Immunity

Innate and Adaptive

Engage

You will be watching a movie clip from Body Defenses Against Diseases

Explore

What Do Bones Have to Do With the Immune System?

You are going to color, label and research the functions of the immune system organs.

Explore Immune System Manipulative You will use large laminated pieces

representing structures like antigens, interferons, anti-viral proteins, phagocytosis, inflammation, leukocytes, and other concepts of specific and non-specific immunology of the immune system to illustrate the various steps that occur during the “battle of the antigens.”

Explain

Are we constantly bombarded with pathogens?

Are we constantly sick? How do we not stay sick all of the

time? Nonspecific (Innate Immune System)

Skin

First line of defense Barrier Populated by millions of microbes

that inhibit the multiplication of pathogens on the skin

Secretions Mucus, Gastric Juices, Sweat, Tears,

Saliva Muscus – keeps body areas from drying

out Viscous (thick) – traps microbes, swallowed

and gastric juices destroy bacteria and their toxins

Sweat, Tears, Saliva Enzyme Lysozyme – breaks down the cell

walls of some bacteria

Phagocytosis What if microbes pass skin and

secretions? Encounter cells that carry on

phagocytosis Phagocyte –leukocyte that ingests

and destroys pathogens by engulfing them

Macrophage – giant scavengers or big eaters – develop from monocytes

They eventually die and leave a collection of dead white blood cells and various body fluids - pus

Inflammation and Innate Immunity

Inflammation

Reaction to any type of injury to body tissues (Infection or Trauma)

Four Symptoms – Caused by Release of Histamines

1. Redness2. Swelling3. Pain4. Heat

Phagocytes migrate to injured site Ingest pathogens Release a chemical to cause hypothalamus to reset

temperature A temp is good to a point

Protective Proteins (Slide 1)

Complement – group of proteins attach to pathogens damage their plasma membrane Attract phagocytes

What about viruses?

Protective Proteins (Slide 2)

Phagocytes CANNOT destroy viruses

Interferons Protect human cells

from viruses Produced by body cells

infected by the virus Diffuses into uninfected

neighboring cells They produce antiviral

proteins that disrupt viral replication

Adaptive Immune System(Specific)

Immunity – the body recognizes a SPECIFIC pathogen

SPECIFIC – job of lymphatic system Humoral (Antibody) immunity Cell-Mediated immunity

Three Basic Functions of Lymphatic System

1. Maintains homeostasis – constant body fluid level

2. Absorbs fat from digestion3. Defends against disease

Defense Against Disease

Traps foreign particles for filtration Lymph – tissue fluid when it enters

lymphatic vessels - colorless

Organs of Lymphatic System

Lymph Organs Lymph MUST be filtered before

it returns to the blood Lymphatic organs

Tonsils Thymus Lymph Nodes Liver Spleen Peyer’s Patch on Small Intestine Bone Marrow

Tongue and Tonsils

Fights bacteria and other harmful materials that enters your nose and mouth

Lymph Nodes & Lymphocytes

Lymph Node – small tissue mass that holds lymphocytes – filters lymph (e.g., Tonsils)

Liver/Spleen Detects and responds

to foreign substances in the blood

Filters out and destroys bacteria and worn-out red blood cells

DOES NOT filter lymph it filters _______.

Antibody Immunity(Chemical Warfare)

Self vs. Non-Self Initial Infection

Foreign antigen get in the body it causes the production of antibodies

Reinfection – do not get sick; have immunity - fight off future infections

e.g., B-Cell produce antibodies when activated

Bone Marrow

B-Cells Produce Antibodies

Thymus Gland Located above the heart Where lymphocytes

mature and develop into cells that fight SPECIFIC pathogens

T-Cells

Newborns and Young Children- prominent- continues to grow until pubertyAFTER Puberty- gradually decreases in size

Cellular Immunity

Memory B-Cells Helper T-Cells, Killer

T-Cells and Suppressor T-Cells

Continually circulate through the blood looking for the presence of past infections

Vaccination and Immunizations

Inject viral or bacterial protein into the body to mount up an immune response and cause immunity

Immune System Disorders, I

Allergies Overreaction of immune system Allergens; cause mast cells to

release histamines Antihistamines

Immune System Disorders, II

Autoimmune Diseases Makes a mistake and attacks the body’s own cells. Can’t distinguish between self and non-self

Examples1. Type I Diabetes – attacks insulin producing cells2. Rheumatoid arthritis – connective tissue in joints3. Myasthenia gravis – neuromuscular junctions4. Multiple sclerosis – neurons in brain and spinal

cord

Immune System Disorders, II

Immunodeficiency Disease Immune system fails to develop normally

or the immune system is destroyed SCIDS – Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

Syndrome AIDS

Elaborate

Watch immune system clip with ice climber Rob Taylor from the 1995 PBS video Universe Within.

You will visit the following website: http://nobelprize.org/

educational_games/medicine/immunity/ At this website, you will find a link to an

animated immune system game that will help you better understand the immune system.

Evaluate

Without any assistance, you will correctly label 5 out of 6 immune system organs with their name and function when completing the immune system cut and paste activity.