Gallery Walk: Discuss the images you see.

O To which senses do they appeal?O What is the connotation?

Connotations : How to interpret literary devices

ObjectivesO Student will be able to identify the

five types of imageryO Students will be able to analyze why

images are juxtaposedO Students will be able to evaluate

why the author used imagery to create a theme

Key Points

O Imagery is language that appeals to our five senses

O An image has a connotative/emotional meaningO The image(s) is central to the theme of the poemO Juxtaposition is the act of placing objects next to

each other for the purpose of comparison or contrast

O Poets often juxtapose certain images to create comparisons or contrasts and to build theme

Writing ConnectionO To score 6+ on literary analysis you must EXPLICITLYO ANALYZE THE CONNOTATIVE MEANING OF

THOSE DEVICESO You are required to make an inference and

come to a conclusion

O CONNECT THE WRITER’S SELECTION OF THAT IMAGE, SYMBOL, WORD, METAPHOR TO THE LARGER, UNIVERSAL MEANING OF THE STORY

DenotationO The dictionary definition of the word.O What it actually means

A device with which to tell time.

ConnotationO The emotional or associated VALUES

of that word, image, symbol, metaphor, etc.

The passing of timeThe past

The futureLoss or nostalgia

Imagery

O Imagery is language that appeals to our five senses

O An image is one of the followingO AuditoryO OlfactoryO GustatoryO TactileO Visual

All images appeal to our emotions. They can

create a sense of longing, fear, despair, joy. These

are the TONES created by the images.

Simple Math!!

image

connotations

tone

Auditory Images

Oh, the bells, bells, bells! What a tale their terror tells Of Despair! How they clang, and clash and roar! What a horror they outpour On the bosom of the palpitating air! Yet the ear, it fully knows, By the twanging, And the clanging, How the danger ebbs and flows; Yet the ear distinctly tells, In the jangling, And the wrangling, How the danger sinks and swells,

These auditory images are discordant, or

cacophonous, and the create a displeasing

sound that echoes the speaker’s disturbed tone

towards the bells that torment him. These

bells also represent the passing of time, which is

inevitable, uncontrollable, and distressing to the

speaker.

CFUO On the guided notes, create an

auditory image that describes your journey to school each morning.

Olfactory ImageryO "I lay still and took another

minute to smell: I smelled the warm, sweet, all-pervasive smell of silage, as well as the sour dirty laundry spilling over the basket in the hall. I could pick out the acrid smell of Claire's drenched diaper, her sweaty feet, and her hair crusted with sand. The heat compounded the smells, doubled the fragrance.“O excerpt from "A Map of

the World“ by Jane Hamilton

This is a clear juxtaposition of

olfactory images: the sweet and the

sour. This juxtaposition expresses the author’s mixed feelings about

raising a child in a polluted city.

CFUO Describe, using olfactory imagery, a

school bus full of athletes returning home from a championship game.

GustatoryO "Tumbling through the ocean water

after being overtaken by the monstrous wave, Mark unintentionally took a gulp of the briny, bitter mass, causing him to cough and gag."

This image allows the audience to viscerally

connect with the narrator, and empathize with him. The reader’s tone is SYMPATHETIC toward the speaker.

CFUO Using gustatory imagery, describe

either the BEST or WORST meal you have ever had.

Tactile

O "When the others went swimming my son said he was going in, too. He pulled his dripping trunks from the line where they had hung all through the shower and wrung them out. Languidly, and with no thought of going in, I watched him, his hard little body, skinny and bare, saw him wince slightly as he pulled up around his vitals the small, soggy, icy garment. As he buckled the swollen belt, suddenly my groin felt the chill of death." O E.B.White's, 'One More To The Lake'

The tactile image of the son painfully

redressing into his wet clothes reflects

the painful transition from childhood to

adulthood that the mother feels as she witnesses it. The pain is reflected in the last line as she realizes her role as

mother is dying.

CFUO Create a tactile image to describe

the relationship between a mother or father and child.

Visual

O He had taken a dreary road, darkened by all the gloomiest trees of the forest, which barely stood aside to let the narrow path creep through, and closed immediately behind. It was all as lonely as could be; and there is this peculiarity in such a solitude, that the traveller knows not who may be concealed by the innumerable trunks and the thick boughs overhead; so that with lonely footsteps he may yet be passing through an unseen multitude.

This complex image is also symbolic and

metaphoric. The forest is an archetypal symbol for

evil, danger, or the unknown, and as the

narrator goes deeper into the forest, the imagery

becomes constrictive and threatening. This image

alerts the reader to a shift in the story, and

represents the narrators CONFICTED tone as he

struggles between moral brightness and darkness.

CFUO Create a visual image describing

where you sleep.

JuxtapositionO Turn to a partner and review what

juxtaposition

O What literary devices or elements can be juxtaposed?

What is juxtaposed in the following images?

Why??????What larger statement might the

photographer be making about

society? Technology?

Tradition?

Why???What might

the photographer be saying about war?

Scientific advancements? Nature?

Man’s manipulation

of nature?

What two images are juxtaposed?

Why?What might

the photographer

be saying about media? Fantasy vs.

reality? Class in America?

Partner Practice: Identify the different images in this excerpt

"With a wild rattle and clatter, and an inhuman abandonment of consideration not easy to be understood in these days, the carriage dashed through streets and swept round corners, with women screaming before it, and men clutching each other and clutching children out of its way. At last, swooping at a street corner by a fountain, one of its wheels came to a sickening little jolt, and there was a loud city from a number of voices, and the horses reared and plunged."

from 'A Tale of Two Cities' by Charles Dickens

Table Practice: Identify and Analyze

O Select an image from the front boardO THESE ARE CLASS SETS! NO

WRITING ON THEM

O Determine what is being juxtaposed.O Compose 2 theme statements for the

image O These 2 statements should be about

different topics

Independent Practice

O You have been assigned a poem

O You willO Read and annotateO Identify the images in the poem-label the TYPE of

imageO Label what images are juxtaposed O Ruminate on and evaluate the theme of the poem

and how the images CREATE that themeO 20 minutes

O Evaluate speaker, subject, tone and theme