. Zainal
Abedin,SRDI
01/04/2010-
31/12/2013
Completed
39 307: Coordinated project onto the
surveillance of important
infectious, Zoonotic and Emerging
Diseases of Livestock and poultry
in Bangladesh
Coordinator: Member Director
(Livestock), BARC, Farmgate,
Dhaka
PIs:
Dr.Md. Abu Hadi Noor Ali Khan,
BAU
Dr. Kazi M. Kamaruddin,
CVASU
28/04/2010-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
168
40 308: Assessment of Land
Productivity
and its Enhancement through
Utilization of Surface Water in
Coastal Area.
Coordinator: Member Director
(NRM)
BARC, Farmgate, Dhaka
PIs:
Md. Khorshed Alam, SRDI
Dr. Md. Jalal Uddin Sarker,
BARI
20/07/2010-
31/12/2013
Completed
41 309: Updating of fertilizer
recommendation through
interpretation of research results
generated by the NARS institutes
Dr. Md. Abdus Satter
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Council,Farmgate, Dhaka
14/06/2010-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
42 310: Assessment of Socio-
economic
Impacts of Oilseeds Research and
Development in Bangladesh
Dr. Md. Abdul Monayem Miah
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Gazipur
21/06/2010-
31/12/2013
Completed
43 311: Coordinated Project on Soil
Fertility and Fertilizer
Management
for Crops and Cropping Patterns:
BARC component (9 component)
Coordinator: Dr. A. A. Hassan
Member Director (NRM), BARC,
Farmgate, Dhaka -1215
14/06/2010-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
44 312: Consequences of tobacco
cultivation in Bangladesh
Dr. Tanvir Mahmud Bin Hossain
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Gazipur
21/06/2011-
31/12/2013
Completed
45 313: Pyramiding Salinity and
Submergence Tolerance Genes
into BRRI dhan 49 Through
Marker Assisted Selection
M Akhlasur Rahman
Bangladesh Rice Research
Institute
05/12/2011-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
46 314: Coordinated project on
improvement of agroforestry
practices for better livelihood and
environment: BARC Component
(7
components)
Coordinator: Dr. A. A. Hassan
Member Director (NRM)
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Council, Farmgate, Dhaka -121
15/06/2011-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
47 315: Coordinated project on water
management for enhancing crop
production under changing
climate: BARC Component
(Total 4 component)
Coordinator: Dr. A. A. Hassan
Member Director(NRM)
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Council, Farmgate, Dhaka -1215
15/06/2014-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
48 316: Development of an Integrated
Management Approach for Quality
Seed Production of Kharif Onion
Md. Alauddin Khan
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute
01/12/2011-
31/12/2013
Completed
49 317: Coordinated Sub-Project on
Characterization of Important
Plant
Genetic Resources: BARC
Component
(Total 7 component)
Coordinator: Dr. Md.
Khalequzzaman Akanda
Chowdhury
BARC
04/01/2012-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
50 318: Coordinated project on Coordinator : Member Director 15/06/2010-
169
addressing climate change on
fisheries sector through
community based technology
identification and
adoption in the fragile aqua
ecosystems of Bangladesh: BARC
Component (3 component)
(Fisheries)
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Council, Farmgate, Dhaka
30/06/2014
Ongoing
51 319: Coordinated project on
contaminants and adulterants in
food chain and their mitigation:
BARC Component (6 component)
Coordinator: Member Director
(Fisheries)
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Council, Farmgate, Dhaka -1215
14/06/2011-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
52 321: Assessment of socio-
economic
impacts of pulses research and
development in Bangladesh
Dr. Md. Abdul Matin
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Jamalpur
21/06/2011-
31/12/2013
Completed
53 322: Identification of Production
Package for High Value
Horticultural Crops Through
Hydroponics Culture
A.K.M. Selim Reza Mollik
BARI
01/12/2011-
31/12/2013
Completed
54 324: Identification of Male
Sterility in
Onion Lines
Dr. Md. Noor Alam Chowdhury
BARI
01/12/2011-
31/12/2013
Completed
55 326: Sustainable management of
available water resources of
unfavorable hill ecosystem
Dr. Md. Mohabbat Ullah
BARI
27/12/2012-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
56 328: Coordinated project on
improvement of agro-forestry
practices for better livelihood and
environment: CU Component
Dr. Tapan Kumar Dey
University of Chittagong,
Chittagong
15/06/2011-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
57 329: Coordinated project on
improvement of agro-forestry
practices for better livelihood and
environment: BAU Component
Dr. G.M. Mujibar Rahman
Bangladesh Agricultural
University, Mymensingh
15/06/2011-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
58 330: Coordinated project on
improvement of agroforestry
practices for better livelihood and
environment: KU Component
Dr. Md. Golam Rakkibu
Khulna University, Khulna
15/06/2011-
31/12/2013
Completed
59 331: Coordinated project on
improvement of agroforestry
practices of better livelihood and
environment: BSMRAU
Dr. Md. Giashuddin Miah
BSMRAU, Gazipur.
13/06/2014-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
60 332: Coordinated project on
improvement of agroforestry
practices for better livelihood and
environment: BJRI Component
Dr. Md. Mujibur Rahman
BJRI, Manik Mia Avenue,
Dhaka.
15/06/2014-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
61 333 Coordinated project on
improvement of agroforestry
practices for better livelihood and
environment: BFRI (Forest)
Component
Dr. Shaheen Akhter
Bangladesh Forest Research
Institute
15/06/2014-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
170
62 334: Coordinated project on water
management for enhancing crop
production under changing
climate: BARI Component
Dr. Pijush Kanti Sarkar
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Gazipur
14/06/2014-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
63 335: Coordinated project on water
management for enhancing crop
production under changing
climate: BINA Component
Dr. Md. Asgar Ali Sarkar
BINA, Mymensingh
14/06/2011-
31/12/2013
Completed
64 336: Coordinated project on water
management for enhancing crop
production under changing
climate: BRRI Component
Dr Md. Abdur Rashid
BRRI, Gazipur
14/06/2011-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
65 337: Coordinated Project on Soil
Fertility and Fertilizer
Management
for Crops and Cropping Patterns:
BINA component
Dr. Md. Mohsin Ali
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear
Agriculture, Mymensingh
15/06/2011-
31/12/2013
Completed
66 338: Coordinated Project on Soil
Fertility and Fertilizer
Management
for Crops and Cropping Patterns:
BSRI component
Mr. Saiful Islam
Bangladesh Sugarcane Research
Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna
15/06/2011-
31/12/2013
Completed
67 339 Coordinated Project on Soil
Fertility and Fertilizer
Management
for Crops and Cropping Patterns:
BAU component
Dr. M. Jahiruddin
Bangladesh Agricultural
University
15/06/2011-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
68 340: Coordinated Project on Soil
Fertility and Fertilizer
Management
for Crops and Cropping Patterns:
SRDI component
Ms. Lutfe Ara Begum
Soil Resources Development
Institute
14/06/2011-
31/12/2013
Completed
69 341: Coordinated Project on Soil
Fertility and Fertilizer
Management
for Crops and Cropping Patterns:
BJRI component
Md. Nasimul Gani
Bangladesh Jute Research
Institute
15/06/2011-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
70 342: Coordinated Project on Soil
Fertility and Fertilizer
Management
for Crops and Cropping Patterns:
OFRD, BARI component
Dr. Md. Jalal Uddin Sarker
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Gazipur
14/06/2011-
31/12/2013
Completed
71 343: Coordinated Project on Soil
Fertility and Fertilizer
Management
for Crops and Cropping Patterns:
SSD, BARI component
Dr. Md. Azizul Haque
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Gazipur
14/06/2011-
31/12/2013
Completed
72 344: Coordinated Project on Soil
Fertility and Fertilizer
Management
Dr. Pranesh Kumar Saha
Bangladesh Rice Research
14/06/2011-
31/12/2013
Completed
171
for Crops and Cropping Patterns:
BRRI component
Institute, Gazipur
73 345: Coordinated project on
addressing climate change on
fisheries sector through
community based technology
identification and
adoption in the fragile aqua
ecosystems of Bangladesh
Dr. Kazi Md. Azimuddin
Bangladesh Fisheries Research
Institution
15/06/2011-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
74 346: Coordinated project on
addressing climate change on
fisheries sector through
community based technology
identification and
adoption in the fragile aqua
ecosystems of Bangladesh: SAU
Component
Professor Gazi M. A. Jalil
Sher-e-Bangla Agril. University
15/06/2011-
31/12/2013
Completed
75 347: Coordinated project on
contaminants and adulterants in
food chain and their mitigation:
BAU Component
Dr. M. Burhan Uddin
Department of Food Technology
and Rural Industries (FT&RI),
Bangladesh Agricultural
University
14/06/2011-
31/12/2013
Completed
76 348: Coordinated project on
contaminants and adulterants in
food chain and their mitigation:
BARI Component
Dr. Md. Miaruddin
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Gazipur
14/06/2011-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
77 349: Coordinated project on
contaminants and adulterants in
food chain and their mitigation:
BFRI Component
Dr. Md. Enamul Hoq
Bangladesh Fisheries Research
Institute, Mymensingh 2201
1/06/2011-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
78 350: Coordinated project on
contaminants and adulterants in
food chain and their mitigation:
BLRI Component
Dr. Nathu Ram Sarker
BLRI, Savar,Dhaka
15/06/2011-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
79 351: Coordinated project on
contaminants and adulterants in
food chain and their mitigation:
BRRI Component
Dr. Muhammad Ali Siddiquee
Grain quality and Nutrition
Laboratory, BRRI, Gazipur-1701
14/06/2011-
31/12/2013
Completed
80 353: Improved Potato storage
facility for farm household
Prof. Dr. A. T. M. Ziauddin
BAU
01/01/2012-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
81 355: Selection of Elite Lines and
Improved Production
Technologies
for Oilseed Crop
Dr.Md Rawshan Ali
BARI
01/12/2012-
31/12/2013
Completed
82 362: Development of an effective
PPR vaccine from local isolate and
its
Coordinator: MD(livestock),
BARC
PIs:
05/01/2012-
30/06/2014
172
molecular Characterization Dr. Emdadul Haque Chowdhury
Bangladesh Agricultural
University
Dr. Md. Giasuddin
BLRI, Savar, Dhaka
Ongoing
83 370: Development of Hybrid rice
and production of parental lines
Dr. A. S. M. Masuduzzaman
Plan Breeding Division, BRRI
29/04/2012-
31/12/2013
Completed
84 372: Coordinated Sub-Project on
Characterization of Important
Plant
Genetic Resources: BRRI
component
Dr. Mohammad Khalequzzaman
BRRI
10/01/2012-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
85 373: Coordinated Sub-Project on
Characterization of Important
Plant Genetic Resources: BARI
component
Director Research
BARI, Gazipur
27/12/2011-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
86 374: Coordinated Sub-Project on
Characterization of Important
Plant
Genetic Resources: BJRI
component
Dr. M Abbas Ali
BJRI
04/12/2011-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
87 375: Coordinated Sub-Project on
Characterization of Important
Plant
Genetic Resources: BINA
component
Dr. Shamsun Nahar Begum
BINA
05/12/2011-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
88 376: Coordinated Sub-Project on
Characterization of Important
Plant
Genetic Resources: BSRI
component
K. M. Rezaul Karim
BSRI
05/12/2011-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
89 377: Coordinated Sub-Project on
Characterization of Important
Plant
Genetic Resources: BAU
component
Prof. Dr. M. A. Rahim
BAU
01/12/2011-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
90 378: Marketing and Value Chain
System of Brackish Water and
Marine Fisheries Products and
Byproducts in Bangladesh
Dr. M. Serajul Islam
Department of Agricultural
Economics, Bangladesh
Agricultural University,
Mymensingh
09/01/2012-
31/12/2013
Completed
91 379: Somatic cell count and
bacterial characterization as tools
for diagnosis and identification of
risk factors of bovine mastitis
Dr. Md. Tahidul Islam
Department of Medicine,
Bangladesh Agricultural
University
01/08/2012-
31/12/2013
Completed
92 383: Coordinated sub-project
on Farming System
Research and
Coordinator:
Dr.Md.Khalequzzaman A
Chowdhury
02/05/2012-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
173
Development for Farmers’
Livelihoods Improvement:
BARC Component
Member Director (Crops),
Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Council, Farmgate, Dhaka
93 384: Coordinated sub-project on
Farming System Research and
Development for Farmers’
Livelihoods Improvement: BARI
Component-I (Plain Land
Ecosystem-Northern
& Eastern Zone)
Dr. Md. Jalal Uddin Sarker
OFRD, Bangladesh Agricultural
Research Institute, Gazipur
02/05/2012-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
94 385: Coordinated sub-project
on Farming System Research and
Development for Farmers’
Livelihoods Improvement: BARI
Component II
(Coastal and Rainfed Ecosystem)
Dr. Md. Jalal Uddin Sarker
OFRD, Bangladesh Agricultural
Research Institute, Gazipur
02/05/2012-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
95 386: Coordinated sub-project on
Farming System Research and
Development for Farmers’
Livelihoods Improvement: BRRI
Component
Dr. Md. Abdul Muttaleb
Rice farming Systems Division,
BRRI, Gazipur
03/05/2012-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
96 387: Coordinated sub-project
on Farming System Research and
Development for Farmers’
Livelihoods Improvement: BINA
Component (Haor Ecosystem)
Dr. Md. Monjurul Islam
Agronomy Division, BINA
02/05/2012-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
97 388: Coordinated sub-project on
Farming System Research and
Development for Farmers’
Livelihoods Improvement: BJRI
component
Mohammad Hussain
BJRI
02/05/2012-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
98 389: Coordinated sub-project on
Farming System Research and
Development for Farmers’
Livelihoods Improvement: BSRI
Component
Dr. M Khalilur Rahman
Agronomy & Farming Systems
Division, BSRI, Ishurdi, Pabna
02/05/2012-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
99 390: Coordinated sub-project on
Farming System Research and
Development for Farmers’
Livelihoods Improvement: BFRI
(Forest) Component (Hill
Ecosystem)
Sharmila Das
Silviculture Genetics Division,
Bangladesh Forest Research
Institute, Sholashahar, Chittagong
29/07/2012-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
100 391: Coordinated sub-project on
Farming System Research and
Development for Farmers’
Livelihoods Improvement: BLRI
Component
Dr. Md. Mafizul Islam
Bangladesh Livestock research
Institute, Savar, Dhaka
03/05/2012-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
101 392: Coordinated sub-project on
Farming System Research and
Dr. A. H. M. Kohinoor
01/08/2012-
30/06/2014
174
Development for Farmers’
Livelihoods Improvement: BFRI
(Fisheries) Component
BFRI, Mymensingh Ongoing
102 400: Rice Biotechnology:
Application of microsatellite
markers for screening and
identification of iron rich rice
genotypes
Dr. Lutful Hassan
Department of Genetics & Plant
Breeding, BAU, Mymensingh
01/08/2012-
31/12/2013
Completed
103 401: Study on the prevalence of
parasites of economic importance
in cattle in Bangladesh
Dr. Mohammad Alamgir Hossain
Department of Pathology and
Parasitology and Parasitology
CVASU, Chittagong
02/08/2012-
31/12/2013
Completed
104 402: Development of an Electronic
Compendium on the Research
Findings of the NARS Institutes
Mrs. Dil Afroz
Agricultural Information Centre
(AIC),
BARC, Farmgate, Dhaka-1215.
01/08/2012-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
105 405: Isolation and molecular
characterization of egg drop
syndrome (EDS-76) virus in
Bangladesh
Dr. Marzia Rahman
Department of Microbiology and
Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural
University, Mymensingh
31/05/2012-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
106 410: Integrated Farming and its
Impact on Farmers’ Livelihood in
Bangladesh
Dr. Md. Taj Uddin
Department of agricultural
Economics, BAU, Mymensingh
02/12/2012-
31/12/2013
Completed
107 415: Comparative Study of IPM
and Non-IPM Technology in
Selected Vegetables growing
Areas in
Bangladesh (Unfavorable
ecosystem)
Dr. Md. Rezaul Karim
Agricultural Economics &
Statistics Section, HRC, BARI,
Gazipur
08/01/2012-
31/12/2013
Completed
108 419: Morphological
Characterization of Cotton
Germplasm
Dr. Md. Farid Uddin
Cotton Development Board
Khamarbari, Farmgate Dhaka
15/11/2012-
30/06/2014
Ongoing
175
Appendix 4: International and National PhD Fellows under NATP Research
Component
International PhD Fellows
Sl.
No
Name Field of Study Name of
University/
Institute
Date of
Departure
BARI
1 Md. Shamim Hossain
Molla
Senior Scientific Officer,
ARS, BARI, Pabna
Stress physiology
related to
Biotechnology
Kasetsart University,
Thailand
14/7/2010
2 A.K.M. Mahbubul Alam
Senior Scientific Officer,
Plant Genetic Resources
Center, BARI, Gazipur
Genome mapping and
Marker-assisted
Breeding
Kasetsart University,
Thailand
20/11/2010
3 Md. Robiul Alam
Senior Scientific Officer,
Agronomy Division, ARS,
BARI, Pabna
Physiology and
Genetical Expression
of Crop in Stress
Environment
Kasetsart University,
Thailand
28/6/2010
4 Mohammed Shalim Uddin
Senior Scientific Officer,
Plant Breeding Division,
BARI, Gazipur
Plant Molecular
Breeding or Plant
Biotechnology or
Genetics and Plant
Breeding
Graduate School of
Chinese Academy of
Agricultural
Sciences
22/01/2011
5 Ranjit Sen
Senior Scientific Officer,
Soil Science Division,
BARI, Gazipur
Soil Science (Waste
Management)
Asian Institute of
Technology,
Thailand
19/08/2010
6 Jagadish Chandra Barman
Senior Scientific Officer,
Lac Research Station,
BARI, Chapainawabgonj
Entomology South China
Agricultural
University, China
27/09/2010
7 Md. Akhtaruzzaman Sarkar
Senior Scientific Officer,
Entomology Division,
BARI, Gazipur
Entomology (IPM) Kasetsart University,
Thailand
20/11/2010
8 Mst. Selina Hasan
Scientific Officer, OFRD,
BARI, Alamnagar,
Rangpur
Agronomy Hunan Agricultural
University, China
14/09/2010
9 Md. Sorof Uddin
Scientific Officer, RHRS,
BARI, Chapainawabgonj
Horticulture Graduate School of
China Academy of
Agricultural
Sciences
22/11/2010
176
International PhD Fellows
Sl.
No
Name Field of Study Name of
University/
Institute
Date of
Departure
10 Md. Faruque Hossain
Senior Scientific Officer,
OFRD, BARI, Gazipur
Agronomy South China
Agricultural
University, China
27/09/2010
11 Taslima Ayesha Aktar
Nasrin
Scientific Officer, HRC,
BARI, Gazipur
Postharvest
Technology
Asian Institute of
Technology,
Thailand
19/08/2010
12 Md. Eyakub Ali
Scientific Officer
Soil Science Division
BARI, Gazipur
Genetics and Plant
Breeding
Graduate School of
Chinese Academy of
Agricultural
Sciences
20/4/2011
BRRI
13 Quazi Shireen Akhter
Jahan
Senior Scientific Officer,
Plant Pathology Division,
BRRI, Gazipur
Plant Pathology UPM, Malaysia 13/7/2010
14 Md. Humayun Kabir
Senior Scientific Officer,
Agronomy Division,
BRRI, Gazipur
Agronomy (Plant
Physiology)
Hunan Agricultural
University, China
9/9/2010
15 Ebna Syod Md. Harunur
Rashid
Senior Scientific Officer,
GRS Division, BRRI,
Gazipur
Seed Science and
Technology
UPLB, Philippines 6/6/2010
16 Md. Adil Badshah
Senior Scientific Officer,
Agronomy Division,
BRRI, Gazipur
Agronomy Hunan Agricultural
University, China
14/09/2010
17 Ms. Shamima Akter
Senior Scientific Officer
Plant Pathology Division
BRRI, Gazipur
Plant Pathology UPM, Malaysia 28/12/2010
BJRI
18 M.M. Alamgir Sayeed
Principal Scientific Officer,
Textile Physics Division,
BJRI, Dhaka
Textile Engineering Indian Institute of
Technology, India
5/10/2010
177
International PhD Fellows
Sl.
No
Name Field of Study Name of
University/
Institute
Date of
Departure
19 Ranjit Kumar Ghosh
Senior Scientific Officer,
Regional Station, BJRI,
Jessore
Biotechnology Kasetsart University,
Thailand
28/6/2010
20 Md. Ali Alamgir
Senior Scientific Officer,
Gene Bank Branch,
Genetic Resource and Seed
Division BJRI, Dhaka
Agronomy University of Malaya,
Malaysia
1/11/2010
BSRI
21 Md. Anisur Rahman
Senior Scientific Officer,
Breeding Division, BSRI,
Ishurdi, Pabna
Breeding Graduate School of
Chinese Academy of
Agricultural
Sciences
1/11/2010
22 Khandakar Mohiul Alam
Scientific Officer, Soils
and Nutrition Division,
BSRI, Ishurdi, Pabna
Soil Microbiology Graduate School of
Chinese Academy of
Agricultural
Sciences
11/8/2010
23 Tofael Ahmed
Scientific Officer,
Entomology Division
BSRI, Ishordi, Pabna
Entomology Graduate School of
Chinese Academy of
Agricultural
Sciences
25/02/2011
BFRI
24 Md. Mahbubur Rahman
Senior Scientific Officer,
Forest Management
Branch, BFRI,
Sholashahar, Chittagong
Bio-technology UPM, Malaysia 25/7/2010
FRI
25 Md. Latiful Islam
Scientific Officer, Regional
Station, BFRI, Khulna
Biotechnology
/Aquaculture
Engineering
USM, Malaysia 26/12/2010
BLRI
26 Nasrin Sultana
Senior Scientific Officer,
GSPRD, BLRI, Savar,
Dhaka
Ruminant Nutrition UPM, Malaysia 25/7/2010
BTRI
27 Toufiq Ahmed
Scientific Officer, Regional
Station, BTRI, Panchagarh
Effect of growth
regulators on Tea
(Agronomy)
University of
Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
9/10/2010
SRDI
178
International PhD Fellows
Sl.
No
Name Field of Study Name of
University/
Institute
Date of
Departure
28 S.M. Shamsuzzaman
Senior Scientific Officer,
Regional Laboratory,
SRDI, Dhaka
Soil Science UPM, Malaysia 27/01/2011
MOA
29 Md. Al Amin Sarker
Senior Assistant Chief,
Planning Wing, Ministry of
Agriculture, Dhaka
Agricultural Economics UPM, Malaysia 23/12/2010
BARC
30 Shah Md. Monir Hossain
Senior Scientific Editor
Agricutlural Information
Centre BARC
Crop Science (Crop
Physiology)
Kasetsart
University, Thailand
07/6/2011
* Sl 18. Fellow death
National PhD Fellows
Sl
No.
Name & address Date of
Admission
Field of
Study
University Title of Experiment
1. Jasmine Ara
Chowdhury
SSO,Agronomy
Division, BARI,
Joydebpur, Gazipur
21 June
2009
Agronomy BSMRAU
Cytokinin and Abscicic
Acid on Water Stress
Tolerance of Soybean
2. Md. Mahfuz Bazzaz
Wheat Research
sub-Center, BARI,
Rajbari, Dinajpur
18/06/2009 Crop and Soil
Management BSMRAU
Morpho-physiology and
yield response of wheat
under different water
regimes
3. Abu Naser Md.
Mamun
SO,Regional Spices
Research Center,
BARI, Joydebpur,
Gazipur
30/06/2009 Horticulture BAU
Studies on the quality
onion seed production
through management
practices
4. Md. Masud Alam
SSO,Spices
Research Center,
BARI, Sibgonj,
Bogra
26/11/2007
Food
Technology
and Rural
Industries
BAU
Development of Shelf-
Stable Dehydrated Onion
Products
179
National PhD Fellows
Sl
No.
Name & address Date of
Admission
Field of
Study
University Title of Experiment
5. Mohammad Kamrul
Hasan
SO,OFRD, BARI,
Joydebpur, Gazipur 21/06/2009
Biotechnolog
y BAU
Molecular
Characterization,
Screening of Salt
Tolerance and In vitro
Regeneration of Soybean
Genotypes
6. Anjuman Ara
Begum
SSO,Agronomy
Division, BARI,
Joydebpur, Gazipur
12/04/2009 Agronomy BAU
Performance of potato
hybrid maize intercropping
as affected by sowing date,
row arrangement and
fertilizer management
7. Md. Habibur
Rahman
SSO,Vegetable
Division,
Horticulture
Research Center,
BARI, Joydebpur,
Gazipur
17/06/2009 Seed science
&Technology BAU
Quality Seed Production
Technology and Storage of
Okra
8. Md. Abdur
Razzaque
SSO,Agnonomy
Division, BARI,
Joydebpur, Gazipur
18-6-2009
Agronomy BSMRAU
Variability in biological
nitrogen fixation, yield and
nutrient use efficiency of
mungbean in low fertile
soil
9. A.T.M. Anwarul
Islam Mondol
SSO,Place of
posting: Soil
Science Division,
BARI, Joydebpur,
Gazipur
30/07/2009 Agricultural
Chemistry BAU
Mineralization and nutrient
release from organic
manures and their
integrated effects with
inorganic fertilizers on
Cabbage-Mungbean-
T.aman cropping sequence
10. Sarker Md. Abu
Hena Mostofa
Kamal
SSO,ARS, BARI,
Burirhat, Rangpur
15/06/2009 Agronomy BAU
Study on the Improvement
of Potato based Cropping
Patterns in Tista Meander
Floodplain Soil.
11. Mrs. Quamrun
Naher
SSO,OFRD, BARI,
Joydebpur, Gazipur
14/06/2009 Agronomy BAU
Weed suppression and
yield of Maize Legume
intercropping systems
12. Md. Akhtar Hossain
SSO,OFRD, BARI,
Joydebpur, Gazipur 04/12/2008 Agricultural
Economics BAU
An Economic Study of
Production, Efficiency and
Value addition with
Respect to Potato in some
selected areas of
180
National PhD Fellows
Sl
No.
Name & address Date of
Admission
Field of
Study
University Title of Experiment
Bangladesh
13. Md. Ruhul Amin
SSO,OFRD, BARI,
Joydebpur, Gazipur
21 June,
2009
Agronomy BSMRAU
Growth behavior, nutrient
management and yield
performance of mungbean
under excess soil moisture
condition
14. Latifa Yasmin
SSO,Plant
Pathology Section,
Horticulture
Research Center,
BARI, Joydebpur,
Gazipur
02/03/2009 Plant
Pathology BAU
Integrated Management of
Leaf Blight and Corm Rot
of Gladiolus
15. Md. Mahbubar
Rahman Salim
SSO,ARS, BARI,
Thakurgaon
18/06/2009 Horticulture BSMRAU
Genetic Diversity,
Combining ability and
Heterosis of Winter
Tomato
16. Md. Ashraful Alam
SSO, RHRC,
BARI,Chapainabab
ganj
17/06/2009 Horticulture BAU
Development of a package
of technology for
enhancing yield, quality
and shelf life of mango
17. Md. Kamrul Hasan
SSO, Spices
Research Center,
BARI, Sibgonj,
Bogra
29/06/2009 Agricultural
Economics BAU
Economic Impact of
Agricultural Research and
Extension on Major Spices
in Bangladesh: An Ex-post
Analysis
18. Md. Shawquat Ali
Khan
SSO, Spices
Research Center,
BARI, Sibgonj,
Bogra
18.06.2009
Agronomy BSMRAU
Interactive Effects of
Salinity and Water-Stress
on Morpho-Physiology of
Soybean [Glycine max (L.)
Merr.]
19. Md. Kamrul Islam
SSO, ARS, BARI,
Burirhat, Rangpur 15/06/2009 Agronomy BAU
Performance of
potato+maize+mungbean
intercropping as influenced
by different agronomic
management
20. Sarker Saifun
Kakon
SO, Agronomy
Division, BARI,
Joydebpur, Gazipur
17/06/2009 Agronomy BAU
Growth, yield and seed
quality of French bean as
affected by management
practices
181
National PhD Fellows
Sl
No.
Name & address Date of
Admission
Field of
Study
University Title of Experiment
21. Md. Shakhawat
Hossain
SO,On-Farm
Research Division,
Barind Station,
BARI, Paramedical
Road, Laxmipur,
Rajshahi
14/06/2009 Agronomy BAU
Influence of integrated
plant nutrient system and
legume crops inclusion on
the productivity in Wheat-
Rice cropping pattern
22. Nazma Akther
SO,Wheat Research
Center, BARI,
Joydebpur, Gazipur
15/06/2009 Agronomy BAU
Growth and yield response
of wheat to field
production environment
under different sowing
dates.
23. Shyamal Brahma
SO,Spices Research
Center, BARI,
Sibgonj, Bogra
29/06/2009 Soil Science BAU
Fertilizer Recommendation
for Onion and Maintenance
of Soil Fertility under
Integrated Nutrient
Management System
24. Md. Masroor
Anwer
SSO,Textile
Physics Division,
BJRI, Dhaka
26/04/2009
Polymer
Science BUET
Electrical, Thermal and
Optical Properties of
Plasma Treated Jute
25. Md. Nazrul Islam
SSO, Pest
Management
Division, BJRI,
Dhaka
17/06/2009 Entomology BAU
Study on Bionomics,
damage severity and
management of jute yellow
mite,
Polyphagotarsonemus
latus (Bank)
26. Abul Kashem Md.
Shahadat Hossain
SSO, Jute Research
Regional Center,
BJRI, Chandina
04/07/2009 Biotechnolog
y BAU
Diversity Analysis In-vitro
Regeneration and
Agrobacterium-mediated
genetic Transformation of
Kenaf
(Hibiscus cannabinus L.)
27. Md. Rahimul Alam
SO, Breeding
Division, BSRI,
Ishurdi, Pabna
August,
2009
Biometrical
Genetics RU
Diversity Estimates and
Selection Study of
Sugarcane Hybrids
Suitable for Agro-Climatic
Conditions of the North-
Western Zone of the
Country
28. Mst. Kohinoor
Begum
SSO, Physiology
04/5/2008 Biotechnolog
y BAU
Micropropagation of
sugarcane to evaluate
somaclones for the
182
National PhD Fellows
Sl
No.
Name & address Date of
Admission
Field of
Study
University Title of Experiment
and Sugar
Chemistry Division,
BSRI, Ishurdi,
Pabna
development of salt and
drought tolerant cultivar
29. Shalina Akhter
SSO, RSRC, BSRI,
Joydebpur, Gazipur
18/06/2009
Entomology BSMRAU
Bio-Ecology and
management approaches
against Sugarcane
Termites
30. Md. Azharul Islam
SSO, Training and
Technology
Transfer Division,
BSRI, Ishurdi,
Pabna
17.06.2009
Technology
Transfer BSMRAU
Impact of training in
changing knowledge,
attitude and practices of
sugarcane growers
31. Md. Nazmul Bari
SSO, Entomology
Division, BRRI,
Joydebpur, Gazipur 16/06/2009 Entomology BAU
Potentiality of an egg
parasitoid, Trichogramma
zahiri Polaszek as a bio-
control agent of rice hispa,
Dicladispa armigera
(Olivier)
32. Biswajit Karmakar
SSO, Adaptive
Research Division,
BRRI, Rajshahi
16/06/2009 Agronomy BAU
Response of rice genotypes
to crop management
practices in drought prone
rainfed environment
33. AKM Saiful Islam
SSO, FMPHT
Division, BRRI,
Joydebpur, Gazipur
16/06/2009
Farm Power
and
Machinery
BAU
Development of Versatile
Multi-Crop Planter for
Conservation Agriculture
34. Shahnaz Parveen
SSO, Adaptive
Research Division,
BRRI, Joydebpur,
Gazipur
17/06/2009 Plant
Pathology BAU
Integrated Management of
Sheath Blight Disease of
Rice
35. A.T.M. Sakhawat
Hossain
SO, Soil Science
Division, BRRI,
Joydebpur, Gazipur
22/06/2009 Soil Science BAU
Phosphorus Fertilizer
Management Effect on
Phosphorus Fraction and
Nutrient in Wetland Rice
36. Md. Mosaddeque
Hossain
SSO, Entomology
Division, BRRI
Regional Station,
BRRI, Shyampur,
Rajshahi
24/06/2009 Entomology BAU
Studies on species
composition and
management strategies of
rice stem borers
183
National PhD Fellows
Sl
No.
Name & address Date of
Admission
Field of
Study
University Title of Experiment
37. Md. Golam Kibria
Bhuiyan
SSO, FMPHT
Division, BRRI,
Joydebpur, Gazipur
16/06/2009
Farm Power
and
Machinery
BAU
Supply and Value Chain
Analysis of Rice Milling
Sub-sector in Bangladesh
38. Saiyera Chowdhury
SO, Soil Science
Division, BINA,
Mymensingh
16/06/2009 Soil Science BAU
Nodulation, Nitrogen
Fixation and Yield of
Mungbean as Influenced
by Dual Inoculation with
Rhizobia and Mycorrhiza
39. Shamima Begum
SO, TCP Division,
BINA,
Mymensingh
16/06/2009
Agricultural
Extension and
Education
BAU
Constraints in the
Adaptation of Selected
BINA Developed Crop
Varieties at Farmers Level
40. Mst. Fahmina
Yasmine
SO, Plant Breeding
Division, BINA,
Mymensingh
29/07/2009 Biotechnolog
y BAU
Morpho-molecular
variability assessment and
genotype-environment
interaction of groundnut
(Arachis hypogea L) under
saline stress condition
41. Md. Shahidul Islam
SO, BFRI
(Fisheries),
Mymensingh
30/06/2009 Agricultural
Economics BAU
Environmental and
Socioeconomic Impacts of
Shrimp Farming in
Bangladesh
42. Md. Saiful Islam
SSO,Agricultural
Economics
Division, BRRI,
Joydebpur, Gazipur
18/06/2009 Agricultural
Economics BSMRAU
Adoptation and
Profitability of Hybrid
Rice Production in
Bangladesh
43. Md. Aminul Islam
SSO,Soil Science
Division, BRRI, RS
Habiganj, B. Baria
18/6/2009 Soil Science BSMRAU
Lon-term Potassium
Fertilization Effects on
Soil Potassium
Characteristics And Rice
Plant Nutrition
44.
Saleh Md.Ashraful
Haque SO,Plant
Pathology Dpt, Pest
Management
Divi,BJRI, Dhaka
27/12/2009 Plant
Pathology BAU
Quality, health status and
storing methods of
farmer’s jute seed in
Bangladesh and
developing a model of safe
storing methods at farmer’s
level.
45. Md. Mosharaf
Uddin Mollah
SO,Jute Farming
System
27/12/2009 Agricultural
Economics BAU
An Analysis of Jute Sector
in Bangladesh:
Comparative Advantage,
Domestic Marketing
184
National PhD Fellows
Sl
No.
Name & address Date of
Admission
Field of
Study
University Title of Experiment
Division,,BJRI,
Dhaka
System and Export
Potential
46. Md. Anayet Ullah
SO,Regional
Laboratory, SRDI,
Shasangacha,Comil
la
16/08/2010 Soil Science BAU
Cadmium Dynamics in
Soil Plant System
47. MS. Masuda
Begum
SO,Regional
Laboratory, SRDI
,Dhaka.
18/06/2009 Soil Science BSMRAU
Integrated nutrient
management in boro and
its residual effect on okra
48. Ms. Fahmida Pervin
SO,Regional
Office,Mrittika
Bhaban,SRDI,
Dhaka
17/6/2009 Soil Science BAU
Integrated phosphorus
management for rice
production
49. Begum Samia
Sultana
SO,SRDI, District
Office, Dinajpur 16/06/2009 Soil Science BAU
Amendment of piedmont
soils with lime and organic
matter for sustainable crop
production in the Potato-
Mungbean-T.aman and
Wheat-Mungbean-T.aman
rice cropping patterns
50. Md. Abul Fazal
Mollah
SSO,Regional
Station, BJRI,
Kishorganj
19/01/2010 Seed
Technology BAU
Yield and Quality of Kenaf
Seed as Influenced by
Production and Storage
Environment
51. Md. Lutfar Rahman
SSO,Regional
Station,BJRI, Jagir,
Manikganj
12/01/2010 Agricultural
Extension BAU
Prospects of late jute seed
production at farmer’s
level
52. Shah Md.Helal
Uddin
Senior Assistant
Chief(Policy-3),
Ministry of
Agriculture
10/3/2010 Agricultural
Economics BSMRAU
Study the Effectiveness of
Urea Super Granule on the
Production of Rice and
Ensuring Food Security in
Bangladesh
53. Md. Asaduzzaman
SSO, Onfarm
Research Division,
BARI, Shibpur,
Norsingdi
04/5/2008 Horticulture BAU
Improved seed production
techniques of sweet pepper
185
National PhD Fellows
Sl
No.
Name & address Date of
Admission
Field of
Study
University Title of Experiment
54. Ms. Sharmin
Akhter
SO,SRDI,Khamarb
ari Sarak, Dhaka
12/01/2010
Geographical
Information
System (GIS)
DU
Application of GIS to
assess the land resource
potentials for planning
Agricultural Development
55. Md. Rabiul Awal
Hossen
SO,BFRI,Riverine
station, Chandpur
11-01-2010
Open Water
Aquaculture DU
Development of
Sustainable Cage Culture
Practice for Tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus L.)
in Riverine Ecosystem
56. Mr. David Rintu
Das
SO,BFRI,
Freshwater Sub-
station, Saidpur,
Nilphamari.
28/01/2010 Aquaculture BAU
Infestations and Diseases
of Juvenile Farmed Fishes
of Mymensingh
57. Shefali Boonerje
SO, Botany
Division, BTRI,
Srimongal,
Moulvibazar
01/01/2010
Botany DU
Development of In Vitro
Propagation System in Tea
Plant (Camellia sinensis
L.) Through
Organogenesis and
Somatic Embryogenesis.
58. Md. Shariful Islam
SO, Physiology
and Sugar
Chemistry Division,
BSRI, Ishurdi,
Pabna
25/09/2008 Crop Botany BAU
Effects of Light
Interception on Sequential
Intercrop Production in
Sugarcane
59. Md. Harun-Ar-
Rashid
SSO, Rice Farming
System Division,
BRRI, Joydebpur,
Gazipur
21/9/2010 Rice Farming
System BAU
60. Mohammad
Mohiuddin
SO, Agrill.
Economics
Division, RARS,
BARI, Hathazari,
Chittagong
15/3/2011 Agricultural
Economics BAU
186
Appendix 5: Determinants of T. Aman (RYGM) and Boro (RYGM) Technology
Adoption and Level of Adoption
Regressors T. Aman (RYGM) Boro (RYGM)
Determinants
of adoption
Determinants
of level of
adoption
Determinants
of adoption
Determinants
of level of
adoption
Coefficient (S.E.)
CIG membership
(dummy)
1.463
(0.391)***
105.197
(36.365)***
1.015
(0.391)***
74.248
(48.468)
Agricultural fair
visitors (dummy)
-0.224
(0.245)
-9.623
(23.594)
0.410
(0.250)*
-35.430
(26.175)
Trainee (dummy) 0.105
(0.385)
1.213
(31.895)
0.190
(0.370)
37.941
(46.157)
FIAC visitors
(dummy)
0.325
(0.186)*
16.574
(20.062)
0.671
(0.178)***
63.238
(20.360)***
Log of own
cultivable land
(decimal)
0.094
(0.056)*
24.398
(7.806)***
0.161
(0.061)***
20.896
(7.322)***
Log of annual off
farm income (tk)
-0.009
(0.019)
-1.963
(2.015)
0.00000002
(0.0000007)
-1.050
(2.171)
Education status of
the farmer
-0.104
(0.110)
-13.819
(11.261)
-0.052
(0.109)
0.585
(12.583)
Active family
members in the
household (no)
0.016
(0.066)
22.09
(9.553)***
-0.070
(0.071)
9.099
(7.534)
Household
member with
farming as primary
occupation (no)
-0.004
(0.153)
9.350
(16.296)
0.102
(0.148)
11.074
(16.871)
Boro (AWD)
adoption (dummy)
-1.006
(0.211)***
36.283
(22.030)*
Constant -0.983
(0.37)***
-174.74
(50.10)***
-1.609
(0.341)***
-218.621
(46.488)***
Prob > chi2 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
N 300 300 300 300
187
Appendix 6: The Evaluation Team
Name Organization Position Assigned in
the Evaluation Study
Dr. M. Asaduzzaman Bangladesh Institute of Development
Studies (BIDS)
Evaluation Specialist
(Team Leader)
Dr.S.M.Zahedul Islam Chowdhury Bangladesh Institute of Development
Studies (BIDS)
Researcher/Study
Director (BIDS)
Dr. Md. Ahiduzzaman Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
Agricultural University (BSMRAU)
Agri-Engineer
Dr. Asif Reza Anik Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
Agricultural University (BSMRAU)
Agricultural
Economist