ilo standards ilo standards and national and national
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1IPEC An ILO Initiative
ILO standards ILO standards and national and national legal framework onlegal framework on child labour:child labour:
How they relate How they relate to the education debateto the education debate
Y.Noguchi, Senior legal officer,Y.Noguchi, Senior legal officer,International Programme International Programme
on the Elimination on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC),of Child Labour (IPEC),
International Labour OrganizationInternational Labour Organization
Oslo, 21 October 2008
2IPEC An ILO Initiative
International Principles and Rights
UN Convention UN Convention on the Rightson the Rights
f h Childf h Child
Provides that children beProvides that children beprotected from protected from economiceconomic
l it til it ti d k th td k th tof the Childof the Child exploitationexploitation and work thatand work thatthreatens their healththreatens their health
educationeducation andanddevelopmentdevelopmentdevelopmentdevelopment
ILO DeclarationILO Declarationon Fundamentalon Fundamental Declares the effectiveDeclares the effective
ILO Minimum AgeConvention, No. 138
Principles andPrinciples andRights at WorkRights at Work
abolition of childabolition of childlabourlabour as a social pillaras a social pillarof the global economyof the global economy
,
ILO Worst Forms of Child LabourC ti N 182Convention, No. 182
3IPEC An ILO Initiative
Convention No. 138
ILO Minimum Age
Requires a national policy for theeffective abolition of child labour(Art. 1)g
ConventionNo. 138
Requires a specification of minimumage > end of compulsory education(Art. 2)
GeneralGeneral Exceptions forExceptions fordeveloping countriesdeveloping countriesdeveloping countriesdeveloping countries
Basic Minimum Age (Art. 2)Basic Minimum Age (Art. 2) not below the end of compulsory not below the end of compulsory schooling; at least 15 yearsschooling; at least 15 years 14 years14 yearsschooling; at least 15 yearsschooling; at least 15 years 14 years14 years
Hazardous work (Art. 3)Hazardous work (Art. 3) 18 years18 years NO EXCEPTIONNO EXCEPTION(16 years conditionally)(16 years conditionally)
Light work (Art. 7)Light work (Art. 7) 1313--15 years15 years 1212--14 years14 years
4IPEC An ILO Initiative
C138: Basic Minimum Age and Education
A 2 ( 3)A 2 ( 3)
Minimum working age: Not lower than the age for
Art. 2, (para. 3)Art. 2, (para. 3) completion ofcompulsory schooling+ at least 15 15 years of age
Initially exceptional minimumage of 1414 in countries whose
Art. 2, (para. 4)Art. 2, (para. 4)
age of 14 14 in countries whoseeconomy and educational
facilities are notfully developedfully developed
After consultationAfter consultationwith social partnerswith social partners
5IPEC An ILO Initiative
C138: Light work and Education
From 13 years of age whenArt. 7, (para. 1)Art. 7, (para. 1)
From 13 years of age whenwork is not likely to interferewith schooling nor to harmtheir health or developmentt e ea t o deve op e t
Art. 7, (para. 4)Art. 7, (para. 4)From 12 years of age, underthe same conditions, whenthe same conditions, wheneconomy and educationalfacilities of a country areinsufficiently developedy p
6IPEC An ILO Initiative
Policy recommendations (R146)
• The development and progressive extension of d i d i l i i ieducation and vocational training appropriate to
the needs of the children (Para 2(d)) ;• Requiring full-time schooling or vocational
training programmes and effectively ensuring them up to the minimum working age (Para 4)
• Special attention in enforcement, to the prevention p , pof the employment or work of children during the hours when instruction is available. (Para 15(b))( ( ))
7IPEC An ILO Initiative
What is child labour to be abolished?
Children between the minimum age
and 18
Children between 12/13 and the minimum age
Children below 12/13 years of y
age
Work excluded from minimum Light work
Non-hazardous, non-light
Hazardous work(and also other from minimum
age legislationLight work non light
work worst forms of child labour)
Shaded area = child labour for abolitionShaded area = child labour for abolition
8IPEC An ILO Initiative
C182 in relation with C138
C182 complements C138:C182 complements C138:
Convention No. 138 aims atConvention No. 138 aims atall formsall forms of child labourof child labour
Convention No. 182 aims atConvention No. 182 aims atthe worst forms of childthe worst forms of childe wo s o s o c de wo s o s o c d
labour as a matterlabour as a matterofof prioritypriorityof of prioritypriority
9IPEC An ILO Initiative
C 182: coverage
IncludingIncludingforced recruitmentforced recruitment
for use in armedfor use in armedChildren Children
All sectorsof economic
activity for use in armedfor use in armedconflictconflictin hazardousin hazardous
workwork Children in Children in illicit activitiesillicit activities
y
Girls and boysd 18
Children inChildren inprostitution andprostitution and
under 18 years
Special attention pornographypornographySpecial attentionfor most vulnerable
like very youngand girls
Children inChildren indebt bondage ordebt bondage ortraffickingtrafficking
Children inChildren inslavery, forced orslavery, forced or
compulsory compulsory
Worst forms ofchild labour as co pu so yco pu so y
labourlabourprioritytarget groups
10IPEC An ILO Initiative
C182: Obligations (summary)
To take To take immediateimmediate and and effectiveeffectivemeasures to prohibit andmeasures to prohibit and
eliminate the worst forms ofeliminate the worst forms ofchild labour as a matter ofchild labour as a matter ofchild labour as a matter ofchild labour as a matter of
urgencyurgency (Art. 1)(Art. 1)
Determine and map hazardous workDetermine and map hazardous work Ratifying member States mustRatifying member States mustapply the Conventionapply the Convention
Establish monitoring mechanismsEstablish monitoring mechanisms
pp ypp y
Develop time bound measuresDevelop time bound measures
Design/implement programmes of actionDesign/implement programmes of action Enhance international assistance/cooperationEnhance international assistance/cooperation
11IPEC An ILO Initiative
C182 and R190: Obligations and Recommendations
C.182C.182Art 6Art 6
Design and implementDesign and implementprogrammes of actionprogrammes of action
In consultationIn consultationwith social partnerswith social partners
Art. 6Art. 6 programmes of actionprogrammes of actionConsider views ofConsider views of
«« other concerned groupsother concerned groupsas appropriateas appropriate » e g» e gas appropriateas appropriate », e.g.», e.g.NGOs and parents’NGOs and parents’
organizationsorganizationsRecommended elementsRecommended elements
(Recommendation No. 190, para. 2)(Recommendation No. 190, para. 2)
Identifying and denouncingthe worst forms of child labour
Special attention tohigh-risk communities
Special attention to younger Sensitization of public
Social mobilizationPrevention, protectionand rehabilitation
children, girls and otherhighly vulnerable
Sensitization of public,children and their families
12IPEC An ILO Initiative
C182: Obligations
Art. 7 (para. 2)Art. 7 (para. 2) Develop effective and timeDevelop effective and time--bound measuresbound measures
PREVENTPREVENT children from engaging in worst forms of child labourchildren from engaging in worst forms of child labour
Provide directProvide direct ASSISTANCEASSISTANCE for removal, rehabilitationfor removal, rehabilitationand social reand social re--integrationintegration
Ensure access to free basic Ensure access to free basic EDUCATIONEDUCATION and, if possible,and, if possible,vocational trainingvocational training
Identify and reach out to children at Identify and reach out to children at SPECIAL RISKSPECIAL RISK,,e.g. domestic work under abusive circumstancese.g. domestic work under abusive circumstances
Take account of the special situation of Take account of the special situation of GIRLSGIRLS
13IPEC An ILO Initiative
ILO Regular supervisory machineryGovernment reports
Employers’ and workers’ comments
Committee of Experts on the Applicationof Conventions and Recommendations
Direct requests sentto governments
Observations publishedin report III (4A)
Tripartite Conference Committee[Governments employers workers][Governments, employers, workers]
of the International Labour Conference
14IPEC An ILO Initiative
Child labour and Poverty
Child LabourChild LabourPoverty causes child labour and Child LabourChild Labourchild labour causes poverty !!
EDUCATION
PovertyPovertyTo break the cycle !!
15IPEC An ILO Initiative
What is the Time-Bound Programme?
Clear goals Clear goals –– specific targets specific targets –– defined time framedefined time frame
Operates at many levels: international, national, provincial, community,
Definition: A set of integrated &
individual/family.
coordinated policies & programmes to prevent & eliminate a
Addresses root causes of WFCL.
i k i l ffto prevent & eliminate a country’s worst forms of child
labour within a defined
Links to national development effort.
E h i “ t hi ”period of time. Emphasis on “country ownership”.
16IPEC An ILO Initiative
For more informationFor more informationplease contactplease contact
International Programme on the International Programme on the Eli i ti f Child L bEli i ti f Child L bElimination of Child LabourElimination of Child Labour
4, Route des Morillons4, Route des MorillonsCHCH 1211 Geneva 221211 Geneva 22CHCH--1211 Geneva 221211 Geneva 22
SwitzerlandSwitzerland
Tel : (+41Tel : (+41 -- 22) 799 81 8122) 799 81 81Tel.: (+41 Tel.: (+41 -- 22) 799 81 8122) 799 81 81Fax: (+41 Fax: (+41 -- 22) 799 87 7122) 799 87 71
EE--mail: mail: [email protected]@ilo.org
Child labour website:Child labour website:Child labour website:Child labour website:http://www.ilo.org/childlabourhttp://www.ilo.org/childlabour