immigrants in the united states
DESCRIPTION
Immigrants in the United States. Dr. Marni Davis Assistant Professor of History Georgia State University. “Once I thought to write a history of the immigrants in America. Then I discovered that the immigrants were American history.” - Oscar Handlin, The Uprooted (1951). 1870s – 1920s: - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Immigrants in the United States](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816049550346895dcf70f0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Immigrants in the United States
Dr. Marni DavisAssistant Professor of History
Georgia State University
![Page 2: Immigrants in the United States](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816049550346895dcf70f0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Immigrants in the United States](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816049550346895dcf70f0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
“Once I thought to write a history of the immigrants in America. Then I discovered that the immigrants were American history.”
- Oscar Handlin, The Uprooted (1951)
![Page 4: Immigrants in the United States](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816049550346895dcf70f0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Immigrants in the United States](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816049550346895dcf70f0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
1870s – 1920s:• Approximately 23.5
million immigrants arrived in the United States
• Primarily from Southern Europe (Italian Catholics) and Eastern Europe (Russian and Polish Jews)• And: Germans,
Austro-Hungarians, British, Irish, Scandinavians, Mexicans, Chinese, Japanese
• The Making of Modern America: • industrialization• urbanization • consumer
capitalism
![Page 6: Immigrants in the United States](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816049550346895dcf70f0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Framing the issue…1. Why did immigrants come to the
United States?2. What was their arrival like?3. Once they got here, what did they
do?4. What did other Americans think of
immigrants?5. How did they become “American”?
![Page 7: Immigrants in the United States](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816049550346895dcf70f0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
1. Why did immigrants come to the United States?
• An era of worldwide population movement
• The PUSH and the PULL– PUSH: cataclysm in home country– PULL: attraction of destination country
• Economic Opportunity
![Page 8: Immigrants in the United States](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816049550346895dcf70f0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
2. What was their arrival like?
Castle Garden Immigrant Landing and Processing Depot, NYC (1866)
![Page 9: Immigrants in the United States](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816049550346895dcf70f0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Ship Manifest of Immigrant Passengers(available at www.ellisisland.org)
![Page 10: Immigrants in the United States](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816049550346895dcf70f0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Inspecting and Testing Immigrants
Angel Island, CA Ellis Island, NY
![Page 11: Immigrants in the United States](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816049550346895dcf70f0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
3. Once they got here, what did they do?
A) They went where the jobs were …• Agriculture (both permanent and seasonal)– Central Europeans and Scandinavians in Midwest– Asians and Mexicans on West Coast– Chinese and Italians in South
• Railroad– Chinese immigrants in the West– Irish immigrants in the East
• Industrial labor– Slavic immigrants and Northern Europeans in heavy
industry (coal, steel)– Eastern European Jews in garment industry– Chinese and Japanese in western fish industry
![Page 12: Immigrants in the United States](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816049550346895dcf70f0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
3. Once they got here, what did they do?
B) They went where their people were …• ETHNIC ENCLAVES
A great teaching tool: The New York Times INTERACTIVE IMMIGRATION MAP:
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/03/10/us/20090310-immigration-explorer.html
![Page 13: Immigrants in the United States](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816049550346895dcf70f0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
4. What did other Americans think of immigrants?
November 22, 1869
![Page 14: Immigrants in the United States](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816049550346895dcf70f0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Naturalization Act of 1790“… Any Alien being a free white person, who shall have resided within the limits and under the jurisdiction of the United States for the term of two years, may be admitted to become a citizen thereof ...”
BUT: Who is “White?”“the Number of purely white People in the World is proportionably very small ... in Europe, the Spaniards, Italians, French, Russians and Swedes, are generally of what we call a swarthy Complexion; as are the Germans also, the Saxons only excepted, who with the English, make the principal Body of White People on the Face of the Earth.”
-- Benjamin Franklin, 1751
![Page 15: Immigrants in the United States](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816049550346895dcf70f0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Chinese Immigrants in 19th Century America
![Page 16: Immigrants in the United States](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816049550346895dcf70f0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Harper’s Weekly, July 16, 1870 Lithograph, San Francisco, late 1860s
On the “Chinese Question”
![Page 17: Immigrants in the United States](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816049550346895dcf70f0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
On the “Chinese Question”
Harper’s Weekly, June 12. 1869
![Page 18: Immigrants in the United States](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816049550346895dcf70f0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Immigrants in the United States](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816049550346895dcf70f0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Puck Magazine, June 7, 1882“The Stranger at Our Gate,” Our Day (1896)
EuropeanImmigrationas a Threat
![Page 20: Immigrants in the United States](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816049550346895dcf70f0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Urbanization and Reform
Settlement House in Chicago, early twentieth century Garment workers’ strike, NYC, 1909
![Page 21: Immigrants in the United States](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816049550346895dcf70f0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The closing of the gates …
• 1924: Johnson-Reed Act: Permanent immigration quota law established a preference quota system by national origin. – Border Patrol also established.
• 1929: Annual quotas of the 1924 Act were made permanent.– Quota law remains in place until 1965
![Page 22: Immigrants in the United States](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816049550346895dcf70f0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
5. “Becoming” “American”
• Assimilation: – The conversion of nutriments into living tissue.
– The process whereby a minority group adopts the customs and attitudes of the prevailing culture.
• Acculturation:– the adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding culture; socialization.
• Adaptation:– Change in behavior of a person or group in response to new or modified surroundings.
![Page 23: Immigrants in the United States](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816049550346895dcf70f0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The “Melting
Pot”
(and other metaphors)
![Page 24: Immigrants in the United States](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816049550346895dcf70f0/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
How did these immigrants become “American?”
Factors that affected “Americanization”:- Continued pull of transnational
networks- Ethnic community as circumscribing
force- Gender / Generation- Economic status- Popular culture / Sports- Passage of time / Changing attitudes
toward particular immigrant groups
![Page 25: Immigrants in the United States](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816049550346895dcf70f0/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
http://www.leftycartoons.com/history-marches-on-nativism-marches-in-place/