Immigration A. Who are They

1. Old Immigrants (____________________) – ___________________ and ___________________ Europeans – ________________________________________________________________________ – Religion: Protestants

2. New Immigrants (Starting in ___________________) – ___________________ and ___________________ Europeans – Czech, _______________, Hungarian, Italian, ________________, Russian – Religion: ___________________, ___________________, and _______________

B. Coming to America 1. Why come to America?

- Seeking a ___________________ - ___________________ and little ___________________ in their own country - Religious ___________________ - US viewed as the _______________________________

2. The Trip Across the Ocean - Passage to the US was ____________ for a reason - ______________________________________ - ___________________ conditions - Most ______________ immigrants traveled in the

________________ or ___________________ of the boat 3. Ellis Island

- In ___________________ Harbor - Gateway for ________________ million immigrants - Used from 1892-1954 - Immigrants held in

______________________________________ - They were interviewed for___________________ and inspected for ___________ - If immigrants had ___________________ (an eye disease) they would be

___________________ immediately - Some were held for ___________________

4. Angel Island - ___________________ - 1910-1940 - Immigration ______________________________________ - Many ___________________ had come to America during the ___________________

Gold Rush. - The Chinese ___________________ Act 1882 stopped ___________________ for 10

years. ___________________in 1892. - Japanese went to ___________________ for the sugar ___________________ Later they

moved to the ___________________. Japanese were put in ___________________ schools.

– Angel Island – Like ___________________ Island only outside ______________________________________. More prison like than Ellis ___________________.

“The ventilation is almost always inadequate, and the air soon becomes foul. The unattended vomit of the seasick, the odors of not too clean bodies, the reek of food and the awful stench of the nearby toilet rooms make the atmosphere of the steerage such that it is a marvel that human flesh can endure it…All of these conditions are naturally aggravated by the crowding.”

C. Conditions for Immigrants 1. Living Conditions

– Most immigrants lived in ___________________ – Lived in Tenements (__________________________ apartment buildings) – _________________________________________________________ – ______________________________________ – ______________________________________ – No ___________________ or ___________________ systems

2. Working Conditions – Routine ______________________________________ – ___________________ hrs a day ___________________ days a week – Low pay = ______________________________________ a year – ______________________________________ atmosphere – ___________________ and ___________________work too

D. Reaction to Immigrants 1. Nativism

– The ___________________that those who had been here ___________________ – Viewed immigrants as a ___________________ to ___________________ – Viewed them as a ___________________to the ___________________

• Accepted ___________________, ___________________ from Americans 2. Immigration Laws

– ___________________ of immigrants continued to ___________________ – US passed laws ______________________________________ of immigrants that

could come in – Chinese Exclusion Act: 1882, Bans immigration for 10 years – In 1917 Congress passed a Literacy Test. You had to be able to

_________________________________________________________.