IMMIGRATION INTO THE EUROPEAN

UNION FROM THE THIRD

COUNTRIES

“Flexibility in a transnational and transitional labour market”

Welcome!

Members of the topic group:• Asta Vazgauskaite and Lina Sumskaite• Moisès Farrés Serra • Alessandro Giovanelli and Clelia Pesce• Sofie Vlamings• Janine Slabbekoorn• Stefanie Balla

Coaches: Bart Roels and Lizzy Challik

Overview

• Thesis• Ageing of the EU labour market • History and facts• Legislation• Consequences• Conclusion• Recommendation

• Immigration policy• Integration policy

Thesis

ORGANISED IMMIGRATION AS A WAY TO FILL UP THE FUTURE GAP IN

THE EUROPEAN LABOUR MARKET

Ageing of the European labour market

Ageing societyPopulation Projections:

• Share of elderly will increase by 35% in the next 20 years• Because of the current birth rate the younger group is much

smaller• Effect: gap on the European labour market

2005 2025 2050 EU (25 countries) 458.5 470.1 449.8

Effect of the demographic ageing

The population of the European Union by age, sex and labour status in 2005 (observed) and 2025 (projected)

Shortage on the labour market

Effect of labour migration on employment 2005- 2050 in the EU-25

Employment 2005

Baseline employment

2050

No migration employment

2050

Immigrated labour 2005-2050

194 551 000 -31 926 000 (- 16%)

-54 449 000 (- 28%)

22 523 000

HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF EUROPEAN MIGRATION

• 1945 - 1960s - displacements of World War II, the return migration, inflows of workers

• 1950s – migration emerged – Italians, Spanish, Portuguese,

Greeks, Turks, Yugoslavs, Tunisians and Moroccans

• 1970s - “no job considerations”, most notably by “quality of life” factors, including environment and cost of living issues

• 2004 - 25 million (5.5%) (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK)

History of migration

2000-2004EU-15 0.2%

Germany 0.6%

The number of citizens from the 10 new Member States of the total population of the EU-15

2005 EU-25 Member States (except

Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, the Netherlands, Estonia.)

POSITIVE

Net migration in the EU-25

Historical immigration figures

Population change

Source: Eurostat

Current legislation at European level

Community pillar(Freedom, Security, Justice)

Since 1999Treaty of

Amsterdam

Immigration policy

Current legislation on European level

The Tampere Agenda of the European Council(1999- 2004)

Achievements:• Family reunification• EU long-term residence status• Students, researchers

Current legislation on European level

The role of the Commission1. Several proposals for the implementation of a

common immigration policy2. Proposal for a Directive3. Soft law

Last initiatives of the European Commission• The communication “Migration and Development”• The Green Paper • The Policy Plan on Legal Migration

Current legislation on European level

Integration policies

• The Hague Programme• The Best Practices Exchange: Network of National

Contacts Point• Handbook on Integration• A Common Agenda for integration

• Financial resources: Integration Fund

Current legislation on national level

Quota basedsystemsITALY

SPAIN

Work as a key

No possibilityto enter

looking for a jobNeed for

Investigation and analysis of the

LM

Flexible SystemsBELGIUM

GERMANY

LITHUANIA

Special case:THE NETHERLANDS

Regulation in the market W

ork residence

General requirements

(other treaties)

Current legislation on national level

Current legislation on national level

The problemof qualified workers

Low skilled and high skilled divisions

The GERMAN model

Consequences on European level

• Gap on the European labour market will be filled• Growth of the employment rate• Cultural compromise will take a more significant place in

society and on the labour market• New demands for flexibility, cooperation, mobility,

education• More bureaucratic inconveniences and legal restrictions

Consequences for employers and employees

Employers (company level):• Need to introduce policies to manage cultural differences• Need more flexible labour contracts• Have to adjust the recruitment canals• Cultural dialogue

Employees (from third countries):• More possibilities to get employed• More possibilities to get a better job position• Social and cultural difficulties

Conclusion

Ageing of Labour MarketShortage of 32 million on the European labour Market (16%, 2050)

In the past and at present migrant workers are needed to decrease the shortage on labour market

But this need will grow, by the effects of the demographic ageing

Conclusion

Migration as a solution • Countries versus EU policies

• Integration of immigrantso Righto Duty

• Protection of rights of immigrantso Regulation of entranceo Policies for migrants

Recommendations

1. Immigration policy

2. Country related recommendations

3. Initiatives of the EU

4. Integration policy

1. Immigration policy

• Different canals for high skilled and low skilled employees = a selective migration

• Flexibilise the criteria of entrance: Canadian model

EU 3rd country (D)

Country A

Country B

Country C

A nurse

CentralizedEmployment

Agency(CEA)

CEA

CEA

Central employment

agency European Migration agency

Regional employment

agency(REA)

REA

REA

EURES

The proposal

2. Country related recommendations

Labour market versus Security and Public orderCanadian model

Belgium, the Netherlands

Italy, Spain

Germany

Lithuania

Manage the migrants inside

Manage the arriving flows of migration

Flexibilise the system;Canadian model

More admissions (based on needs)

3. Initiatives of the EU

• Soft law versus hard law

• Special institution: European Migration Agency

4. Integration policy

• Improve access to education • Cultural integration • Non-racist and intercultural approach• Equal treatment should be enforced• Same social rights as EU- nationals makes EU attractive

The End

Thank you for your attentionAny questions? Please dial Bart Roels