IMMIGRANTS

What were the reasons European immigrants had for coming to the US?

To escape religious persecution

Because of population pressure

Because of the desire to experience democracy and reform

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IMMIGRANTS

What were the reasons Chinese and Japanese immigrants had for coming to the US?

In response to the California gold rush

To build the railroads

To seek higher wages in Hawaii and California

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IMMIGRANTS

What were the reasons West Indian and Mexican immigrants had for coming to the US?

To find employment

Their homes were annexed by the US after the war

To find work

To flee political turmoil and unrest

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Immigrants: Who are they?Old Immigration VS New Immigration

Ireland + Germany Southern Europe (Italians, Greeks) Central Europe

(Slavs, Poles, Russians, Hungarians)

Increasingly diverse: more countries and more religions, esp. Catholics and Jews

200,000 African-Americans move to Chicago & Detroit

NATIVISM reemerges as a counter-reaction, in form of American Protective Association (APA)

Congress restricts immigration 1882

1882:Chinese Exclusion Act vs.1886: Statue of Liberty

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Ellis Island

About a one week trip

Immigrants stayed in steerage

Checked for diseases This could take up to 5 hours!

Needed to: Pass a test Able to work $25

From 1892-1943, more than 16 million immigrants passed through!

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Angel Island

Chinese and others arrived off the coast of San Francisco at Angel Island

Between 1910-1940 50,000 Chinese entered through Angel.

VERY long admission process

Kept like prisoners

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OBJECTIVES:1. DESCRIBE THE MOVEMENT OF IMMIGRANTS TO

CITIES AND THE OPPORTUNITIES THEY FOUND THERE

2. EXPLAIN HOW CITIES DEALT WITH PROBLEMS RELATED TO HOUSING, TRANSPORTATION,

WATER SUPPLY, AND FIRE AND POLICE PROTECTION.

3. DESCRIBE SOME OF THE ORGANIZATION AND PEOPLE WHO OFFERED HELP TO URBAN

IMMIGRANTS

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15.2 The Problems of Urbanization

TERMS12

Urbanization

Row houses& Dumbbell tenement

Social Gospel movement, Settlement houses, & Jane Addams

OBJECTIVES:1. Describe the movement of

immigrants to cities and the opportunities they found there

2. Explain how cities dealt with problems related to housing, transportation, water supply, and fire and police protection.

3. Describe some of the organization and people who offered help to urban immigrants

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By the early 1900s immigrant populations were overwhelming American cities More Poles in Chicago than in Warsaw! More Irish in New York than in Dublin, Ireland!

Many immigrants often lived in neighborhoods with others who shared their background This helped them adapt to the new culture

Many African Americans moved North to cities like Detroit and Chicago

Immigration Problems14

Row houses became very popular

Working class families were moving out of the city

Dumbbell tenements were oddly shaped in include an air shaft Unfortunately people

began to use them as a garbage disposal

Dumbbell Tenement15

TRANSPORTATION WATER/SANITATION

PROBLEM: People can’t get to work

StreetcarsCable carsSubways

Many tenements did not have fresh water

Diseases were spread Horse manure in the

streets sewage in the gutters foul smoke from

factories

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More Urban Problem

Urban Problems17

Lack of water

Wooden dwellings

1853 – first paid fire dept.

1874 – first auto fire sprinkler

1844 – first organized police force

Chicago Fire 1871

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REFORM 25

Most mainstream or old line Protestant churches struggle to address plight of urban poor

Catholicism thrives, founds schools and parishes

SOCIAL GOSPEL is preached (vs. SOCIAL DARWINISM)

Salvation Army, YMCA and Christian Scientists are formed in this milieu

Jane Addams: Reformer, studies social ills, founds Hull House in Chicago in 1889

Settlement Houses are founded to provide assistance to poor and new immigrants

Run largely by middle-class women reformers

Provided aid and education