Immune SystemImmune System

Protection(chapter 23.1-23.3)Protection(chapter 23.1-23.3)

SmallpoxSmallpox Latin word for Latin word for

““spottedspotted”” Serious, sometimes Serious, sometimes

fatal, contagious fatal, contagious diseasedisease– No treatmentNo treatment– Spread through general Spread through general

contact and contact and contaminated beddingcontaminated bedding

First recorded in First recorded in china china over years agoover years ago– Pharaoh Ramses V died Pharaoh Ramses V died

of smallpox in 1157 BCof smallpox in 1157 BC

http://image.pathfinder.com/time/2001/underthreat/unhysterical/images/smallpox.gif

SymptomsSymptoms 11stst sign: develop a rash sign: develop a rash

on tongue and in mouthon tongue and in mouth Fever, headaches, Fever, headaches,

vomitingvomiting Rash develops into Rash develops into

soressores– Sores become pus-filled Sores become pus-filled

with depression in the with depression in the middlemiddle

– Sores become scabs Sores become scabs which eventually break which eventually break offoff

– Sometimes deathSometimes death

http://www.viewzone.com/smallpox.baby.jpg

Dr. JennerDr. Jenner

Physician in Physician in EnglandEngland

Saw that milkmaids Saw that milkmaids infected with infected with cowpox were not cowpox were not getting smallpoxgetting smallpox

http://www.steele.com/pirosmani/life/cow.jpg

http://www.jhucct.com/clm/images/jenner.jpg

Jenner’s experimentJenner’s experiment

Took the pus from a cowpox Took the pus from a cowpox sore on a milkmaid, sore on a milkmaid, Sarah Sarah NelmesNelmes

Inoculated(injected) his Inoculated(injected) his gardener’s 8 year old son, gardener’s 8 year old son, James PhippsJames Phipps– He developed cowpox and He developed cowpox and

recoveredrecovered– After 8 weeks, exposed him to After 8 weeks, exposed him to

smallpox which he never smallpox which he never developeddeveloped

InoculationInoculation

Method of preventing fatal diseasesMethod of preventing fatal diseases Take matter from an already infected personTake matter from an already infected person

– With mild form of diseaseWith mild form of disease Inject into a healthy personInject into a healthy person

– Healthy person will hopefully get a mild infectionHealthy person will hopefully get a mild infection Immune to real diseaseImmune to real disease Drawback: very riskyDrawback: very risky

– Mild infection not always so mildMild infection not always so mild– Sometimes just as fatalSometimes just as fatal

VaccinationVaccination

““vacca”= Latin word for cowvacca”= Latin word for cow– Using dead or weakened organisms to Using dead or weakened organisms to

induce immunity without actually induce immunity without actually causing diseasecausing disease

We use We use vacciniavaccinia virus virus– Strain of cowpox virus Strain of cowpox virus – Preven smallpoxPreven smallpox

Rare side effectsRare side effects– May cause neurological problemsMay cause neurological problems

End of smallpox?End of smallpox?

Last reported case was in Last reported case was in 19781978

Ali Mao MaalinAli Mao Maalin a cook in a cook in Merca, Somalia Merca, Somalia

Following September 11 Following September 11 bioterrorist threats are fearedbioterrorist threats are feared

Smallpox is recognized as a Smallpox is recognized as a very likely candidate because very likely candidate because of it’s deadly reputation and of it’s deadly reputation and ease in spreading through ease in spreading through large populationslarge populations