illness behavior.pptx

8/10/2019 ILLNESS BEHAVIOR.pptx

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Illness Behavior andSick Role BehaviorBy: Rubelle Micah C.Sapong, BSN, RN


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Illness Behavior

the way in which symptoms areperceived, evaluated, and acted upon by aperson who recognizes some pain,discomfort or other signs of organicmalfunction.

is influenced by social and cultural factorsin addition to (and sometimes instead of)physiological condition.


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STAGES OF ILLNESSEXPERIENCE(Edward Suchman )

STAGE 1: SYMPTOM EXPERIENCE the illness experience is initiated when an

individual first senses that something iswrong a perception of pain, discomfort,general unease, or some disruption inbodily functioning.

Assessment of symptoms


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10 factors that determine how individuals respond toillnesses:

1. The visibility, recognizability, or perceptual salience ofsymptoms.2. The perceived seriousness of symptoms .3. The extent to which symptoms disrupt family, work,

and other social activities .4. The frequency of the appearance of symptoms, their

persistence, or frequency of recurrence .5. The tolerance threshold of those who are exposed to

and evaluate the deviant signs and symptoms .6. Available information, knowledge, and cultural

assumptions and understandings of the evaluator .


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7. Perceptual needs which lead to autistic psychological processes .

8. Needs competing with illness response9. Competing possible interpretations that can beassigned to the symptoms once they are recognized .10. Availability of treatment resources, physical

proximity, and psychological and monetary costs oftaking action .


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STAGE 2: ASSUMPTION OF THE SICKROLE; ILLNESS AS DEVIANCE

When one is ill, one does not simply exit normal socialroles to enter a type of social vacuum; rather, onesubstitutes a new role the sick role for therelinquished, normal roles.

also a social role, characterized by certain exemptions,rights, and obligations, and shaped by the society,groups, and cultural tradition to which the sick personbelongs.


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2 Behavioral exemptions: The sick person is temporarily excused from normal

social roles. Depending on the nature and severity of theillness, a physician can legitimize the sick role status andpermit the patient to forgo normal responsibilities. Thephysicians endorsement is required so that society canmaintain some control and prevent people from lingeringin the sick role.

The sick person is not held responsible for the illness.Society accepts that cure will require more than the bestefforts of the patient and permits the patient to be takencare of by health care professionals and others.


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In o rder to b e granted th ese role exem ptio ns ,how ever, the pa t ien t m us t be wi l l ing to acceptthe fo l low ing tw o o b l igat ions :

1. The sick person must want to get well. Theprevious two elements of the legitimized sick role areconditional on this requirement. The patient must notget so accustomed to the sick role or enjoy the lifting

of responsibilities that motivation to get well issurrendered.2. The sick person is expected to seek medicaladvice and cooperate with medical experts. This

requirement introduces another means of socialcontrol. The patient who refuses to see a health careprofessional creates a suspicion that the illness isnot legitimate. Such a refusal inevitably reduces thepatience and sympathy of society and thosesurrounding the patient.


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STAGE 3: MEDICAL CARE

CONTACT/SELF CARE

was labeled as medical care contact

and described as the point at which anindividual sought professional medicalcare.


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STAGE 4: DEPENDENT PATIENT ROLE

Major concerns people have during stage 4:1. Impairments of personal cognitive functioning.2. Loss of personal independence3. Changes in body image.4. Withdrawal from key social roles5. The future.


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5: RECOVERY AND REHABILITATION

The final stage of Suchmans schema varies dependingon the type of illness. For acute patients, the process isone of relinquishing the sick role and moving back tonormal role obligations. For chronic patients, the extentto which prior role obligations may be resumed rangesfrom those who forsake the sick role to those who willnever be able to leave it.

illness behavior.pptx

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