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The Rock Cycle

Igneous Rocks

(Lab )

Sedimentary Rocks

(Lab ) Metamorphic Rocks

(Lab )

Diagram from USGS.gov.

Plutonic

(intrusive)

Volcanic

(extrusive)

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Images from © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Images from © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure modified after © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Mineral

Texture:

Explanation: Interpretation: Cooling

history

Igneous

rock:

Phaneritic

(coarse-

grained)

Crystals are all

large (visible),

interlocking

Cooled slowly underground Intrusive

Porphyritic

Some larger

crystals

surrounded by

fine-grained

material

2 stages of cooling: first cooled

slowly underground (larger

crystals), then erupted and

cooled quickly (fine-grained

material)

Extrusive

Aphanitic

(fine-grained)

No visible

crystals Cooled rapidly at Earth’s surface Extrusive

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Extrusive

Fine-grained

(aphanitic)

or

porphyritic

Intrusive

Coarse-

grained

(phaneritic)

Ultramafic Mafic Intermediate Felsic

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Organ Mountains

Potrillo Volcanic Field

Florida Mountains

• Felsic

compositions to

the East

• Mafic

compositions in

the center