immune response to infectious diseases.pdf

7/25/2019 Immune Response to Infectious Diseases.pdf

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InfectiousDiseases

20110430


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ImmunedefenseVSpathogen infection


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ViralInfections

ProtozoanDiseases

DiseasesCaused

by

Parasitic

Worms

(Helminths)


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sitesofinfection


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Mechanismsofviralentryintohost

.


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acuteinfectionsandpersistent

infection


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Hostresponseagainstacuteinfection


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Theinnateimmuneresponsetoviral


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AdaptiveImmuneResponsetoViral


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VirusesCanEvadeHostDefense


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n uenzav rus

n ect on


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Sitesofinfluenzaentryinthe

respiratory

tract.


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Theadaptiveimmuneresponseduring

infectionwith

influenza

virus.


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influenzaVirusesEvadedHostDefense

Mechanisms

Thevirus

can

change

its

surface

antigens

so

completelythattheimmuneresponse

variationinHAandNA:antigenicdriftand

antigenics i t.


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Antigenicshift


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Inactivatedvirus

Recombinantsubunit,DNAandvectored

vaccines. Universalinfluenzavirusvaccines.


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Newresearchforinfluenza

Eachgroupseems tosharearegionofsequence

conservationinthestemthatcanserveasatargetof

broadlyneutralizingantibodiesdirectedtothis

reg on.


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ThethreemainpathwaysofHBvreplicationin

e g

pos ve

pa en s


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immuneresponsetoHBVinfection


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HBV

HBV

TLRIFN

Ttreg


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Differenthepaticantigenpresentingcellsuse

B7H1

to

promote

local

Tcell

tolerance.


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dendriticcell

me a e HIVtransmission


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CD4andCD8cellnumberduringthe

courseof

HIV

infection


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MechanismsofCD4+TcelldeathinHIVinfection


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d d i i f i


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cDCs andpDCs duringHIVinfection.

viral load and CD4 cell count will help your doctor determine the


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viralload,andCD4cellcountwillhelpyourdoctordeterminethe

right

time

to

start

therapy.

HIVmedicationsorARVtherapy,including:

NNRTIs(ornonNucs):Nonnucleosidereversetranscriptaseinhibitors

NRTIs(orNucs):Nucleosidereversetranscriptaseinhibitors

PIs:Proteaseinhibitors

Entryinhibitors

Integraseinhibitors


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HIV V i


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HIVVaccine


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Immune

Response

to

Bacterial

Infections


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Extracellularbacteria:

Intracellular

bacteria:

againstintracellularbacteria.

I R t B t i l I f ti


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ImmuneResponsetoBacterialInfections


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Antibodymediated

forcombating

extracellularbacteria.

Invademechanismsbyextracellular


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Tuberculosis


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Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis


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Tuberculosis

PhasesofinfectionMycobacterium


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.

The natural history of Mycobacterium


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ThenaturalhistoryofMycobacterium

tuberculosisinfection.


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Macrophagesarekeyeffectorcellsinmycobacterialkilling,butcanalsoprovidea

nichefor

bacterial

multiplication.


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EventsthatmightleadtofailureofBCGindeveloping

countries


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countries


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Causedb ParasiticWorms


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Cestodes (tapeworms) Trematodes (flukes)

(roundworms)

Bodycovering Tegument Tegument Cuticle

Sex Hermaphroditic

schistosomeswhichare

dioecious

Dioecious

Ascariasis,

Examplediseasesin

Tapeworm

infection

Schistosomiasis,

'

dracunculiasis,

elephantiasis,

enterobiasis (pinworm),

umans sw mme s

c a as s,

oo wo m,

onchocerciasis,

trichinosis,trichuriasis

(whipworm)


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Schistosomiasisiscausedbydigeneticbloodtrematodes.

ThethreemainspeciesinfectinghumansareSchistosoma

,

.

,

.

.


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After

infection

with

Schistosomamansoni,

theinitialimmune

response


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