immediate implant lecture

30
Immediate Implant Placement Dr. Mohammed Alshehri BDS, AEGD, SSC-Resto, SF-DI

Upload: mohammed-alshehri

Post on 22-May-2015

8.441 views

Category:

Education


46 download

DESCRIPTION

My Lectures

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Immediate implant lecture

Immediate Implant Placement

Dr. Mohammed Alshehri BDS, AEGD, SSC-Resto, SF-DI

Page 2: Immediate implant lecture

Introduction

• The formation as well as the preservation of the alveolar process is dependant on the continued presence of teeth.

• Patient with long and narrow teeth have more delicate alveolar process and, in particular, a thin, sometimes fenestrated buccal bone plate.

Page 3: Immediate implant lecture

• Its well documented that following multiple teeth extraction and the subsequent restoration with removable dentures, the size of the alveolar ridge will become markedly reduced, not only in horizontal but also in vertical dimension and the arch will be shortened.

• Resorption more pronounced at the

buccal than the lingual/palatal aspects of

the ridge.

Page 4: Immediate implant lecture

• Following an extraction, there is a 25% decrease in the width of the alveolar bone during the first year, and an average 4 mm decrease in height during the first year following multiple extractions. (Carlson 1967, Misch 2000; Misch 2000)

• Tatum and Mischhave observed a 40%-60% decrease in alveolar bone width after the first 2 to 3 years post extraction.

Page 5: Immediate implant lecture

• Christensen reports an annual resorption rate of at least 0.5% to 1% during the remainder for the rest of a patient’s life.

• In the publication by Schropp et al. (2003) most of the bone gain in the socket occurred in the first 3 months.

Page 6: Immediate implant lecture

• The formation as well as the preservation of the alveolar process is dependant on the continued presence of teeth.

• Patient with long and narrow teeth have more delicate alveolar process and, in particular, a thin, sometimes fenestrated buccal bone plate.

Page 7: Immediate implant lecture

Healing of Extraction Socket

• Amler (1969)

Page 8: Immediate implant lecture

• Amler (1969)

Page 9: Immediate implant lecture

Healing of Extraction Socket

• Ohta (1993)

Page 10: Immediate implant lecture

• Ohta (1993)

Page 11: Immediate implant lecture

Healing of Extraction Socket

• Arau´jo MG, Lindhe J (2005)

1 week 2 weeks

Page 12: Immediate implant lecture

• Arau´jo MG, Lindhe J (2005)

4 weeks 8 weeks

Page 13: Immediate implant lecture

Soft Tissue Changes after Extraction

• Immediately following tooth extraction there is a lack of mucosa and the socket entrance is open

• During the 1st weeks after extraction, cell proliferation withen the mucosa will results in an increase in its C.T volume

• The soft tissue wound will become epithelialized and keratinized ,the mucosa will cover the extraction site

• The contour of the mucosa will adapt to follow the changes that occur externally in the hard tissue of the alveolar process.

Page 14: Immediate implant lecture

Hard Tissue Changes after Extraction

The Theory of Bundle Bone

• The Bundle Bone delineates the alveolar socket

– Thickness approximately 0.8 mm– It's a tooth related bone structure– Blood supply through blood vessels of the PDL

Page 15: Immediate implant lecture

Hard Tissue Changes after Extraction

• following extraction, since bone structure resorbes irrespective of therapy

• This is critical on the facial aspect, since 2-3 mm of the most coronal bone wall is mainly made of bundle bone

(Schropp et al. 2003, Botticelli et al. 2004, Araujo & Lindhe 2005, Araujo et al. 2005, Araujo et al. 2006, Fickl et al. 2008)

Page 16: Immediate implant lecture

Changes in the soft and hard tissues following tooth extraction

Page 17: Immediate implant lecture

Clinical situations at extraction of anterior teeth in the maxilla

Page 18: Immediate implant lecture
Page 19: Immediate implant lecture

Immediate Implant

• Definition: Implant placed as part of the same surgical procedures and immediately following tooth extraction

• Type I (Hammerle Classification)

Page 20: Immediate implant lecture

Rationale

• Easier definition of the implant position

• Reduced number of visits in the dental office

• Reduced overall treatment time and costs

• Preservation of bone at the site of implantation

• Optimal soft tissue esthetics

• Enhanced patient acceptance

(Werbitt & Goldberg 1992; Barzilay 1993; Schwartz-Arad & Chaushu 1997a; Mayfi eld 1999; Hammerle et al. 2004)

Page 21: Immediate implant lecture

Immediate Implant & GBR

Page 22: Immediate implant lecture

Disadvantages

• Site morphology may complicate optimal Placement and anchorage.

• Adjunctive surgical procedures may be required.

• Technique sensitive procedures.

• Thin tissue biotype may compromise optimal outcome. • Potential lack of keratinized mucosa for flap adaptation.

Page 23: Immediate implant lecture

Esthetic Complications with Immediate Implants

• Observed complications with immediate implants in early 2000.

• Increased risk for facial bone resorption and consequent soft tissue recession.

Page 24: Immediate implant lecture

Mucosal Recession with Immediate Implants

Clinical studies reporting mucosal recessions

• Lindeboom, Tjiook, Kroon: Immediate placement of implants in periapical infected sites: a prospective randomized study in 50 patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 101:705, 2006.

• Chen, Darby, Reynolds: A prospective clinical study of nonsubmerged immediate implants: clinical outcomes and esthetic results. Clin Oral Implants Res 18: 552, 2007.

• Kan, Rungcharassaeng, Sclar, Lozada: Effects of the facial osseous defect morphology on gingival dynamics after immediate tooth replacement and guided bone regeneration: 1-year results. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 65: 13, 2007.

Page 25: Immediate implant lecture

Mucosal Recession with Immediate Implants

Clinical studies reporting mucosal recessions

• Evans, Chen: Esthetic outcomes of immediate implant placements. Clin Oral Implants Res 19: 73, 2008.

• Chen, Darby, Reynolds, Clement: Immediate implant placement post-extraction without flap elevation: A case series. J Periodontol 80: 163-172, 2009.

Page 26: Immediate implant lecture

Mucosal Recession with Immediate Implants

Page 27: Immediate implant lecture

Keys of success in Esthetic Zone

• Preservation of adequate amount of facial bone.

• Surgical procedures which encourage healing capable of maintaining at least 2 mm of facial bone dimention.

• Appropriate bone dimention (horizontal bulk in addition to vertical height) helps to maintain bone and soft tissue over the longer term.

Page 28: Immediate implant lecture

Conclusion

• The alveolar process following tooth extraction will adapt by atrophy and an immediate implant in this respect cannot prevent this problems ,and unable to substitute for the tooth.

• The problem with type 1 placement is that the bone loss will frequently cause the buccal portion of the implant to gradually lose its hard tissue coverage, and that the metal surface may become visible through a thin peri-implant mucosa and cause esthetic concerns.

Page 29: Immediate implant lecture

Conclusion

• To overcome this problem

– Placing the implant deeper into the fresh socket and in the lingual palatal portion of the socket to overcome buccal bone resorption

– bone regeneration (augmentation) procedures may be required to improve or retain bone volume and the buccal contour at a fresh extraction site.

Page 30: Immediate implant lecture

Summary

• There is no doubt today that this approach is associated with an increased risk for esthetic complications– Mucosal recession on the facial aspect

• There are significant risk factors for such Complications :– Gingival biotype (thin, highly scalloped)– Oro-facial malposition of the implant– Shape of facial bone defect (V-shape vs. U-shape)

• This treatment concept is of complex level– Clinician must be very experienced

• Careful case selection is crucial– Esthetic risk assessment