immunoglobulin images. dr frederick banting was a canadian doctor who was awarded a nobel prize for...
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IMMUNOGLOBULIN IMAGES
Dr Frederick Banting was a Canadian doctor who was awarded a Nobel Prize for discovering insulin with Professor John Macleod.
Credit: Wellcome Library, London
Antibody
Monoclonal antibodies target a specific antigen and are derived from the same cell and grown in a clonal population. Polyclonal antibodies are derived from a mix of antibodies and, therefore, can bind to multiple antigens. In this image the antigens are depicted as gold rings and the binding site of the monoclonal antibodies are gold clefts in the Y-shaped antibody structure.
Credit: Anna Tanczos, Wellcome Images
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Monoclonal antibodies
This image shows two frog IgM antibody molecules. Each molecule contains six Y-shaped subunits analogous to IgG molecules that are held together in a star shape. Each IgM is approximately 30 nm in diameter.
Credit: R Dourmashkin, Wellcome Images
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Frog IgM antibodies
This image shows isolated immunoglobulin M (IgM) molecules showing the radial arrangement of the subunits. In mammals there are five Y-shaped subunits analogous to single IgG molecules. IgM is expressed in response to antigenic stimulation in the early stage of an infection, whereas IgG is expressed later. The presence of IgM is important in diagnosing the early stage of an infection. Multiple
myeloma in humans produces large amounts of IgM protein. Credit: R Dourmashkin, Wellcome Images
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Immunoglobulin M antibody molecules
Fab (fragment antigen-binding) fragments of antibodies are produced when antibody molecules are cleaved with proteolytic enzymes. The action of papain produces an Fc fragment, so called because it readily crystallises. This model shows a ribbon diagram of an immunoglobulin Fc fragment and fragment B of
protein A complex. Credit: T Blundell and N Campillo, Wellcome Images
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Immunoglobulin Fc and fragment B of protein A
A transmission electron micrograph showing collagen fibrils exhibiting focal swelling and loss of periodic cross-banding in the trabecular meshwork of a person with glaucoma. The trabecular meshwork is the structure through which the aqueous humour in the anterior chamber drains into Schlemm’s canal. The obstruction of this process may represent a mechanism by which the intraocular pressure is raised in
glaucoma. The proteoglycans that are normally attached to the collagen fibrils have become detached and are seen as small short filaments. The intact fibrils are approximately 120 nm in diameter. Credit: Rob Young, Wellcome Images
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Antibody structure diagram
Edward Jenner was an English doctor who pioneered the smallpox vaccine. He is pictured here vaccinating a child held by its mother. Credit: Wellcome Library, London
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Edward Jenner vaccinating a young child
Printed for Edward Jenner by Sampson Low, and sold by the bookseller Law, 1798. Credit: Wellcome Library, London
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‘An Inquiry into the Causes and Effects of the Variolae Vaccine’
A patient in bed with smallpox, attended by a physician. Credit: Wellcome Library, London
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Poster of patient with smallpox
This image shows micron-scale needles (microneedles) in a patch, formed out of a biodegradable polymer, held by tweezers. Researchers have shown these materials to be useful in painlessly and safely penetrating the outer layers of the skin for the delivery of vaccines and therapeutics. By optimising needle height, base diameter and tip diameter, researchers have designed a platform capable of delivering
vaccine components and other therapeutics to immune-competent cells in the skin, while eliminating the risk of blood-borne pathogen transmission and rendering potential vaccine delivery painless. Credit: Peter DeMuth, Wellcome Images
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Microneedle vaccine patch with tweezers
This image shows micron-scale needles (microneedles) formed out of a biodegradable polymer. Researchers have shown these materials to be useful in painlessly and safely penetrating the outer layers of the skin for the delivery of vaccines and therapeutics. The scale bar (black)
represents 0.5 mm. Credit: Peter DeMuth, Wellcome Images
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Microneedle vaccine patch
Human skin contains many layers, including the epidermis and the dermis. This image of the dermis layer of skin shows fibroblasts and thick collagen bundles (connective tissue). Credit: Ivor Mason, Wellcome Images
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Normal spleen showing B cells and T cells
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